河南毛塘、蒲塘金矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

毛堂金矿和蒲塘金矿为两个产在花岗斑岩－爆破角砾岩筒中的斑岩－爆破角砾岩型复合矿床，二者成矿地质条件和成矿特征相似，矿化与流体沸腾，隐爆，稀释作用有关。通过流体包裹体地球化学研究和野外地质观察，探讨了这两个矿床的成矿物理化学条件和成岩成矿中的流体演化过程。     

五圩多金属矿田包裹体地球化学特征研究

大量包裹体研究表明，五圩多金属矿田属中－低温热液成因，热液来自局部动热变质作用产生的变质热液和部分岩热液的混合，矿床分带性明显，并具多阶段矿化特征，窨 上自矿化中心向外，时间上从早至晚，不仅包裹体特点有变化，而且温度、压力、含盐度、成分、氧速度、ＣＯ２逸度等方面也有逐渐降低的变化规律。ＣＯ２包裹体大量出现和高比值ＣＯ２／Ｈ２Ｏ可作为直接的找矿标志。     

粤西茶洞银金矿床矿物流体包裹体地球化学研究

茶洞矿床是粤西地区一个较为典型的蚀变破碎带型多金属矿床。矿物流体包裹体研究表明：该矿床成矿温度160～341℃，成矿压力2．7×106～2．43×107Pa，流体盐度（4．1～15．9）wt％NaCl，流体密度0．880～0．942g／cm3，fCO2为103.7～10.4.3，fs2为10－14.50～10-11.67，fO2为10-45.0～10－35.1，成矿从早至晚均逐渐降低；成矿流体pH值为4．70～7．07，Eh值为－0．65～－1．15，该矿床形成于弱酸性一中性，强还原的物理化学环境；成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合热液，成矿早阶段以岩浆水为主，到成矿晚阶段，大气降水逐渐增多。     

小秦岭东闯铅,金矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

东闯铅，金矿床是一大型石英脉型矿床，依据实际的观察，测试结果，论述了矿床的矿物充体包裹体地球化学特征，认为成矿溶液为Ｈ２Ｏ－ＣＯ２－ＮａＣｌ体系，富含Ｈ２，Ｎ２，ＣＯ，ＮＨ３，Ｈ２Ｓ，ＣＨ４及其他烃类气体，矿液呈弱酸性一弱碱性，还原条件，氧逸度低，温度高，矿液进入断裂扩容部位后发生的不混现象对矿质的沉淀有着重要影响，是一高温深成热液矿床。     

金顶铅锌矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

金顶超大型铅锌矿床主要工业矿体形成于热卤水成矿期。本文通过对流体包裹体的温度、压力、盐度、密度、成分、氢氧同位素及流体性质等地球化学研究表明，金顶矿床具有浅成中－低温、中－低盐度矿化的特点，成矿流体源于沉积盆地热卤水和古大气降水的混合，部分源于深部，从热卤水矿化的早期到晚期，随着古大气降水的加入，流体的Ｔ，ｐ，Ｓ，δ＾１８Ｏ，δＤ，ｆｏ２，ｆｃｏ２，ｆｓ２均具降低趋势，而ＰＨ，Ｅｈ值略有增大。     

西天山阿希金矿流体包裹体研究

西天山阿希金矿含金石英脉仙流体包裹体粒度细小,形态多样,以单一液相为主。化学成分上属Ｋ＾＋（Ｎａ＾＋）－ＳＯ４＾２－（Ｃｌ＾－）型,其中阳离子成分以Ｋ＾＋为主,Ｎａ＾＋次之;阴离子成分以ＳＯ４＾２－为主,Ｃｌ＾－次之;气相成分以Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ为主,富含Ｏ２、Ｎ２等气候,还原性气体（Ｈ２、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ等）含量亦较高。成矿作用发生于浅成（３００￣９００ｍ）、低温（１２０￣１８０℃）和较封闭的还原环境。成     

