Strata bound scheelite in the Archean Malene supracrustal belt,West Greenland

In the Archean of Western Greenland a tungsten province ca. 300 km long and up to 120 km wide has been discovered with extensive banded amphibolites containing up to 2% W and 0.16 ppm gold. The tungsten occurs as scheelite which is associated with tourmalinites and strata-bound tourmaline-rich layers in amphibolites of presumed tuffaceous origin and with an iron-formation containing high amounts of tungsten, zinc, copper, lead, molybdenum, and tin. The scheelite is shown to be strata-bound and of submarine exhalative origin.     

云南北衙地区钨矿化特征与找矿方向

云南北衙矿床是中国21世纪初新发现的超大型矽卡岩-斑岩型金多金属矿床之一,除已经勘查评价的Au、Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素外,还伴生有一定量的W元素等有益组分。文章对北衙金多金属矿床万硐山矿段及外围马头湾和南大坪矿区中的钨矿化开展系统的岩石学和矿物学研究,初步查明了万硐山矿段和其外围矿床中的钨矿化特征。研究发现,这些矿区(段)的含钨矿物主要为白钨矿,在万硐山矿段和马头湾矿区还有少量的黑钨矿产出;钨矿化主要产于岩体与围岩地层接触部位的矽卡岩或其退化蚀变岩中,白钨矿多充填在石榴子石等矿物的晶体间隙,个别被石榴子石包裹(南大坪矿区);万硐山矿段和马头湾矿区中的白钨矿具有较高的w(Mo)。这些特征表明,北衙地区的钨矿化作用与典型矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床基本一致。万硐山矿段中白钨矿交代黑钨矿的过程与磁铁矿的结晶过程密切相关,暗示钨矿化与铁、金矿化作用是同一成矿作用的产物。北衙地区的区域土壤W元素地球化学异常具有良好的浓度分级,且部分异常中心与已知的矿床/点明显对应,说明北衙地区具有良好的钨矿找矿潜力,白钨矿和黑钨矿均可以作为找矿标志性矿物,而Mo元素地球化学异常则可以作为间接找矿标志。     

赣东北朱溪矿床深部似层状钨(铜)矿体白钨矿、磷灰石原位U-Pb年代学及微量元素研究

钨和铜由于地球化学行为存在明显差异,导致二者通常很难同时发生大规模的成矿作用.然而,江南钨矿带却出现了以石门寺和朱溪为代表的钨(铜)矿床.本文对朱溪钨(铜)矿床中最为重要的铜矿化作用开展了研究,即对形成于新元古代浅变质岩与古生代碳酸盐岩不整合界面附近的似层状钨(铜)矿体进行了精细的矿物学微区原位测试分析.厘定了朱溪矿床...     

赣中聚源大型石英脉型白钨矿床含铀富钨矿物初步研究

聚源钨矿是华南地区为数不多的大型石英脉型白钨矿矿床之一.在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文利用α径迹蚀刻、电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及电子探针等实验手段,对该矿床含钨和含铀矿物开展了精细矿物学的研究工作,探讨了成矿过程中钨和铀的富集规律.研究显示,该矿床钨铀矿物的形成可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,钨铀主要进入富含Nb、Ti的氧化...     

中条山地区八一铜矿床中白钨矿的发现及其找矿意义

中条山地区是我国重要铜矿基地之一,虽然区域资料中有钨的化探异常,但以往没有发现有价值的钨矿。文章在八一铜矿研究过程中,通过X射线荧光光谱野外快速分析仪检测、荧光灯检查、光薄片鉴定和电子探针分析,查定出含铜矿脉中赋存白钨矿矿物,其共伴生矿物主要是黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿,脉石矿物以方解石、白云石和石英为主。通过对白钨矿矿物、金属硫化物、主要脉石矿物的电子探针分析,结合碳同位素组成,初步判断八一铜矿为岩浆热液成因。八一铜矿脉中白钨矿的发现,不但对深入研究我国钨矿的区域成矿规律具有重要意义,也有助于丰富中条山地区的矿床学研究内容,拓展找矿思路。     

The secondary geochemical dispersion of some selected elements around the Cravezes scheelite deposit, northeastern Portugal

Selected results of a geochemical survey using stream-sediment sampling for ore minerals are presented. The study was undertaken in the Mogadouro (Cravezes) region, northeastern Portugal in order to investigate prospecting parameters for scheelite (tungsten) mineralization within calc-silicate rocks (skarnoids).Statistical and mathematical treatment of the data obtained during prospecting aided the interpretation, particularly, factor analysis. Five factors explaining about 85% of the variability in the data, were extracted; some were characteristic lithological and mineralization factors which are still imprinted in the secondary environment. Two apparently non-correlated types of mineralization are demonstrated: a scheelite (tungsten)-tin mineralization, and a copper-lead-zinc mineralization.Anomalous patterns delineating the scheelite ore deposit are revealed by the spatial distribution of various chemical elements. This highlights the importance of some pathfinder elements which can be used for tungsten prospecting in this type of geological environment. Copper, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, V, and Cr are suitable pathfinders for W and Sn in the Mogadouro region.     

