空间决策支持系统中模型库的生成及与GIS的紧密集成—以厦门市环境管理空间决策支持系统为例

以厦门市环境管理空间决策支持系统为例，首先构造了以地理信息系统为中心的环境空间决策支持系统体系结构新类型，进而在分析现有的模型库生成、组织的不足基础上，提出了从数学模型群组→模型体系→模型库的建模和模型库组织新方法。介绍了集成系统开发中模型库与GIS紧密集成方案，并完成运行系统在厦门市大气污染物扩散模拟与总量控制中的应用。     

基于混合系统架构的GIS设计——以新疆南疆地下水资源管理系统为例

地理信息系统在以浏览器为客户端的WebGIS方向发展中必然会遇到交互性能与响应速度问题。本文在采用互联网GIS的前提下,讨论B/S和C/S体系的优劣及在GIS中混合应用的可能性,以此来平衡客户端硬件和服务器的压力,解决大型模型运算时响应速度与计算速度的矛盾,并以新疆南疆地下水资源管理系统为例进行研究。     

空间辅助决策支持系统的应用模型及管理研究

应用建模是空间辅助决策支持系统有效管理和使用模型的基础。本文抽象了空间辅助决策应用模型的组成结构和建立过程,分析了空间辅助决策应用模型的特点;接着分基础空间模型库、基础非空间模型库、应用模型库、模型管理库四部分探讨了空间决策支持系统中应用模型的管理,最后给出了相应的建设性结果。     

遥感技术在基岩山区地下水勘查中的应用——以太行山区为例

本文在分析工作区水文地质条件的基础上,应用遥感技术从基础图像制作、岩性及水系等专题信息提取、岩层产状判定、构造解译及力学性质分析等多个方面对基岩山区地下水进行勘查研究,最终在重点工作区圈定3个富水靶区,并结合野外勘查对结果的正确性进行了验证.实践证明,利用遥感技术在基岩山区进行地下水勘查,能够为快速、有效地寻找地下水资源提供技术支持,减少基岩山区地下永勘查中的盲目性,对改变基岩山区严重缺水状况有重要的社会经济意义.     

基于GIS的城市绿化管理系统的研究——以江门市为例

针对城市规划环境问题的现状,我们利用GIS强大的空间分析功能和技术特点,对城市的土地利用规划、城市地貌、城市整体绿化状况、城市工业环境和居民环境进行系统性分析与统计,它设计了基本操作、区域设计、整体规划、和绿化管理四大功能模块,来模拟城市规划、绿化与绿化管理中的动态性变化,实现科学化监测并高效管理。     

山区遥感图像自动分类研究——以西南地区为例(英文)

In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the a...     

基于台区管理模式的路灯行业系统模型研究——以南京市路灯管理GIS系统为例

本文在南京市路灯管理GIS系统开发的基础上．提出了一种适合于路灯行业的设备设施管理模式——台区管理模式，并按照该模式构建台区数据模型，分析利用该数据模型的优越性。同时也展示了台区数据模型在路灯系统中的具体应用。     

HydrIS: An open source GIS decision support system for groundwater management (Morocco)

A regional groundwater management system has been elaborated, integrating Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and various web services. It consists of web geospatial application so-called HydrIS (Hydrogeological Information System) based on Open Source components and technologies, leading to a feasible and low-cost solution. Therefore, HydrIS permits delivery of data from a number of heterogeneous sources to standards supported by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The protocols used for exchanging data are also derived from OGC standards, i.e., WMS (Web Mapping Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), and WCS (Web Coverage Service). Finally, a geoportal was developed, which consists of client-applications that communicate with different Web Services (WMS, WCS, and WFS) through http-requests.     

A prototype web-based analysis platform for drought monitoring and early warning

ABSTRACT

It has long been recognized that an effective drought monitoring and early warning system, which provides functions for real-time condition monitoring and prediction, risk assessment, information dissemination and response recommendation, is very important for the preparedness for and mitigation of drought impacts. In this article, we review the currently existing drought monitor and early warning systems, discuss applicable remote sensing datasets and drought indicators and present the development of a web-based quasi-real-time Global Drought Monitoring & Analysis Platform (Web-GDMAP). The Web-GDMAP is built upon a series of indicators derived from multi-source satellite remote sensing data and various other sources of data. From a technical perspective, the Web-GDMAP system includes a series of components from data storage, model implementation and distribution, to client-side visualization and user intuitive interaction. From a theoretical perspective, the Web-GDMAP system integrates multi-indicators on different aspects of drought, including anomalies in precipitation, anomalies in land surface thermal and vegetation conditions, water deficit of soil and plants, etc. Several case studies on applying the developed Web-GDMAP in the Asian region are demonstrated. Further improvements and perspectives are discussed.     

