GPS技术在像控测量中的应用

继阐述GPS技术已有方法在像控测量中的优缺点后,提出了应用非差相位精密单点定位技术进行像控测量的新方法。通过实例验证了此方法的可行性和高效性,并得出了一些对生产实际有益的结论。     

航天GPS接收机设计

航天GPS接收机为航天器提供航迹、姿态、时问和相对距离等导航信息，提高航天嚣运行的自主性。文中介绍了清华宇航中。航天GPS接收的硬件和软件设计，给出测试结果和分析。     

Accuracy assessment of GPS navigation augmented by SAR and LiDAR-derived Digital Elevation Models

Remotely sensed Digital Elevation Models (DEM) can be used to augment a standalone Global Positioning System (GPS) by adding an extra range observation which measures the distance to the Earth centre. This method so called height aiding can reduce the number of GPS satellites required to get a 3D position fix from four to three and hence improve the performance of the GPS navigation algorithm in terms of accuracy, reliability and availability. Up until now, the accuracy of height aided GPS navigation using higher resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived elevation data has not been fully evaluated in a broad spectrum of navigation scenarios. This article provides a robust and accurate analysis on how much range error is introduced by height aiding using 5 m spacing SAR and 1 m spacing LiDAR-derived DEMs under in-car and personal navigation situations. Based on the experimental results obtained from both dynamic and static tests, suggestions have been made on what level of vertical and positional accuracy can be achieved as well as the related DEM quality issues for navigation purposes.     

相对差分GPS精度分析

近年来,全球定位系统(GPS)以其精度高、速度快、经济方便等优点,在布设各种形式的控制网、变形监测及精密工程测量等诸多方面都得到迅速广泛的应用。但由于美国的SA和AS政策,使其精度下降,因此各国都在研究如何提高其精度,本文就此问题给出一些观点。     

Human genome behaviour: a powerful mechanism for optimizing the use of space technology in surveying networks design

An approach based on the behaviour of human genome is developed to efficiently provide a general framework for optimizing the use of space technology in surveying networks design. The developed approach attempts to apply the successful self-organizing principles based upon the biological evolution to artificial intelligence. It mimics the phenomena of natural selection observed in nature to achieve its goals by continuously adopting a population of candidate solutions and improving its performance over successive generations. The goal of adaptation is to find the best solution that optimizes the design of a surveying network based on the use of satellite observations. This network can be defined as a set of stations, co-ordinated by a series of sessions formed by placing receivers on the stations. The problem is to search for the best order for observing these sessions to give the best observation schedule at minimum cost. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the developed technique in term of solution quality and computational efforts. The Corresponding Author in formed me that his address is likely to change soon. Please contact me, leick@spatial.maine.edu for the latest on this change.     

GPS/INS组合导航系统抗差滤波器设计

常规Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波器已经广泛用于ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ组合导航系统,其中假设系统动态模型和噪声统计特性是精确已知的。事实上,这种假设是不符合实际情况的。在组合导航系统中,惯性测量器件的质量不稳定,ＧＰＳ测量误差受外界环境的影响,因而对组合导航系统进行抗差设计是十分必要的。本文利用对策论设计了能使不确定噪声下性能最好的极小极大抗差滤波器,并将其应用到ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ组合导航系统中。考虑一个ＩＯ状态的ＧＰＳ／     

北斗与GPS在桥梁变形监测中的对比分析

目前我国北斗导航系统已经完成第二阶段区域系统的建设,利用北斗导航定位技术进行桥梁变形监测是今后发展的必然趋势。本文分析了北斗定位技术在桥梁变形监测中的的优势,并与GPS定位技术作对比分析,结果表明:在监测区域内,北斗二号的可见卫星数要略多于GPS可见卫星数,卫星几何精度因子略低于GPS,数据质量与GPS相当,相对定位精度略优于GPS,平面定位精度在1~2 cm,水平定位精度在5~6 cm。     

GPS精密单点定位技术在像控测量中的应用

本文在分析了GPS相对定位及其RTK在像控中应用的优缺点后,提出了精密单点定位进行像控测量的方法。通过实例证明这种方案是完全可行的,并得出了一些对生产实际有益的结论。     

基于经验模态分解去噪提高GPS定位精度

在GPS精密定位中,多路径效应等无法建模的误差严重影响着定位结果的精度。这类误差不能通过传统的建模方式进行处理,也不能通过数据组合进行消除,更不能作为参数进行估计。因此本文基于经验模态分解提出一种数据驱动的噪声消除策略,将坐标时间序列分解为许多不同频率组成的时间序列,根据需要重构原始时间序列。并采用了仿真实验和实测数据验证所提出方法的有效性,结果显示所提出的方法可以有效的消除多路径效应等无法建模误差的影响。     

重力卫星星载GPS简化动力学精密定轨

利用GRACE和SWARM重力卫星星载GPS观测数据,基于简化动力学方法进行精密定轨,通过相位观测值残差分析、重叠轨道对比和科学轨道对比进行轨道精度检核。GRACE和SWARM卫星相位观测值残差RMS值稳定在6 mm左右,重叠轨道对比差值RMS在径向、切向和法向均优于1.24 cm;通过与GFZ和ESA提供的GRACE卫星与SWARM卫星精密轨道对比,GRACE卫星简化动力学轨道在R,T,N方向的轨道精度分别达到1.3 cm、2.1 cm和1.3 cm;SWARM卫星简化动力学轨道在径向、切向和法向的轨道精度分别达到0.8 cm、1.3 cm和1.6 cm。实验表明,基于简化动力学方法,GRACE和SWARM卫星定轨精度均到达厘米级。     