新疆哈密天宇北金钨矿地质特征及找矿预测

新疆天宇北金钨矿地处沙泉子断裂以南的中天山地块,为近年新发现的钨矿点,产于新太古界-古元古界天湖岩群碳酸盐岩与晚元古代斜长片麻状花岗岩、晚石炭世-早二叠世二长花岗岩接触带,且与以钨为主的1∶5万岩屑测量综合异常对应,与北山地区钨钼矿为同一成矿带,金钨矿具有多期岩浆活动及成矿作用特点。该矿点矿床类型属矽卡岩型钨矿,矿化以白钨矿化为主,伴生金,含矿二长花岗岩成矿时代为华力西期。槽探工程控制矿体长大于220 m,平均厚2.70 m,WO₃平均品位0.46%。钻探工程和物探异常激电测深双验证表明：钨矿化带在深部有一定的延伸。在该区及外围,围绕前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层与中酸性岩浆岩的接触带,开展钨多金属地质找矿工作,找矿潜力大。     

云南南秧田钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对南秧田矽卡岩型钨矿床的石英和石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有3类:富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。石英包裹体均一温度范围为232～337℃,盐度w(NaCl)=0.53%～9.98%;石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为228～306℃,盐度w(NaCl)=6.45%～14.04%。激光拉曼探针分析表明,南秧田白钨矿的成矿流体中气相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2、CH4、H2S和N2等气体,液相成分以H2O为主,属NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿溶液的密度为0.72～0.87g/cm3,表明形成这种矽卡岩型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体。成矿压力为18～32MPa,成矿深度约为0.6～1.2km。石英包裹体水的δD为-72.16‰～-65.10‰,δ18O为7.98‰～8.45‰,钨矿床中硫化物δ34S为6.6‰。成矿流体主要来自燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用。     

Corundum-bearing metasomatic rocks in the Central Pamirs

The Muzkol metamorphic complex in the Central Pamirs contains widespread occurrences of corundum mineralization, sometimes with gem-quality corundum. These occurrences are spatially related to zones of metasomatic alterations in calcite and dolomite marbles and crystalline schists. The calcite marbles contain corundum together with muscovite, scapolite, and biotite; the dolomite marbles contain corundum in association with biotite; and the schists bear this mineral coexisting with biotite and chlorite. All these rocks additionally contain tourmaline, apatite, rutile, and pyrite. The biotite is typically highly aluminous (up to 1.9 f.u. Al), and the scapolite is rich in the marialite end member (60–75 mol %). The crystallization parameters of corundum were estimated using mineral assemblages at T = 600–650°C, P = 4–6 kbar, X _{CO 2} = 0.2–0.5 at elevated alkalinity of the fluid. The Sr concentration in the calcite and dolomite marbles is low (345–460 and 62–110 ppm, respectively), as is typical of recrystallized sedimentary carbonates. The variations in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the calcite and dolomite marbles (0.70852–0.70999 and 0.70902–0.71021, respectively) were controlled by the introduction of radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr during the metasomatic transformations of the rocks. The isotopic-geochemical characteristics obtained for the rocks and the results of numerical simulations of the fluid-rock interactions indicate that the corundum-bearing metasomatic rocks developed after originally sedimentary Phanerozoic carbonate rocks, with the desilication of the terrigenous material contained in them. This process was a manifestation of regional alkaline metasomatism during the closing stages of Alpine metamorphism. In the course of transformations in the carbonate reservoir, the juvenile fluid flow became undersaturated with respect to silica, which was a necessary prerequisite for the formation of corundum.     

Skarn mineralogy and trace elements of scheelite in Xianglushan tungsten deposit,Jiangxi Province,South China and their implications for mineralization processSCIEI北大核心CSCD

