新沂台地磁异常与地震关系的研究

应用差分法分析了新沂台与射阳台地磁垂直分量Z的变化，以加卸载响应比方法研究地磁场极值的变化，对这两台资料进行相关分析，研究发现，在中强震前新沂台的地磁场存在明显的异常变化。     

苍山地震与新沂台前兆异常

根据新沂台前兆资料，运用加卸载响应比、差分法对地磁场Z分量进行分析；运用滑动平均对短水准资料进行分析；运用速率法对视电阻率进行分析；结果表明：在苍山地震前，新沂台前兆资料具有良好的中、短期异常，并有进入临震的异常标志。     

前兆观测资料的变化与弱震活动的关系

分析了江苏新沂地震台的短水准、地电阻率两种前兆资料的变化情况，研究了其与郯庐断裂带南段地震活动的关系。结果表明，新沂台前兆资料的变化能发现郯庐断裂带南段的强烈活动，对该断裂带上3．0级以上的地震有一定程度的反映。     

江苏新沂台地电阻率与地震关系的研究

对江苏新沂地震台1990年至2000年的地电阻率观测资料进行了分析，研究了江苏及其邻近地区发生的中强地震。结果表明，对1993年到1997年之间发生的中强地震，江苏新沂地震台地电阻率有较好的异常对应，其对应性与地球自转加速年份、震区构造、介质构造有关，亦表明了前兆异常的复杂性、多样性。     

新沂台地电阻率整点值的远大震前驱波变化

介绍江苏新沂台地电阻率整点值观测资料中的一种新变化——远大震前驱波，并简单分析了产生这种变化的机理。这一变化对预测远大震具有前兆意义，值得进一步深入研究。     

新沂台前兆异常与射阳4.4级地震的关系及其预测、跟踪分析的研究

本文总结了射阳M_S 4.4地震前新沂台地电阻率、短水准资料的变化,认为:①在震前,新沂台地电阻率、短水准资料存在较为明显的地震异常;②前兆异常变化与预测地震的发震时刻、震级对应性较强。通过数据跟踪,认为造成预测地点错误的主要原因,是震前对地电阻率的对比分析结果认识不足以及对新沂台地电阻率N45°E向资料变化认识不足或错误。如能再结合测震学参数等资料进行综合分析,预测地点可能更为准确。     

黄海5.1级地震异常特征

结合地震地质构造,利用地震学有关方法,运用各向异性度对新沂台视电阻率进行分析;运用滑动平均对新沂台短水准进行分析;运用加卸载响应比对地磁z分量进行分析。结果表明：在黄海5．1级地震前,存在中短期异常,但临震异常不明显。     

新沂台电阻率异常与山东苍山地震

山东苍山地震前,新沂地震台电阻率有明显的中短期异常与之很好地对应,并有进入临震异常的标志。分析了电阻率的变化与苍山地震的对应性及预报概况。     

新沂台地电场与地磁场、连云港台体应变的日变化分析

对新沂地震台地电场与地磁场H分量、连云港地震台体应变进行日变化对比分析,结果表明:新沂台地电场变化受地磁场、固体潮变化的共同作用,其中地电场NS向的变化比地磁场H分量的变化略微滞后,同时夹杂固体潮的作用,其日变形态以双峰单谷为主,还存在双峰双谷、近似三峰三谷形态.EW向日变形态变化与固体潮的变化形态相似,基本都为双峰双谷形态.此外,地电场还存在较明显的季节差异.最后讨论了新沂台地电场变化可能的形成机制.     

与汶川地震可能相关的震磁效应?几个地磁站地磁Z分量小波变换后的“日变幅差”特征

利用“日变幅差”方法,分析了汶川8.0级地震前泾阳、连云港、新沂地磁台地磁垂直分量小波变换后的“日变幅差”特征。结果表明,汶川8.0级地震前,泾阳与连云港和新沂台间的“日变幅差”ΔT_g（24）存在异常变化,异常出现时间都是震前150天和25天,新沂与连云港的“日变幅差”无异常。说明汶川8.0级的震磁效应,很可能在700 km内产生影响,但其影响范围尚无法达到1 500 km。表明小波分析可能是提取地震磁异常的一种有效方法。      

Luquillo Experimental Forest: Catchment science in the montane tropics

Catchments in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) of Puerto Rico are warm, wet and tropical with steep elevational relief creating gradients in temperature and rainfall. Long-term objectives of research at the site are to understand how changing climate and disturbance regimes alter hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the montane tropics and to provide information critical for managing and conserving tropical forest ecosystems globally. Measurements of hydrology and meteorology span decades, and currently include temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloud base level, throughfall, groundwater table elevation and stream discharge. The chemistry of rain, throughfall, and streams is measured weekly and lysimeters and wells are sampled monthly to quarterly. Multiple data sets document the effects of major hurricanes including Hugo (1989), Georges (1998) and Maria (2017) on vegetation, biota and catchment biogeochemistry and provide some of the longest available records of biogeochemical fluxes in tropical forests. Here we present an overview of the findings and the data sets that have been generated from the LEF, highlighting their importance for understanding montane tropical watersheds in the context of disturbance and global environmental change.     

