微波植被指数在干旱监测中的应用

在植被覆盖区域,归一化植被指数(NDVI)被广泛地应用于干旱遥感监测。和基于光学遥感的植被指数相比,Shi等提出的微波植被指数MVI(Microwave Vegetation Index)被证实能够反映更多的植被生长信息。本文以MVI为基础,利用MVI代替目前比较成熟的温度植被指数TVDI(Temperature Vegetation Index)中的NDVI,构建温度微波植被干旱指数TMVDI(Temperature Microwave Vegetation Index),发展了一种新的干旱监测方法。本文以2006年夏季四川省发生的百年难遇的干旱为研究对象,将基于TMVDI与TVDI的干旱监测结果进行了对比分析。最后,为评估监测结果的准确性,将遥感监测的结果与基于气象站点降雨观测数据构建的标准降雨指数SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)的计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,利用低频降轨微波辐射计数据计算的T MVDI最适合于进行植被覆盖区域的干旱监测。     

2000-2012年鄂尔多斯高原植被动态及干旱响应

针对鄂尔多斯高原植被覆盖变化受干旱胁迫的状况,该文结合降水和气温的协同变化,以2000-2012年生长季的MODIS-NDVI数据和同期降水、温度和帕尔默干旱指数为依据,采用线性趋势分析、标准偏差分析和相关性分析等方法,对鄂尔多斯高原植被与气候变化的相关关系和干旱异常变化对植被动态的影响进行了研究.结果表明:鄂尔多斯高原生长季及季节(春季、夏季和秋季)植被归一化植被指数主要受降水的控制和干旱的制约,秋季归一化植被指数更多地受到夏季干旱的影响.与气象因子的空间相关分析表明,春季温度上升有利于研究区北部归一化植被指数像元的增加.在荒漠草原和沙漠地区,夏季干旱与归一化植被指数的相关关系最强.秋季降水对典型草原归一化植被指数的提升显著.     

风云三号温度植被指数反演土壤湿度研究

为了研究利用我国自主产权极轨卫星风云三号(FY-3)的MERSI数据反演区域土壤水分的效果,该文利用MERSI数据分别提取归一化植被指数(NDVI)和陆地表面温度并构建NDVI-Ts特征空间;依据该特征空间计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)作为土壤湿度监测指标,反演了2012年乌昌地区4—9月的土壤湿度。从反演结果看乌昌地区2012年4—5月土壤湿度较低,造成农区农作物不同程度的缺水,这与实际旱情监测相一致。研究结果表明:基于MERSI数据的TVDI指数能够较好地反映区域土壤湿度的变化情况,为今后应用风云三号数据进行干旱监测提供参考。     

基于TVDI的湖南省干旱监测分析

利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)与地表温度(LST)构建温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)。结合湖南省地形特征对TVDI拟合结果进行高程订正,能较好地反映旱情演变规律。将处理结果划分为5个等级,湖南省存在不同程度的干旱问题,直到8月份旱情开始有缓解趋势,但干旱问题一直存在。通过插值得到的同一时期标准化降水指数对结果进行验证发现,该模型具有一定的可靠性,对于湖南省干旱监测和趋势演变具有较好的指示作用,可为湖南省旱情的预警监测提供参考。     

基于温度植被干旱指数的电网输电线路走廊干旱分析

以湖北省输电线路走廊地区作为研究区,利用2013年1~9月MODIS卫星影像数据,处理得到月尺度的归一化植被指数(Normalized Differential Vegetation Index,NDVI)与地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)数据,构建NDVI-Ts特征空间,计算得到温度植被干旱指数(Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index,TVDI),用TVDI监测结果分析湖北省输电线路走廊区域2013年干旱时空分布情况。结果表明,湖北省输电线路走廊地区TVDI和土壤含水量之间存在显著的负相关,相关系数达到0.525(p0.05),由MODIS卫星影像计算得到TVDI影像可以有效表明湖北省输电线路走廊地区的土壤含水情况。     

不同植被指数在基于TVDI方法反演土壤水分中的应用

研究增强型植被指数基于Landsat-8数据反演土壤水分的可行性及适用性,分析研究区土壤水分总体分布,提高该地区应对干旱灾害的能力。基于温度植被干旱指数方法,以淮河流域上游地区作为研究区,基于2017年2月的Landsat-8影像,分别计算了地表温度、归一化植被指数、增强型植被指数,基于TVDI构建了两种土壤水分反演模型。研究比较了:1) EVI在TM数据中的应用特点;2)研究区土壤含水率的空间分布特征;3)两种模型反演结果的差异。结果表明:1)基于TM数据计算的EVI总体明显低于NDVI,但不同时间段的结果并不总是低于NDVI;2)基于EVI的模型结果精度低于基于NDVI模型结果。3)两种模型结果与植被覆盖度、地表温度的关系均为负相关,其中,基于EVI的模型结果与地表温度的负相关程度极高,即基于EVI的模型结果受植被影响较小,受温度影响程度高。     

土壤湿度信息遥感研究

土壤湿度是农业生产与应用过程中非常重要的因素,决定农作物的水分供应状况.本文利用MODIS产品数据获取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和陆面地表温度(Ts)构建Ts-NDVI特征空间,根据温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)的研究原理与方法,对研究区2010年5～8月份土壤湿度分布情况进行遥感监测.结合气象数据与土壤墒情资料对局部...     