广东长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学研究

通过长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及氢氧硫碳同位素的研究，表明金矿体与银矿体在空间上虽存在分带性，但成矿的物质来源和成矿热液来源是相同的。金银矿床的形成，成矿温度为２５０℃，Ｌｏｇｆｏ２为－３８～－３７，ｐＨ为４．０～５．６，硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值为－６．６‰～８．８‰；成矿热液水的δ１８Ｏ值和δＤ值分别为－７．８‰～９．０‰和－８０‰～－４３‰；金银矿石Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为１３３×１０６ａ～１３７×１０６ａ。因此，金银矿床的形成为燕山期岩浆活动提供热源，使大气降水在地层中循环淋滤，带出地层中成矿物质，并在容矿构造中沉淀形成矿床。     

Geology and inclusion studies on the genesis of the Baolun gold deposit in Hainan Province,South China

The late Triassic Baolun gold deposit hosted by Silurian phyllites is a large‐scale high‐grade gold deposit in Hainan Island, South China. The ores can be classified into quartz‐vein dominated type and less altered rock type. Three mineralization stages were recognized by mineral assemblages. The early stage, as the most important mineralization stage, is characterized by a quartz–native gold assemblage. The muscovite?quartz?pyrite?native gold assemblage is related to the intermedium mineralization stage. In late mineralization stage, native gold and Bi‐bearing minerals are paragenetic minerals. Microthermometry analyses show that the early mineralization stage is characterized by two types of fluid inclusions, including CO₂‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and aqueous inclusions (W‐type). C‐type inclusions homogenize at 276–335°C with an averaged value of 306°C and have salinities of 1.0–10.0 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent). W‐type inclusions homogenize at 252–301°C (mean value of 278°C) with salinity of 4.0–9.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.4 wt% NaCl equivalent). In intermedium mineralization stage, C‐type and W‐type inclusions homogenize at 228–320°C (mean value of 283°C) and 178–296°C (mean value of 241°C), with salinities of 2.4–9.9 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 6.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) and 3.7–11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent), respectively. No suitable mineral, such as quartz or calcite, was found for fluid inclusion study from late mineralization stage. In contrast, only aqueous inclusions were found from post‐ore barren veins, which yielded lower homogenization temperatures ranging from 168–241°C (mean value of 195°C) and similar salinities (2.6–12.6 wt% NaCl equivalent with averaged value of 7.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). The different homogenization temperatures and similar salinities of C‐type and W‐type from each mineralization stage indicate that fluid immiscibility and boiling occurred. The Baolun gold deposit was precipitated from a CO₂‐bearing mesothermal fluid, and formed at a syn‐collision environment following the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys.     

海南土外山金矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

土外山金矿位于海南西部戈枕含金剪切带的最北东段,属于破碎蚀变岩型金矿,矿体主要分布在剪切带下盘的混合岩中。流体包裹体的研究表明,该矿床的原生包裹体主要以气液包裹体为主,含CO2包裹体较少,成矿流体属于NaCl- H2O型热液体系;早、中、晚三个成矿阶段的均一温度范围分别为240～320℃,210～260℃,180～240℃,盐度w（NaCleq）分别范围为8%～10%,4%～8%,3%～8%,具有中低温、低盐度特点。氢氧同位素测试表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水、大气降水的混合。成矿流体在演化过程中不断有大气降水的加入,导致成矿温度和盐度呈规律下降。     

Fluid Inclusion Studies of Gold Deposits in the Gezhen Shear Zone,Hainan Province,China

The Tuwaishan, Baoban, Erjia, Bumo and other gold deposits in western Hainan occur in Precambrian metamorphic clastic rocks and are structurally controlled by the Gezhen shear zone. Fluid inclusion studies have been carried out of the gold deposits mentioned above. The homogenization temperatures of the whole fluid inclusion population range from 140°C to 370°C, indicating that gold was precipitated mainly at 240–250°C. The salinities are within the range of 2.0–9.2 wt% NaCl equiv. and the pressure of formation of the deposits was estimated at about 270×10⁵−500×10⁵Pa, corresponding to a depth of about 1.1–2.0 km under lithostatic confinement. Chemical studies show that the ore fluid is of the Na⁺(K⁺)-Ca²⁺-Cl⁻(F⁻) type. Theδ ¹⁸O andδD values of the fluid vary from −2.7‰- +4.4‰ and −50‰–−87‰ Evidence developed from fluid inclusions and geological setting indicates that the ore fluid was a mixture of magmatic and meteoric-hydrothermal waters. Changes in chemical composition andδ ¹⁸O andδD of fluid inclusions from one ore field to another seem to be related with regional tectonism, metamorphism and magmatism.     