An open web-based module developed to advance data-driven hydrologic process learning

The era of ‘big data’ promises to provide new hydrologic insights, and open web-based platforms are being developed and adopted by the hydrologic science community to harness these datasets and data services. This shift accompanies advances in hydrology education and the growth of web-based hydrology learning modules, but their capacity to utilize emerging open platforms and data services to enhance student learning through data-driven activities remains largely untapped. Given that generic equations may not easily translate into local or regional solutions, teaching students to explore how well models or equations work in particular settings or to answer specific problems using real data is essential. This article introduces an open web-based module developed to advance data-driven hydrologic process learning, targeting upper level undergraduate and early graduate students in hydrology and engineering. The module was developed and deployed on the HydroLearn open educational platform, which provides a formal pedagogical structure for developing effective problem-based learning activities. We found that data-driven learning activities utilizing collaborative open web platforms like CUAHSI HydroShare and JupyterHub to store and run computational notebooks allowed students to access and work with datasets for systems of personal interest and promoted critical evaluation of results and assumptions. Initial student feedback was generally positive, but also highlighted challenges including trouble-shooting and future-proofing difficulties and some resistance to programming and new software. Opportunities to further enhance hydrology learning include better articulating the benefits of coding and open web platforms upfront, incorporating additional user-support tools, and focusing methods and questions on implementing and adapting notebooks to explore fundamental processes rather than tools and syntax. The profound shift in the field of hydrology toward big data, open data services and reproducible research practices requires hydrology instructors to rethink traditional content delivery and focus instruction on harnessing these datasets and practices in the preparation of future hydrologists and engineers.     

套损检测新技术

介绍了套损检测的紧迫性和油田开发中的重要意义,从声波、井径、光学、电磁等方面论说了当前世界上如斯伦贝谢、哈利伯顿、阿特拉斯、松旦克斯及俄罗斯地球物理等公司研制的具有特色套损检测先进仪器,详细介绍了各种仪器原理、特点和技术指标,各种检测仪国内油田基本上有应用,而且引进了部分仪器.     

离心模型砂雨法制备技术研究与展望

砂雨法是开展砂质土层和构筑物离心试验应用广泛的模型制备技术,以密实程度与均匀性为关键控制对象,直接关系试验结果的准确性和可靠性。针对砂雨装置、控制要素和均匀度测试等几个方面,概况总结了国内外离心模型砂雨法制备技术的研究进展与暴露的关键问题,归纳了现有砂雨装置的基本组成、操控特点和分类方法,阐述了稳态密实度范围及影响关键因素。综述模型空间均匀度的不同量测与评价方法,评述了各自优缺点与归一化评价标准。综合现状与不足,讨论了离心模型砂雨法制备技术的发展方向与趋势。     

Microwave remote sensing of flood inundation

Flooding is one of the most costly natural disasters and thus mapping, modeling and forecasting flood events at various temporal and spatial scales is important for any flood risk mitigation plan, disaster relief services and the global (re-)insurance markets. Both computer models and observations (ground-based, airborne and Earth-orbiting) of flood processes and variables are of great value but the amount and quality of information available varies greatly with location, spatial scales and time. It is very well known that remote sensing of flooding, especially in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, can complement ground-based observations and be integrated with flood models to augment the amount of information available to end-users, decision-makers and scientists. This paper aims to provide a concise review of both the science and applications of microwave remote sensing of flood inundation, focusing mainly on synthetic aperture radar (SAR), in a variety of natural and man-made environments. Strengths and limitations are discussed and the paper will conclude with a brief account on perspectives and emerging technologies.     

