Study on spatial and temporal distribution of planktonic amphipoda in the East China Sea

Quantitative distribution of planktonic amphipoda in the East China Sea is analyzed and the relation with environmental factors and mackerel and scad fishing grounds is studied. The result shows that the characteristic of biomass is great seasonal and interannual variety during the passing three decades. The distribution of planktonic amphipoda basically reflects the movement, decay and intensification of the different water systems in the survey area.     

东海浮游端足类数量的时空分布特征

分析了东海端足类数量分布的时空变化,并就其与环境因素及鲐鯵渔场的关系进行了初步探讨,结果显示本区端足类数量季节变化和年际变化显著,其分布状况与黄海冷水、江浙沿岸流、台湾暖流以及黑潮在本区运动消长有关,与鲐鯵渔场分布有着密切关系.     

南海北部表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫分布特征与环境意义

对南海北部12°以北海域表层沉积物中的浮游有孔虫丰度、属种数量与组合、碳酸盐含量以及硅质生物相对丰度等进行了分析和鉴定,结果表明:随水深的增加,浮游有孔虫的丰度降低、属种数量减少,碳酸盐含量降低,硅质生物相对丰度升高,浮游有孔虫优势种由易溶种转变为抗溶种。浮游有孔虫以及碳酸盐含量等的这些变化与深海碳酸盐的溶解作用密切相关,同时,浊流沉积作用和水团等环境因素也是影响浮游有孔虫丰度与组合以及碳酸盐含量变化的重要因子。     

黄、东海陆架2011年秋季活体浮游有孔虫生态分布

现代活体浮游有孔虫的生态研究是其古环境重建应用的重要基础。根据黄、东海陆架2011年秋季采集的20个垂直浮游拖网样品,分析了该海域浮游有孔虫的秋季生态分布特征。结果表明,黄海秋季基本上没有浮游有孔虫的出现。东海共发现13种活体浮游有孔虫,主要优势属种依次为Globigerinoides sacculifer、Pulleniatina obliquiloculata、Globigerina bulloides、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Globigerinoides ruber。浮游有孔虫丰度整体上呈现东南高,西北低的分布格局,这种分布格局反映了浮游有孔虫在黄、东海陆架区的分布主要受外海水影响强弱控制。浮游有孔虫主要属种在东海陆架呈现明显的区域分布差异:暖水种G. sacculifer是秋季陆架海区的主要优势种,其分布格局与总丰度基本一致,相对含量从南至北、从东至西逐渐降低,主要受区域表层海水温度变化的控制。G. bulloides与G. sacculifer呈相反的含量分布变化,其高含量主要出现在东海中陆架,从北往南逐渐降低,此外,在闽浙沿岸也有较高含量,表明了温度和生产力是影响G. bulloides在黄、东海陆架分布的主要因素。秋季P. obliquiloculata和N. dutertrei的高含量主要出现在东海南部中陆架区和济州岛西南黄海暖流影响区,可能受暖水与生产力的共同制约。     

在IONESS系统中浮游介形类的昼夜垂直移动

根据IONESS系统对浮游动物的分层采样结果,研究浮游介形动物的昼夜垂直移动.浮游介形类存在着整个类群的昼夜垂直移动,白天其丰度最大值记录于200～300m层,并往上层水域递减,而夜间则明显往上层密集,丰度最大值提升至50～100m层;就物种多样性而言,由于工作水层(0～1000m)以深水层的众多种类于夜间上升至1000m以浅水层,导致工作水层内总种数由白天的49种剧增至夜间的78种,增幅达60%,各分层的种类数都有较明显的增加,750～1000m层的增幅最大,达150%,其次为50～100m层(增幅达125%);各种浮游介形类有不同的昼夜垂直移动模式,但绝大多数种类属于夜间上升型,少数种类属于不敏感类型,极少数种类却具夜间下降的移动特点.浮游介形类虽具明显的昼夜垂直移动,但这一变动往往局限于一定水深范围,从而反映出介形类的层状分布特点,可划分为广深分布型、上层分布型、中层分布型和下层分布型.     

Distributional characteristics of planktonic Amphipoda (Hyperiidea) in the South Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｃ　Ａｍｐｈｉｐｏｄａ（Ｈｙｐｅｒｉｉｄｅａ）　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｓｏｕｔｈ　Ｈｕａｎｇｈａｉ　Ｓｅａ　ａｎｄ　Ｅａｓｔ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ＳｅａＬｉｎＪｉｎｇｈｏｎｇａｎｄ...     