Geospatial web services pave new ways for server-based on-demand access and processing of Big Earth Data

ABSTRACT

Big Earth Data has experienced a considerable increase in volume in recent years due to improved sensing technologies and improvement of numerical-weather prediction models. The traditional geospatial data analysis workflow hinders the use of large volumes of geospatial data due to limited disc space and computing capacity. Geospatial web service technologies bring new opportunities to access large volumes of Big Earth Data via the Internet and to process them at server-side. Four practical examples are presented from the marine, climate, planetary and earth observation science communities to show how the standard interface Web Coverage Service and its processing extension can be integrated into the traditional geospatial data workflow. Web service technologies offer a time- and cost-effective way to access multi-dimensional data in a user-tailored format and allow for rapid application development or time-series extraction. Data transport is minimised and enhanced processing capabilities are offered. More research is required to investigate web service implementations in an operational mode and large data centres have to become more progressive towards the adoption of geo-data standard interfaces. At the same time, data users have to become aware of the advantages of web services and be trained how to benefit from them most.     

Free and open source software for geospatial applications (FOSS4G) to support Future Earth

ABSTRACT

The development, integration, and distribution of the information and spatial data infrastructure (i.e. Digital Earth; DE) necessary to support the vision and goals of Future Earth (FE) will occur in a distributed fashion, in very diverse technological, institutional, socio-cultural, and economic contexts around the world. This complex context and ambitious goals require bringing to bear not only the best minds, but also the best science and technologies available. Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Applications (FOSS4G) offers mature, capable and reliable software to contribute to the creation of this infrastructure. In this paper we point to a selected set of some of the most mature and reliable FOSS4G solutions that can be used to develop the functionality required as part of DE and FE. We provide examples of large-scale, sophisticated, mission-critical applications of each software to illustrate their power and capabilities in systems where they perform roles or functionality similar to the ones they could perform as part of DE and FE. We provide information and resources to assist the readers in carrying out their own assessments to select the best FOSS4G solutions for their particular contexts and system development needs.     

Water-poverty relationships in the coastal town of Mbour (Senegal): Relevance of GIS for decision support

Coastal area is always a zone with complex problems. Due to the attraction they exert, are facing many social problems. Therefore, a coastal city is usually a city with problems. Its extension, caused by the influx of people from different backgrounds, creates an increased demand for services. One of the problems frequently encountered, especially in Senegal, is access to water. The problem of access to water is poorly treated, without being correlated with the urban evolution, i.e. with increasing population and demand growth. The water resource is facing numerous complications such as the lack of integrated management, integration issues at the governance level, where the local factor is often forgotten.The town of Mbour, object of our study, does not come out of that lot, being an attractive coastal city, from an African country. This indicates the need for an integrated management oriented from local to a global basis and not vice versa. The study presented in this paper indicates that a large proportion of the population has not access to a verified drinking water system and uses water from wells or standpipes. Half of the surveyed population (50%) has no access to a water supply system. The water poverty map of the town overlaps with that of the general poverty excepting few neighborhoods. This means that even areas that are not affected by poverty have a very low or poor access to water, which so far remains the perverse effect of the reform of the Senegalese water sector in 1995.     

GIS- and RS-based spatial decision support: structure of a spatial environmental information system (SEIS)

Abstract

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management, e.g. forest and agroecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, or hydrological planning, started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s. The combined availability of spatial data and communication, computing, positioning, geographic information system (GIS)- and remote sensing (RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s. The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources, and therefore ecosystems in general, requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database. Spatial data on topography, soil, climate, land use, hydrology, flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available. Therefore, GIS- and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis. In this context, the structure of spatial environmental information systems (SEIS) is introduced. In SEIS, the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven sub-information systems: base geodata information system (BGDIS), climate information system (CIS), soil information system (SIS), land use information system (LUIS), hydrological information system (HIS), spatial/temporal biodiversity information system (STBIS), forest/agricultural management information system (FAMIS). The major tasks of a SEIS are to (i) provide environmental resource information on a regional level, (ii) analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and (iii) simulate scenarios of different impacts.     

基于GIS的公共卫生应急防疫系统的设计与开发——以湖南省长沙市为例

本文在对公共卫生应急防疫管理的需求分析、体系结构、系统功能等详细研究的基础上,以湖南省长沙市为例进行系统的设计与开发,实现了地图的基本操作、数据管理、信息服务、疫情分析和应急管理等功能。     

GIS Web Services技术在地下水取水许可管理系统中的应用

主要以地下水取水许可管理系统为例研究和探讨了基于GISWebServices的分布式电子政务系统的设计与实现。该电子政务系统具有和GIS系统无缝集成的优点,可以实现跨平台和异构系统无缝集成,实现了分布式计算。     

引资发展环境指标与地理信息系统的结合——中国两大外向型经济区域引资发展环境统计指标图示

招商、引资、发展是过去20年来巾国长江三角洲城市与珠江三角洲城市经济增长的一个主要策略,尤其是长、珠三角地区的经济发展上是一个主要的动力.以地理信息系统(GIS)的平台,呈现经过经济与管理实证的"引资环境"指标,就是一个相当有效的方法.文章报告<中国两大外向型经济区域引资发展环境统计指标图示集>的内容及如何进一步利用地理信息系统的想法.