颗粒阻尼技术及其在土木工程中的应用展望

介绍了国内外颗粒阻尼发展现状,比较了非阻塞性颗粒阻尼、柔性颗粒阻尼、带活塞振动颗粒阻尼的异同,按照颗粒阻尼的类型,系统地阐述了颗粒阻尼内部作用机理、常用计算模型、耗能影响因素等问题,指出其在应用中的诸多优点,及优于粘滞与机械阻尼的性能,验证了颗粒阻尼良好的工程应用前景与发展潜力。同时指出了现今理论模型、实际运用及设计中存在的一些问题与不足,对颗粒阻尼的研究与发展方向提出了建议。     

我国油气开发监测技术进展

文章介绍了油气开发中主要关心的油气藏、井场设备及套管的监测技术和运用效果,油气藏监测主要是剩余油和油藏储藏物性的监测,套损直接影响油、水井的使用寿命、油、气产量和注水效果,井场设备运行的好坏直接关系油、气产量和注水效果,输油（注水）管道泄漏造成资源的浪费、人身伤害和环境污染事故.通过地球物理、地球化学及油气藏工程等检测和监测技术认识油气藏流体分布、性质、运动状态,评价套管、管线及井场设备的健康状况,为油田优化开发方案的制定、管理及实施提供依据.     

Overstaying our welcome: On the rise of women's seniority in the academy

Issues surrounding gender equality are—and should be—front and centre in the water resources community, and other science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. Very necessarily, the focus tends to be on recruitment, offering support for students and early career academics. The leaky pipeline concept used to describe the incremental loss of women from STEM fields with career duration describes a disproportionate loss of senior women, creating a parallel problem where highly qualified, top tier academics are lost from the system after significant financial and personnel investment by institutions. Ultimately, the leaky pipeline undermines the extensive investment of the hydrology and other STEM communities in equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility (EDIA) recruitment and retention programmes by cutting short career ambitions and the trajectories of diverse top performing individuals, resulting in no net benefit of EDIA policy investments and a lack of diversity with seniority. Addressing this critical gender gap requires the attention and support of the hydrology community of practice with specific focus on generating opportunities for advancement, confronting systemic and structural biases and improving education around allyship. Institutions and professional organizations need to consciously grow diversity in leadership and recognize and outwardly manage the perception of academic excellence around slow research and education that attracts increased diversity. Supporting allyship, reducing competitiveness among community members and reinforcing collaboration will not only attract, but retain, a higher proportion of diversity in the hydrology community, academia and STEM professions in general. It is time for the water resources (and other STEM) communities to demand broader accountability and recognition of the barriers to women, implement and reward more diverse definitions of research excellence, and offer allyship training to the community of practice at large.     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene activity of the Atacazo–Ninahuilca Volcanic Complex (Ecuador)

The Atacazo–Ninahuilca Volcanic Complex (ANVC) is located in the Western Cordillera of Ecuador, 10 km southwest of Quito. At least six periods of Pleistocene to Holocene activity (N1 to N6) have been preserved in the geologic record as tephra fallouts and pyroclastic flow deposits. New field data, including petrographic and whole-rock geochemical analyses of over forty soil and tephra sections, 100 pumice and lithic samples, and 10 new ¹⁴C ages allow us to constrain: (1) the tephra fall isopachs and detailed characteristics of the last two events (N5–N6) including volume estimates of the tephra and pyroclastic flow deposits and the corresponding volcanic explosivity index (VEI); (2) the petrographical and geochemical correlations between domes, tephras, and pyroclastic flow deposits; and, (3) the timing of the last 4 eruptive events and a period of quiescence that endured a few thousand years (1000–4000).     

Meteorite paleomagnetism - From magnetic domains to planetary fields and core dynamos

Meteorites represent the earliest records of the evolution of the solar system, providing information on the conditions, processes and chronology for formation of first solids, planetesimals and differentiated bodies. Evidence on the nature of magnetic fields in the early solar system has been derived from chondritic meteorites. Chondrules, which are millimeter sized silicate spherules formed by rapid melting and cooling, have been shown to retain remanent magnetization records dating from the time of chondrule formation and accretion of planetesimals. Studies on different meteorite classes, including ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, have however provided contrasting results with wide ranges for protoplanetary disk magnetic fields. Developments on instrumentation and techniques for rock magnetic and paleointensity analyses are allowing increased precision. Micromagnetic and an array of geochemical, petrographic and electronic microscopy analyses provide unprecedented resolution, characterizing rock magnetic properties at magnetic domain scales. We review studies on chondrules from the Allende meteorite that reveal relationships among hysteresis parameters and physical properties. Coercivity, remanent and saturation remanence parameters correlate with chondrule size and density; in turn related to internal chondrule structure, mineralogy and morphology. Compound, fragmented and rimmed chondrules show distinct hysteresis properties, related to mineral composition and microstructures. The remanent magnetization record and paleointensity estimates derived from the Allende and other chondrites support remanent acquisition under influence of internal magnetic fields within parent planetesimals. Results support that rapid differentiation following formation of calcium-aluminum inclusions and chondrules gave rise to differentiated planetesimals with iron cores, capable of generating and sustaining dynamo action for million year periods. The Allende chondrite may have derived from a partly differentiated planetesimal which sustained an internal magnetic field.