闽江口浮游桡足类生态研究

１９９０年５月至１９９１年１月对闽江口进行了调查，共鉴定浮游桡足类３７种，其中近岸类群的种类最多，河口种的数量占优势，并制约了桡足类总量的季节变化。数量密集区主要出现在调查区西部的岛屿及近岸水域，东部近岸水域的种类较西部丰富。多样性的分布趋势为由河口向海洋愈趋稳定。暖温带种虫肢歪水蚤和暖水种右突歪水蚤等分别在闽江口区和九龙江口区的分布，似可指示闽江口区的暖水性生态略弱于九龙江口区。     

冲绳海槽南部表层沉积中的浮游有孔虫及其地质意义

对冲绳海槽南部53个表层沉积样品中大于0.154mm的浮游有孔虫进行系统鉴定和定量统计,并采用Q型因子分析,求得浮游有孔虫各属种和组合的分布特征:N.Dutertei－p.Obliquiloculata组合主要分布在离大陆和台湾岛较近的地方,而G.Glutinata－G.Ruber组合则主要分布在冲绳海槽的中央及靠琉球岛的一侧,且发现浮游有孔虫丰度、属种组合和碎壳率等的分布和变化主要受控于水深、碳酸盐溶跃层、温跃层以及水团等各类环境因子.     

印度洋浮游生态系统的特点及其对全球变暖的响应

与太平洋和大西洋相比,印度洋有独特的季风和洋流系统和由此驱动的浮游生物分布及生产规律.在全球变暖的背景下,印度洋的变暖趋势比太平洋和大西洋更为显著,是研究变暖对海洋浮游生态系统影响的热点海区之一.文章结合国内外文献,评述印度洋浮游生态系统的现状、特点及对全球变暖的响应,包括印度洋的浮游生物地理分布、南北印度洋浮游生态系...     

南海南部活体浮游有孔虫分布特征及其影响因素初探

通过对2002年5月采自南海南部海区11个站位20个垂直分层浮游拖网样品的浮游有孔虫组成和分布特征的初步分析,发现该区表层水体中浮游有孔虫分布广泛,共鉴定属种20种,以热带暖水种占绝对优势,广适应性冷水种有零星出现。深水种Globorotalia menardii在南海南部50 m水层中广泛出现,但壳体相对较小,壳壁较薄。该区0—50m水层活体浮游有孔虫丰度范围为(6 138—64 174)枚.1 000 m-3海水,大致呈西高东低的分布趋势,在西南部浅水区和西北部上升流区丰度最高,与表层水体的营养水平密切相关。将水样浮游有孔虫分布数据与该海区23个站位表层沉积样数据进行对比分析,发现遗壳浮游有孔虫与活体的分布关系密切,虽然在种属丰度以及分布范围等方面有明显差异,但两者具有相似的优势种组合。主要差异在于水体中浮游有孔虫优势种相对丰度差异较大,易溶种Hastigerina pelagica含量较高,而遗壳中浮游有孔虫各种属分布趋向于均匀化。此外,陆源物质的释稀作用对沉积物中的有孔虫丰度分布有明显的控制作用。     

中国近海浮游介形类大尺度生态研究Ⅰ.浮游介形类的丰度及其变动规律

以中国近海为一研究单元,从总体水平上分析浮游介形类的数量变动规律,阐述不同季节个体密度的差异并进行地理上的比较.此外,揭示了浮游介形类平面分布的特点,指出除汕头邻近水域外,其余沿岸区为丰度贫乏区,200m等深线以深海域为低量值的均匀分布区,50～200m等深线之间海域的数量明显增加,同时表明中国近海终年存在3个数量密集区.     

Distribution of planktonic copepods in the Kuroshio area of the East Chine Sea to the southwest of Kyushu in Japan

The materials were obtained from the survey conducted in the Kuroshio area of the East China Sea to the Southwest of Kyushu in Japan (29°30'-32°00', 128°00'-130°'00'E) on board the R. V. Yoko Maru of Seikai Regional Fisheries Lab, Fisheries Agency, Japan in June 15~28, 1988 during China-Japan Joint Research on the Kuroshio. Zoo-plankton was collected by means of the North Pacific Net with model TSK flowmeter through vertical haul from 50 -Om. Temperature and salinity were measured with CTD. 134 species (including 4 spp. ) of planktonic copepods were preliminarily identified in the survey area. Most of them belonged to the tropical and subtropical species and a few of them were the warm-temperate species and eurytopic species. The main dominant species vteieOncaea venusta, Oithona plumifera, Clausocalanus furcatus, C. Arcuicornis, Paracaianus dculeatus, Oithona similis, Temara turbinata, Oncaea media, Undinula danvinii, Acartia negligent, Corycaeus speciosus, Scolecithrix danae, etc. The total number     