海南抱板金矿铅同位素化探评价

通过对海南抱板金矿几个切穿矿脉剖面的矿石和围岩的铅同位素组成分析。发现铅同位素组成与矿的产出具有相关关系。铅同位素的异常可能反映了成矿物质来源深度的差异，据此可进行铅同位素化探评价，提出了“正异常以深部找矿为主。负异常注意扩大横向找矿”的原则，土外山地区是地表的浅层金矿化，而二甲，北牛为深源金矿化，在土外山地区深部应可能找到对应于二甲，北牛的深源金矿化层。     

山东玲珑金矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

玲珑金矿位于胶东半岛招．掖成矿带东部,是我国典型的超大型含金石英脉型金矿。成矿过程可划分为早、中、晚三个阶段,金主要在中阶段沉淀。早阶段流体包裹体为纯CO2型（LCO2＋VCO2〉90％）和富CO2型（10％≤LCO2＋VCO2≤90％）,中阶段为纯CO2型、富CO2型、富H2O型,晚阶段为水溶液包裹体。从早到晚,包裹体均一温度分别集中在240℃～360℃、220℃-360℃、180℃-260℃和80℃-180℃,盐度分别集中在3．4％-10．4％、3．0％-10．2％、4．0％-14．6％和2．4％-5．0％NaCleqv;早、中阶段流体盐度随温度降低而升高。中阶段第一世代石英中大量水溶液包裹体和富CO2包裹体共生,指示流体强烈沸腾。从早到晚,流体包裹体的变化记录了成矿流体性质和构造环境的演化。早阶段石英中沿X型节理发育面型包裹体群,既记录了石英脉遭受的剪切变形事件,又记录了同构造流体作用。而充填于张性裂隙的黄铁矿为主的多金属硫化物．石英组合则表明主成矿期构造环境由压性向张性转化,成矿流体系统减压沸腾、逐步开放,并导致金等成矿物质大量沉淀。结合区域构造演化和成矿时间,认为玲珑金矿成矿系统发育在应力场由挤压向伸展转换的构造背景,流体压力变化滞后于构造应力场变化,流体成分以低盐度、富CO2为特征,应属典型的造山型金矿系统。     

海南西南部抱伦金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素特征

抱伦金矿床的石英和方解石中的包裹体以气液包裹体为主,石英中舍大量CO2包裹体。成矿流体属Na（K）-Cl型。气相成分CH4、C2H6、H2S、O2、N2和心的含量反映属弱还原环境。液相成分中阴、阳离子分别以Cl^-、Na^＋为主,舍少量CO4^2-、F^-,Mg^2＋和Ca^2＋。Au在成矿流体中以AuCl2^-和Au（HS）2^-络合物的形式迁移。均一温度主要为160-350℃,属中温范畴。流体水的δ^18O和δD值分别为-3．4‰-＋9．8‰和-61‰-30‰,其来源主要为岩浆水与大气降水。石英的δ^18O值（＋10．4‰-＋15．5‰）与华南陆壳型花岗岩成因的钨、锡、稀有、稀土金属矿床一致。CO2和黄铁矿的C、S同位素反映C和S以花岗岩浆来源为主,少量来自志留系或更老的地层。综合分析认为矿床成因与印支期花岗质岩浆活动有关。     

Application of Lead Isotopes to Geochemical Exploration of Gold Deposits in Baoban , Hainan Province, China