基于温度供水干旱指数的京津冀春旱监测及时空分布分析

为提高农业干旱监测效果和精度,在对传统干旱监测模型对比分析基础上,本文提出将温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)和植被供水指数(VSWI)加权联合构建温度供水干旱指数(TSWDI)的研究思路。以京津冀2006—2012年5月份数据作为实验统计数据,以京津冀2006—2016年3—5月份春旱监测为例进行了模型实验。实验结果证实,TSWDI指数相对其他两个指数与10、20和50 cm深处的土壤水分相关性更高,能够更精准地反映农业干旱状况。TSWDI计算结果显示,京津冀干旱分布具有如下特征:从时间角度看,2006—2016年整体干旱状况逐渐缓解,特别是自2010年至今,研究区域干旱程度逐步减轻;从空间角度看,京津冀区域整体干旱面积逐步减少。     

基于Worldview Ⅱ影像的某区域植被覆盖度估算

植被覆盖度是衡量地表植被覆盖的一个重要指标。根据Worldview II影像计算归一化植被指数,利用像元二分模型得到某区域的植被覆盖度图,为水土流失监测评价提供重要的基础数据。     

阜新地区干旱监测研究

选定温度植被干旱指数法建立阜新地区干旱监测模型。通过参数的确定,得到温度植被干旱指数,再通过阜新地区的气象站点地面实测土壤含水量数据,建立温度植被干旱指数-土壤含水量（ TVDI-SWC ）经验模型。通过回归分析以及2007年预测分析的实验数据表明, TVDI-SWC模型适用于阜新地区早春的干旱监测,可以使用该方法来实现对阜新地区的整体旱情状况快速,准确的评估。     

基于条件植被温度指数的干旱预测研究

基于遥感定量化干旱监测结果,进行了干旱预测的研究。将遥感获得的条件植被温度指数VTCI序列应用于陕西关中平原地区,并利用ARIMA模型对该地区的VTCI时间序列进行分析建模预测。提出由点到面的时空序列预测方法,先对该区域的36个气象站所在像素点建立适合的ARIMA模型,再对整个区域所有像素点的VTCI时间序列进行建模预测。进行1步和2步预测,显示预测结果较好,1步预测精度好于2步预测;对历史数据进行AR(1)模型的拟合,拟合误差大部分较小。结果显示AR(1)模型适合VTCI序列。     

距平植被指数在1992年特大干旱监测中的应用

本文重点阐述ＮＯＡＡ极轨气象卫星距平植被指数的处理技术及算法，以及在１９９２年干旱监测中的应用。距平植被指数是以归一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）多年旬、月平均值作为背景，然后用当年旬、月的ＮＤＶＩ值减去背景值。植被指数的距平值不仅反映了植被年际间的变化，而且也指示了天气对植被的影响。用这个量监测农作物是否遭到旱灾威胁比只用ＮＤＶＩ的瞬时值优越。研究结果表明当月的距平植被指数与当月降水量距平百分率相一致。     

基于植被指数和地表温度特征空间的农业干旱监测模型研究综述

遥感技术是监测区域农业旱情时空变化的主要手段，其反演的植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(Ts)两个参数可以通过表征绿色植被对干旱胁迫生境的反应揭示土壤水分信息，反映作物受旱状况，但两者单独使用时均存在局限性。而基于植被指数和地表温度的二维特征空间综合了两个参数特有的生理生态意义，不仅可以指示作物受旱时的水热胁迫环境，同时揭示了作物在这种胁迫环境下表现出的症状，可有效提高农业干旱监测的精度和效率。本文在较为详细地阐述植被指数-地表温度特征空间评估农业旱情的原理基础上，综述了这方面有代表性的4个干旱监测模型，初步分析了影响这类模型特征空间的部分非土壤水分因子，并对它们在应用中的优缺点做了评述和总结，为今后此领域研究中需要关注的问题做了展望。     

Combination of multi-sensor remote sensing data for drought monitoring over Southwest China