南海西北部夏冬季浮游介形类的分布及其影响因素

海洋浮游介形类(Ostracods)是一类分布较广的小型甲壳动物, 在海洋碳循环中起重要作用。目前国内海洋浮游动物采样常使用505μm网目孔径的浮游生物网, 从而导致个体较小的介形类被忽略。文章根据2006年7—8月(夏季)和2006年12月—2007年1月(冬季)在南海西北部海域分别使用网目孔径为505μm和160μm浮游生物网采集的样品, 比较不同网目所获浮游介形类种类和丰度的差异, 分析介形类种类和丰度的分布特征, 探讨环境因素对其时空分布的影响。160μm网目采集的浮游介形类种类和丰度均高于505μm。基于160μm网目数据分析浮游介形类群落结构: 1) 鉴定浮游介形类32种, 其种数由近岸向外海递增, 等深线100m以浅海域的种数显著高于100m以深海域(p<0.01); 2) 夏季浮游介形类的丰度高于冬季, 夏季丰度高值区主要出现在雷州半岛东部和琼东近岸, 显著高于外海(p<0.05), 冬季介形类丰度分布较为均匀; 3) 优势种针刺真浮萤(Euconchoecia aculeata)是近岸高丰度的主要贡献种; 4) 介形类种数与温度和水深呈显著正相关, 丰度与叶绿素a浓度呈正相关, 而与温度和盐度呈负相关。夏季琼东沿岸上升流和粤西沿岸流有助于浮游介形类在雷州半岛和海南岛东部近岸海域形成较高的丰度, 最高达1252个·m^-3。同时, 建议今后研究浮游介形类采用网目孔径小的浮游生物网进行采集以便全面评估其群落结构特征。     

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)紫壳内面和白黄壳内面品系的三元杂交

于2010年6月,以性状优良的白黄壳内面F2代菲律宾蛤仔二元杂交系(WO)与紫壳内面F2代选育系(P)为材料,进行了三元杂交研究,获得了三元正反交组合PWO、WOP,并且比较了各实验组子代在不同阶段生长、存活和变态的杂种优势。结果表明:(1)从生长上看。三元杂交子WOP生长始终最快,2个三元正反交组幼虫均表现出了不同程度的杂种优势,其生长主要受卵源与配对策略的交互作用影响。(2)从存活力上看。三元杂交子PWO幼虫及WOP稚贝表现出一定的杂种优势,卵源是浮游期幼虫存活的最主要影响因素。(3)从变态上看,三元杂交子PWO呈现出一定的变态优势为HmPWO=9.80,卵源、配对策略及交互作用均是影响变态主要因素。     

Late quaternary oceanographic conditions in the Western Bering Sea

The benthic and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and the distribution of coarse grain-size factions were studied in the upper 4.5 m of the Core SO201-2-85KL (57°30.30′ N, 170°24.79′ E, water depth 968 m) retrieved from the Shirshov Ridge. This part of the core covers 7.5 to 50 kyr BP. The glacial period is established to be characterized by low surface water productivity, the wide distribution of sea ice and/or icebergs in this area, and a high oxygen concentration in the bottom layer. Enhanced productivity is inferred from the maximum abundance of planktonic foraminifers at the very beginning of the deglaciation. The late Bølling-Allerød interstadial and the early Holocene were marked by the further two-phase increase in the surface productivity and the weakened ventilation of the bottom water.     

Observations and Measurements of Planktonic Bioluminescence off the South Coast and Puttalam Lagoon of Sri Lanka

