铁质宇宙尘中的有机分子的发现

于1983年5－7月，利用向阳红16号考察船在太平洋7—11°N，167－178°W海域进行锰结核调查，从深海沉积物中分离出大量字苗尘（或称宇宙球粒）。此后对宇宙尘进行了全面研究，取得一定进展。最近，又利用激光拉曼分子探针测定了铁质宇宙尘中的分子组成。结果表明，铁质字宙尘中除了含有Fe－Fe，Fe3＋O，Fe－Ni，Al－O，Fe－Obr－Si和Si-Onb分子外，还含有较丰富的C－H－O和C－H－S－O有机分子，无定形碳C=C和C=C，CH2，CH3和挥发分子CO2，H2O，OH－，H2S，SO2等。这些成份与刍星尘埃的分子成分相一致。这一结果对于深入研究行星际尘埃微粒的起源以及探索生命物质的起源都具有重要意义。     

世界时区图动态模拟与显示技术

以世界时区的概念为基础,阐述了世界时区图显示与模拟的总体构想、应具备的基本功能以及具有动态变化的特点,同时,着重提出了动态模拟时区渐变的RGB数学模型,并实现了世界时区动态模拟与显示.     

世界水产品绿色养殖比较研究及对中国启示

当前全球渔业捕捞量已接近顶峰局势,水产养殖发展面临巨大环境压力,水产品绿色养殖能满足消费者对优质蛋白需求的同时,还能有效缓解生态问题,保证食品质量安全。水产品养殖绿色发展已成为世界各国的共识,渔业发达国家在一定程度上已形成较完善的绿色水产养殖体系。文章基于全球水产业发展现状和趋势,通过研究欧盟、美国和日本水产品绿色养殖的相关经验,最后结合中国水产养殖业发展现状,提出在建立严格认证标准的基础上,国内政府应加强对“绿色水产品”消费的正确引导;借鉴别国对渔业可持续发展的政策和管理制度;注重关键科学技术的研发,做到产学结合;保障资金的有效投入等相关政策建议。     

带乘性噪声系统的极大似然最优估计算法

对带乘性噪声系统（ＳＭＮ）在乘性噪声及其统计参数未知的情况下,基于极大似然准则,提出了一种分块组合优化估计算法（ＢＣＯＥＡ）。该算法不需要事先知道乘性噪声的统计参数,可同时进行状态最优估计以及乘性噪声序列和其统计参数的最优估计。     

江苏省省管海域首次实现海域使用权招标出让

<正>2009年12月30日下午,江苏省蒋家沙竹根沙海域管理委员会办公室(以下简称省两沙海管办)在南通召开海域使用权出让招标会,江苏省海洋与渔业局副局长、江苏省蒋家沙竹根沙海域管     

外来海洋物种入侵风险评价研究进展

综述了外来海洋生物影响,外来海洋生物入侵风险评估方法和预警分析方法.提出了在对外来海洋生物入侵过程和机制分析基础上,结合多层次模糊综合判别来确立入侵风险分析框架和风险评估模式及入侵风险预警分析的原则.入侵风险预测模式的建立为信息管理和决策提供依据.     

英国专家认为 郑和是世界环球航行第一人

英国一名专家近日援引新证据提出惊人学说，指中国明朝三宝太监郑和领导的船队，是人类历史上第一支环绕地球航行的队伍，早在１５世纪中叶之前，中国的航海家便已经发现世界上的许多地方，他们比哥伦布先发现了新大陆，比麦哲伦早１００年便绕行世界一周，也比英国的库克更早到达澳洲，并一度航海到南极附近。如果此说属实，这将有可能改写世界航海和文明发展的历史。“除了中国人，还会是谁”３月４日的《每日电讯报》报道说，退休的潜艇指挥官、业余历史学家加文·孟济斯运用他的航海专业技术进行了长达１４年的追踪研究。他即将在英国皇…     

The Distribution and Spread of Alien Vascular Plants on Prince Edward Island

Surveys of alien plants at subantarctic Prince Edward Island in 2001 show that the ranges of all three introduced species have increased since the last survey in 1998. Poa annua, the longest-established species, increased its range substantially after 1987, prior to which it was confined to a single site for more than 20 years. It remains largely restricted to sites characterized by intense disturbance by seals and seabirds. Sagina procumbens, the most recently discovered alien plant, has spread even more rapidly (up to 800 m year^?1) and has colonized the west coast of the island (a leap of at least 3 km). Unlike Poa annua, it is not restricted to animal-disturbed areas, although its seeds probably are dispersed by both birds and fur seals. Cerastium fontanum also continues to spread at the island, but remains confined to the western coastal plain, where it occurs mostly on dry feldmark slopes or erosion scars. All three species have expanded their ranges faster than at Marion Island, possibly because of a warmer recent climate and higher densities of seabirds and seals at Prince Edward Island. The ranges of alien plants are likely to continue to expand, with S. procumbens causing considerable changes in the island's terrestrial ecology.     

Organic biomarkers in the twilight zone—Time series and settling velocity sediment traps during MedFlux

The transfer of material through the twilight zone of the ocean is controlled by sinking particles that contain organic matter (OM) and mineral ballast. During the MedFlux field program in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea in 2003, sinking particulate matter was collected in time series (TS) and settling velocity (SV) traps and analyzed for amino acids, lipids, and pigments (along with ballast minerals) [Lee, C., Armstrong, R.A., Wakeham, S.G., Peterson, M.L., Miquel, J.C., Cochran, J.K., Fowler, S.W., Hirschberg, D., Beck, A. Xue, J., 2009b. Particulate matter fluxes in time series and settling velocity sediment traps in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research II, this volume [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.003]]. The goal was to identify how organic chemical compositions of sinking particles varied as a function of their in-situ settling velocity. The TS record was used to define the biogeochemical character and temporal pattern in flux during the period of SV trap deployment. Temporal variations in organic and mineral compositions are consistent with particle biogeochemistry being driven by the seasonal succession of phytoplankton. Spring diatom bloom conditions led to a high flux of rapidly sinking aggregates and zooplankton fecal matter; summer oligotrophy followed and was characterized by a higher proportion of slowly sinking phytoplankton cells. Bacterial degradation is particularly important during the low-flux summer period. Settling velocity traps show that a large proportion of particulate organic matter sinks at 200–500 m d⁻¹. Organic compositions of this fast-sinking material mirrors that of fecal pellets and aggregated material that sinks as the spring bloom terminates. More-slowly sinking OM bears a stronger signature of bacterial degradation than do the faster-sinking particles. The observation that compositions of SV-sorted fractions are different implies that the particle field is compositionally heterogeneous over a range of settling velocities. Thus physical and biological exchange between fast-sinking and slow-sinking particles as they pass down the water column must be incomplete.     

A World Bank framework for ICZM with special emphasis on Africa

This paper describes the World Bank's emerging program in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), with a focus on Africa. The major elements and direction of this program are summarized, drawing especially on examples from Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, where the Bank's program in ICZM was initiated and where significant opportunities exist to influence the course of development in coastal areas still not transformed by major growth. The challenges ahead in establishing a viable framework for ICZM in Africa are then discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions as to how the Bank and partners in the region can best focus their efforts in the future to meet these challenges.     

基于水环境的青岛第一海水浴场旅游适宜性研究

利用2008年8月到10月对青岛第一海水浴场的水质监测结果,分析了青岛第一海水浴场的水质状况,对其旅游适宜性进行了研究,结果表明：青岛第一海水浴场内的水质情况良好,符合其作为海水浴场的水质标准,但是海水浴场内的游客活动对海水浴场水质的改变不容忽视。