Drought is one of the most frequent climate-related disasters occurring in Southwest China, where the occurrence of drought is complex because of the varied landforms, climates and vegetation types. To monitor the comprehensive information of drought from meteorological to vegetation aspects, this paper intended to propose the optimized meteorological drought index (OMDI) and the optimized vegetation drought index (OVDI) from multi-source satellite data to monitor drought in three bio-climate regions of Southwest China. The OMDI and OVDI were integrated with parameters such as precipitation, temperature, soil moisture and vegetation information, which were derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Land Surface Temperature (MODIS LST), AMSR-E Soil Moisture (AMSR-E SM), the soil moisture product of China Land Soil Moisture Assimilation System (CLSMAS), and MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (MODIS NDVI), respectively. Different sources of satellite data for one parameter were compared with in situ drought indices in order to select the best data source to derive the OMDI and OVDI. The Constrained Optimization method was adopted to determine the optimal weights of each satellite-based index generating combined drought indices. The result showed that the highest positive correlation and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) between the OMDI and 1-month standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI-1) was found in three regions of Southwest China, suggesting that the OMDI was a good index in monitoring meteorological drought; in contrast, the OVDI was best correlated to 3-month SPEI (SPEI-3), and had similar trend with soil relative water content (RWC) in temporal scale, suggesting it a potential indicator of agricultural drought. The spatial patterns of OMDI and OVDI along with the comparisons of SPEI-1 and SPEI-3 for different months in one year or one month in different years showed significantly varied drought locations and areas, demonstrating regional and seasonal fluctuations, and suggesting that drought in Southwest China should be monitored in seasonal and regional level, and more fine distinctions of seasons and regions need to be considered in the future studies of this area.     

Crop yield estimation model for Iowa using remote sensing and surface parameters

Numerous efforts have been made to develop various indices using remote sensing data such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI) and temperature condition index (TCI) for mapping and monitoring of drought and assessment of vegetation health and productivity. NDVI, soil moisture, surface temperature and rainfall are valuable sources of information for the estimation and prediction of crop conditions. In the present paper, we have considered NDVI, soil moisture, surface temperature and rainfall data of Iowa state, US, for 19 years for crop yield assessment and prediction using piecewise linear regression method with breakpoint. Crop production environment consists of inherent sources of heterogeneity and their non-linear behavior. A non-linear Quasi-Newton multi-variate optimization method is utilized, which reasonably minimizes inconsistency and errors in yield prediction.     

Remote sensing based agricultural drought assessment in Palar basin of Tamil Nadu state,India

Agricultural drought has been a recurrent phenomenon in many parts of India. Remote sensing plays a vital role in real time monitoring of the agricultural drought conditions over large area, there by effectively supplementing the ground mechanism. Conventional drought monitoring is based on subjective data. The satellite based monitoring such as National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) is based on the crop condition, which is an integrated effect of soil, effective rainfall, weather, etc. Drought causes changes in the external appearance of vegetation, which can clearly be identified (by their changed spectral response) and judged using satellite sensors through the use of vegetation indices. These indices are functions of rate of growth of the plants and are sensitive to the changes of moisture stress in vegetation. The satellite based drought assessment methodology was developed based on relationship obtained between previous year’s Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profiles with corresponding agricultural performance available at district/block level. Palar basin, one of the major river basins in Tamil Nadu state was selected as the study area. The basin covers 3 districts, which contain 44 blocks. Wide Image Field Sensor (WiFS) of 188m spatial resolution from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data was used for the analysis. Satellite based vegetation index NDVI, was generated for Samba and Navarai seasons in the years 1998 and 1999. An attempt has been made to estimate the area under paddy. It was also observed that, there was reduction in the crop area as well as vigour in the vegetation in both Samba and Navarai seasons in 1999 when compared with 1998. Drought severity maps were prepared in GIS environment giving blockwise agricultural water deficiency status.     

应用条件植被温度指数预测县域尺度小麦单产

选取关中平原2008-2016年的条件植被温度指数（vegetation temperature condition index,VTCI）遥感干旱监测结果,基于最优的干旱影响评估方法确定冬小麦各生育时期干旱对其单产的影响权重,构建县域尺度加权VTCI与小麦单产间的一元线性回归模型,并结合求和自回归移动平均模型（autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA）对各县（区）的冬小麦单产进行估测及向前一、二、三旬的预测。结果表明,基于改进的层次分析法与熵值法的最优组合赋权法对冬小麦各生育时期的权重确定较合理,以拔节期（0.489）最大,抽穗-灌浆期（0.427）次之,返青期（0.035）与乳熟期（0.049）较小;加权VTCI与小麦单产之间的相关性显著,单产估测精度较高;向前一、二、三旬的单产预测精度均较高,且以向前一旬的预测精度最高,有76.9%的相对误差小于2.0%,71.6%的均方根误差小于75.0 kg/hm2。