江西省香炉山钨矿是江南古陆斑岩-矽卡岩钨多金属成矿带内具有代表性的早白垩世矽卡岩型钨矿床。矿床的WO3储量约为22万t,平均品位约为0.641%。矿床的矿体以似层状和透镜状产出于燕山期黑云母花岗岩和寒武系杨柳岗组泥灰岩的接触带。本文在详细厘定成矿阶段矿物组合的基础上,对不同阶段产出的不同世代的白钨矿开展了原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素的系统测试。香炉山钨矿床可以划分为四个成矿阶段:矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物-白钨矿阶段和方解石-萤石阶段。根据各阶段矿物组合及与白钨矿共生关系,本次研究划分出四个阶段六个世代的白钨矿,分别为阶段Ⅰ白钨矿(产于云英岩中)、阶段Ⅱa和阶段Ⅱb白钨矿(产于退化蚀变岩)、阶段Ⅲa和阶段Ⅲb白钨矿(产于硫化物条带,Ⅲa为白钨矿核部,Ⅲb为白钨矿边部)和阶段Ⅳ白钨矿(产于石英-硫化物-白钨矿脉)。白钨矿的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图有下凹型(阶段Ⅰ、阶段Ⅱa、阶段Ⅲb)、右倾型(阶段Ⅳ)和下凹右倾型(阶段Ⅲa)。各阶段白钨矿的微量元素特征表明,香炉山钨矿床白钨矿的∑REE含量高于世界上绝大部分脉状金和钨矿床,也高于我国华南地区钨多金属矿床。白钨矿中REE3+与Ca2+主要的替代机制为3Ca2+=2REE3++Ca(为一个Ca空位)。白钨矿的REE和Eu异常由流体决定,可以用来示踪流体的演化过程,Eu的活动主要以Eu2+为主。香炉山钨矿床为还原性矿床,不同阶段白钨矿中Mo等元素含量的变化指示流体演化各阶段的还原性强弱有波动。不同阶段白钨矿的稀土和微量元素特征有较大变化。香炉山白钨矿稀土元素的超常富集原因和机制仍有待进一步研究和探讨。     

江西朱溪超大型钨矿床成矿年代学、矿物学及成矿过程研究

位于江南造山带东部的江西朱溪钨矿,是近年发现的一个超大型钨矿床,其矿体主要由矽卡岩型白钨矿组成,产于 燕山期侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中。为了更好地认识朱溪钨矿的特征和成因,文章采集了花岗 岩和矽卡岩的钻孔样品,进行了岩石学、矿物学、岩石地球化学和同位素年代学的分析。研究表明,朱溪矿区的黑云母花 岗岩具有高硅、富碱、高分异的特征,属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩,微量元素中Rb,U,Ta等元素富集,Ba,Nb,Sr和Ti 等元素亏损。稀土元素总量偏低,轻稀土相对富集。矽卡岩矿物的电子探针成分结果表明,其中石榴子石主要为钙铝榴 石-钙铁榴石端元组分;单斜辉石以透辉石-钙铁辉石系列为主。与白钨矿密切共生的矽卡岩矿物中,萤石、符山石、磷灰 石和榍石等富氟的矿物大量出现,表明朱溪钨矿成矿流体为富氟体系,这有利于钨的运移和沉淀。白钨矿REE配分曲线及 Mo含量变化所反映的流体性质表明,朱溪钨矿在矽卡岩阶段,总的矿化环境则由氧化向还原环境变化。利用朱溪含矿矽卡 岩中榍石进行了原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为153±2 Ma,结果显示朱溪钨矿的成矿时代为晚侏罗 世,属燕山期岩浆活动后的产物。     

Les Quartzites à Silicates Calciques et Scheelite: Préconcentrations Familières ou Pièges pour un Tungstène Etranger lié à L'Hydrothermalisme Périgranitique? Exemple du Nord-Est Transmontain (Portugal)

Three groups of Sn-W veins occur in the contact aureole of composite granitic plutons South of Bragança (Trás-os-Montes, Portugal). Thin layers of calcic quartzites with or without scheelite are interbedded in the Ordovician and Silurian metamorphic country-rocks. Could they represent synsedimentary preconcentrations and a likely source for the W-deposits? The geologic features and the trace-elements distribution (W, Sn, Be, B, Li, F, Rb) in the metasedimentary and granitic rocks support the following conclusions: 1) the scheelite-bearing calcic quartzites are tactites, that occur only in the contact aureole of the granites; 2) the dynamo-metamorphic country-rocks are weakly enriched in W and impoverished in Sn compared to the "clarke" values; 3) the trace-elements concentration is higher in the contact aureole (X 2) than outwards; 4) the quartzites are scheelite-bearing only in the vicinity of the wolframite veins. Thus, scheelite appears related to mineralizing hydrothermal processes. Through their chemical composition and their mechanical properties, the calcic quartzites appear as traps for a tungsten mainly foreign to the metamorphic rocks close to the granites. Thus, the source of W lies deeper in lower crust levels or in the upper-mantle.     