GPS滑坡监测系统在铁路桥桥墩稳定性监测中的应用

结合对铁路桥桥墩的实际监测应用,介绍了GPS滑坡监测系统的工作原理和性能特点,阐述了现场安装过程中的许多重点问题及其对监测效果的影响,并结合实际测量数据论证了该系统应用于滑坡监测的可行性和优势所在。     

GPS/BDS组合实时动态精密单点定位

针对常规模式下。单系统实时精密单点定位精度受接收机环境和可视卫星数量影响严重等问题,研究了GPS/BDS双系统实时精密单点定位,采用非差无电离层组合载波和伪距观测值,详细推论了Kalman滤波参数估计方法的基本原理,并利用其进行参数估计,最后通过IGS站和实测数据进行了实时PPP实验,实验表明:GPS/BDS双系统定位模式较GPS单系统有明显改善,在E、N、U方向收敛后RMS值分别达到0.125 m、0.117 m、0.289 m,较单系统在各方向分别改善了11.9%、18.1%、22.5%。证明了GPS/BDS实时PPP能够达到分米级到厘米级定位精度。     

TEQC软件对GPS数据质量的评定及软件界面的开发

本文主要介绍用于GPS数据转换、编辑和质量检查的共享软件TEQC(Translate／Edit／Quality Check)。作为例子，对一GPS数据进行质量检查。并针对TEQC软件人机交互性差的缺点，进行了软件界面程序的初步开发。     

基于高斯模型的样本缺失GPS时间序列重构方法

缺失样本的存在会造成GPS时间序列速度估计的不确定性,从而影响GPS时间序列的应用。针对该问题本文提出一种基于高斯模型的样本缺失GPS时间序列重构方法,首先利用高斯概率密度函数对GPS时间序列的先验分布进行建模,在此基础上构建全概率贝叶斯统计模型,采用期望最大(Expectation Maximization,EM)算法对模型参数(隐变量)进行迭代更新并计算其最大似然估计值,最终完成信号重构。分别对随机缺失和分段连续缺失两种情况进行实验分析,结果表明所提方法相对于传统插值方法可以获得更好的重构性能。     

Accurate absolute GPS positioning through satellite clock error estimation

 An algorithm for very accurate absolute positioning through Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite clock estimation has been developed. Using International GPS Service (IGS) precise orbits and measurements, GPS clock errors were estimated at 30-s intervals. Compared to values determined by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the agreement was at the level of about 0.1 ns (3 cm). The clock error estimates were then applied to an absolute positioning algorithm in both static and kinematic modes. For the static case, an IGS station was selected and the coordinates were estimated every 30 s. The estimated absolute position coordinates and the known values had a mean difference of up to 18 cm with standard deviation less than 2 cm. For the kinematic case, data obtained every second from a GPS buoy were tested and the result from the absolute positioning was compared to a differential GPS (DGPS) solution. The mean differences between the coordinates estimated by the two methods are less than 40 cm and the standard deviations are less than 25 cm. It was verified that this poorer standard deviation on 1-s position results is due to the clock error interpolation from 30-s estimates with Selective Availability (SA). After SA was turned off, higher-rate clock error estimates (such as 1 s) could be obtained by a simple interpolation with negligible corruption. Therefore, the proposed absolute positioning technique can be used to within a few centimeters' precision at any rate by estimating 30-s satellite clock errors and interpolating them. Received: 16 May 2000 / Accepted: 23 October 2000     

BDS/GPS动态RTK技术在超高层变形监测中的应用

随着我国北斗导航系统的发展,多系统组合在变形监测中的应用将是今后发展的趋势。为了监测超高层的变形趋势,本文利用BDS/GPS组合RTK技术对国内某超高层进行变形监测,经分析发现,BDS/GPS组合相比于单系统卫星可见数目增多,PDOP值减小,卫星空间分布得到改善,变形监测精度以及稳定性相比于单系统有了很大提高,能更精确的监测出超高层的变形趋势。     

基于改进BP神经网络的GPS高程拟合方法

BP神经网络用于GPS高程拟合时存在收敛速度慢,受初始值选取影响大和易陷入局部极大值的问题。本文提出一种改进的BP神经网络高程拟合方法,将模拟退火算法(Simulated Annealing,SA)引入BP神经网络模型,利用模拟退火算法的全局寻优能力对BP神经网络的初始值进行选择,同时优化神经网络的各层神经元之间的连接权值和阈值,提高BP神经网络拟合法的拟合精度、收敛速度和推广泛化能力。最后结合实际算例对所提方法的拟合性能进行验证,结果表明利用模拟退火算法改进的BP神经网络进行高程拟合是可行且有效的,拟合结果优于传统BP神经网络法。     

GPS技术在地球科学中的应用和展望

GPS(全球定位系统)能为全球提供高精度、全天候、连续、实时的三维定位、三维测速和时间基准。本文对它在地球科学中的应用和可能的发展作一扼要介绍。其中,包括了它在几何大地测量、物理大地测量、地球动力学、海洋大地测量、测时和授时、工程测量、导航等方面的应用及其展望。     

GPS车载导航系统技术趋势浅析

本文通过对GPS车载导航系统的构成及其国内外发展现状的分析,阐明了我国GPS车载导航系统将向信息终端融合化、交通信息实时化、信息服务平台化、数据更新网络化方向发展的技术趋势。     

黑龙江省位置服务中心建设与服务模式探讨

对黑龙江省位置服务现状进行了分析,提出了建立的黑龙江省位置服务中心的框架。位置服务中心的建立是以手机、PDA及各种移动手持终端定位服务、车辆监控等为主的服务体系,并通过WMS方式对外提供地图服务。文中对位置服务中心的设计理念、体系结构及服务模式进行了详细描述,并对其具体应用进行了探讨,最后对未来3G时代位置服务中心的应用前景进行了展望。