Marine bioluminescence is a unique phenomenon and widely studied around the world. However, information on bioluminescence is scarce in the Indian ocean. This study was carried out to understand the spatial and temporal variations in planktonic bioluminescence off the south coast and the Puttalm Lagoon of Sri Lanka. Planktonic bioluminescence intensity, zooplankton samples, water samples and oceanographic data were collected from sampling sites from January to December 2016 in three month intervals. Time series data were collected at a fixed sampling station, off the south coast of Sri Lanka, in order to understand the variation of bioluminescence intensity throughout the night and with respect to monsoon winds. Bioluminescence intensity was measured using the recoverable bathyphotometer and zooplankton samples were collected using WP-2 net with a 180 μm mesh size plankton net. The results revealed that most of the bioluminescence intensity peaks in the ocean were concentrated in the mixed layer depth zone. Bioluminescence and Chlorophyll profiles indicate the presence of both heterotrophic and autotrophic planktonic bioluminescence. Fixed station analysis showed variations in planktonic bioluminescence throughout the night and with respect to monsoon winds. Twenty two surface bioluminescent zooplankton species belonging to 15 families and 4 phyla were identified during this study. Variations in planktonic bioluminescence with respect to time and sampling locations were evident. The current study yielded encouraging results that should lead to further identification of planktonic distribution near Sri Lanka and key bioluminescent zooplankton in the region.

     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FAUNA OF PLANKTONIC COPEPODS IN THE CHINA SEAS

A total of 345 species of planktonic copepods have hitherto been found from the China Seas. Among them, tropical and warm-water species are dominant. The similar pattern of geographical distribution of these species is ascribed to the common influence of the coastal currents, the Kuroshio, and the South China Sea warm current. The number of species of planktonic copepods along the coastal waters of China decreases with increasing latitude, and increases with increasing longitude. The composition of the copepod fauna in the China Seas shows that the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea belong to the north temperate zone fauna, that the South China Sea, offshore areas of the East China Sea and the southeastern part of the Taiwan Strait belong to the tropical fauna, and the western part of the Taiwan Strait and the northwestern part of the East China Sea belong to the mixed distribution area of tropical and subtropical fauna.     

广东省南澳岛东部海域浮游动物群落结构及其影响因素

广东省南澳海域是粤东重要的海产养殖基地, 分析该海域浮游动物群落结构特征对评估其生态环境质量具有重要意义。文章根据2014年9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)、2015年4月(春季)和2016年7月(夏季)在南澳岛东部海域的浮游动物调查, 分析该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征, 探讨环境因素对其时空分布的影响。共鉴定浮游动物206种(包括浮游幼虫), 桡足类种数最多, 达94种; 远岸海域浮游动物的种数高于近岸海域。浮游动物丰度和生物量的季节变化明显, 夏、秋季高于冬、春季; 浮游动物丰度和生物量的分布趋势较一致, 夏季高值区主要出现在近岸, 秋季由近岸向远岸海域递增。浮游动物不同类群和优势种的丰度也存在季节变化, 桡足类是调查期间丰度较高的类群, 秋季水母类和海樽类丰度明显增加; 优势种后圆真浮萤(Euconchoecia maimai)和针刺真浮萤(Euconchoecia aculeata)在夏季丰度高, 小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)在秋季占绝对优势。温度、盐度和浮游植物生物量是影响南澳岛东部海域浮游动物时空变化的主要环境因子, 说明该海域浮游动物群落特征受海流、水团和养殖活动的综合影响。     

Planktonic stages of Maurolicus muelleri (Teleostei Sternoptychidae) in New Zealand waters

The seasonality and distribution, abundance, and hydrological affinities of the planktonic stages of the sternoptychid Maurolicus muelleri (Grnelin, 1788) are described for the New Zealand region. Spawning occurred from August to March, and the planktonic stages were widespread around New Zealand. Spawning probably takes place around midday at depths greater than 250 m. Eggs and larval stages were present over temperature ranges of 9.0–15.5°c and 13–22°c respectively.     

Rapid visualization of plankton abundance and taxonomic composition using the Video Plankton Recorder

Traditional methods for determining spatial distributions of planktonic taxa involve net, pump, and bottle collections followed by the tedious and time-consuming task of plankton sample analysis. Thus, plankton ecologists often require months or even years to process samples from a single study. In this paper, we present a method that allows rapid visualization of the distribution of planktonic taxa while at sea. Rapid characterization of plankton distributions is essential in the dynamic physical environment, where biological and physical patterns can change quickly. Such a “sample-and-observe” capability is necessary for mapping ephemeral features (such as patches, eddies, jets, plumes) and determining appropriate locations to conduct more localized sampling, including in situ observational studies. We describe the techniques used in imaging the plankton, analyzing the video, and visualizing the data. We present an example of at-sea data analysis conducted aboard R.V. Columbus Iselin on Georges Bank in May 1994 and visualizations of the 3-dimensional distribution of selected planktonic taxa in a 2 × 2 km × 90 m volume of seawater. A video of the image processing and visualization is included on the CD-ROM accompanying this volume and is an essential part of this paper.