Lead isotopes have been widely applied in geochemical exploration and evaluation of ore deposits, as well as in ascertaining the age of mineralization and the source of ore fluids.Long-term practice showed that the method of lead isotope targeting is somewhat efficient for macroscopic evaluation of forecasting areas, but not powerful enough for for ecasting concealed orebodies. As the contents of U and the variation of U/Pb ratio sharply decrease with depth in the lithosphere, U-Th-Pb isotopic differentiation must have occurred during the crust-mantle e-volution. Lead isotopic ratios show a wide variation range, varying in the front of mineralizationand shallow-derived ores, but maintaining very stable in the major orebody and being usuallyclose to the average isotopic composition of the crust and mantle of the continent block fromwhich the ores were derived. Therefore, the lead isotopic composition can serve as a measure for identifying the position of mineralization. The lead isotope geochemistry was applied to the ex-ploration and evaluation of the Baoban gold deposits of Hainan Province, China. The an alyticalresults of ore veins and adjacent rocks showed that there is a correlation between the lead isotopedata and the position of orebody. Based on the experience from the Baoban gold deposits and other ore deposits in Yunnan Province, an exploration principle has been established, that is,positive anomalies of lead isotope eigenvectors for prospecting deep-seated orebodies and nega-tive anomalies of eigenvectors for enlarging lateral exploration surrounding the known deposit.The ore beds in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts should be as signed to the deep part of the orebody and those in the Tuwaishan mining district should be the shallow part, so ore beds cor-responding to those in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts may be found in the Tuwaishan min-ing district.     

Structural analysis of the Baolun gold deposit,Hainan Island,South China: Implications for metallogeny

The Baolun gold deposit is a mesothermal orogenic gold deposit located in the southwestern part of Hainan Island, South China. The deposit comprises a series of NNW-trending quartz-sulfide lodes situated within a parallel array of fault zones traversing a sequence of variably foliated flysch siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Silurian. Detailed field mapping documented at least five phases of deformation in the deposit including NNW-trending folding of the Lower Silurian rocks (D1), development of NNW-trending, steeply dipping ductile shear zones with an oblique dextral sense corresponding to NNE-SSW shortening (D2), WNW-ESE shortening and extension associated with an early oblique sinistral ductile shearing along the NNW-trending fault zones (D3), ENE-WSW shortening (D4), and near N-S extension (D5). The gold-bearing quartz lodes cut the strata folded in the D1, show some laminar layering related to ductile shear in the D2 and are overprinted by brittle structures formed in the D3 to D5. ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating on muscovite from an auriferous quartz lode yielded an age of 242 ± 2.5 Ma, which, together with the age of 232 ± 2.5 Ma for an aplite vein in the deposit, suggests that the mineralization may be related to a tectono-thermal event in the Triassic. In the context of the southern South China plate tectonics, the formation of the Baolun gold deposit is interpreted to be related to the oblique dextral ductile shearing (D2) along the NNW-trending fault zones during the Indosinian orogeny, in relation to the convergence between the Indochina and South China plates.     

额尔古纳成矿带西北部金矿床流体包裹体研究

额尔古纳成矿带是中国东北重要的银、铅、锌、铜、钼多金属成矿带,它位于蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带的东南缘。最近,额尔古纳成矿带西北部发现了砂宝斯、老沟、小伊诺盖沟等金矿床和一些金矿点。这些金矿受洛古河-二根河韧性剪切带和额尔古纳河韧性剪切带控制,矿体常赋存于韧性剪切带的次级张扭性断裂构造中。矿石中硫化物含量一般不超过3％,且硫化物以黄铁矿为主。流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO2三相和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。气相成分以H2O、CO2和N2为主,含少量H,S、CH4为特征。流体包裹体的盐度低,介于2.06～8、54％NaCleqv之间。老沟金矿流体包裹体均一温度介于171℃～452℃之间,平均295℃,小伊诺盖淘金矿包裹体均一温度为169℃～493℃,平均亦为295℃,均属中温热液矿床。老淘金矿成矿压力为61～122MPa,平均82MPa;小伊诺盖沟金矿成矿压力为38～172MPa,平均93MPa。前者成矿深度介于6～9km,平均7km;后者成矿深度为4～11km,平均8km。上述金矿床的地质-地球化学特征与世界造山型金矿类似,形成于蒙古-中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的陆-陆碰撞造山作用。     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.