瑶岭钨矿白基寨花岗岩地质特征及成矿意义

通过地质填图、钻探、土壤地球化学、磁法测量和岩石地球化学等手段,揭露了白基寨花岗岩的空间架构和地质特征,并分析了花岗岩的地球化学特征。该岩体具有高分异性(SiO270%,δEu在0.03～0.09之间),高K2O,且K2O/Na2O1等特征。Ba、Nb、P和Ti相对亏损,Rb、Ta、Th和K等大离子亲石元素富集,稀土元素四分组效应明显,呈海鸥"V"型。花岗岩源岩为泥质岩和硬砂岩混合而成,形成于同碰撞环境。岩体具有边部倾角小,高挥发份元素向上运移明显、强烈流体、熔体相互作用等有利成矿条件特点,在岩体边部成矿流体与碳酸岩盐相互作用形成白钨矿化体。矿区中部凹勺状区域和ZK3002-ZK3001段是找矽卡岩型白钨矿的有利潜在区域。     

Hydrothermal dolomite marbles associated with charnockitic magmatism in the Proterozoic Bamble Shear Belt,south Norway

Deformed and metamorphosed dolomite marbles in the Kragerø area of the Bamble Shear Belt occur as lenses within metasupracrustal sequences, as matrix in bodies resembling magmatic breccias, and as veins/dykes cutting amphibolites and metagabbros. A common origin is not evident from the field relationships, but is nevertherless probable due to great geochemical similarities between dolomite from the different occurrences. They are characterized by higher REE, Ni, Co, Cr and Sc, and lower Ba and Sr contents relative to metasedimentary marbles occurring nearby. Sm-Nd isotope data shows that the dolomites are of Sveconorwegian age (1175±37 Ma). The dolomite marbles are very weakly LREE-enriched and display in most cases positive Eu anomalies. Their stable isotope compositions are uniform (¹⁸O=+9.6 to +10.7; ¹³C=-8.5 to-6.2), their initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are high (0.706–0.709), whereas their age corrected _Nd varies from +0.7 to-1.5. Geochemically the dolomitic marbles differ considerably from sedimentary or metasedimentary marbles as well as from carbonatites. The Kragerø dolomite marbles represent deformed and metamorphosed hydrothermal veins or vein-complexes deposited in tensional fractures in the deep crust. Although the dolomitic marbles regionally are of minor volume, the dolomite deposition represents a specific and important event in the geological evolution of the Bamble Shear Belt. Their geochemical and isotopic homogeneity on a regional scale suggest that the hydrothermal solutions were supplied from a very large, homogeneous reservoir. Trace elements, stable and radiogenic isotopes, and field and isotopic age relationships are consistent with a deposition from hydrothermal solutions which were exsolved from crystallizing charnockitic intrusions and subsequently interacted with the crust. The parental magma to these intrusions underplated the crust and raised the geotherm of a carbonated ultramafic uppermost mantle, and imposed decarbonation and fluid release. These fluids were channelled into a large degassing zone now found as a deformed, regional zone with hydrothermal dolomite deposits, albitites, apatite-veins and widespread scapolitization. Whether the CO₂-rich fluids, which precipitated the Kragerø dolomites, pervasively infiltrated crustal rocks at a deeper level and caused granulitization is ambiguous, but possible.     

Mineralogical and geochemical (stable C and O isotopes) variability of marbles from the Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif,Czech Republic): implications for provenance studies

Metacarbonates of the Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic) were studied to obtain qualitative and quantitative mineralogical-petrographic as well as stable isotopic data for the purpose of stone provenance studies, potentially applicable in material research studies of cultural heritage artefacts. Twenty-six samples from twelve different historical quarries, as well as two samples from historical artefacts, were analysed by both mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical methods including: polarizing microscopy, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis, petrographic image analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The petrographic characteristics allowed for the discrimination of groups of (1) calcitic marbles, (2) dolomitic marbles, and (3) carbonate–silicate rocks. These groups exhibit characteristic features such as (1) the presence/abundance of major rock-forming minerals, (2) grain geometric characteristics (specifically, mean carbonate grain size and index of grain size homogeneity), and (3) the presence of specific accessory phases. The content of non-carbonate minerals, some rock fabric parameters, as well as the carbon and oxygen isotope data exhibited significant variability, even within a single quarry in the case of some impure marbles and carbonate–silicate rocks. Although the carbon and oxygen isotopic ranges displayed overlaps among the quarries studied, the isotopic signatures throughout the Moldanubian Zone allowed for discrimination of a group of white calcitic marbles with high carbon and oxygen depletion, as well as white dolomite–calcitic marble with higher carbon isotope values when compared with other marble resources of the Bohemian Massif. A combination of the isotopic signature with detailed mineralogical-petrographic characteristics seems to provide sufficient information for discrimination of the Moldanubian marbles from one another. The provenance of the Vrchotovy Janovice artefact is very probably from the Rabí quarry, among the Moldanubian marbles. The provenance of the artefact from the Prague Klementinum was not definitively assigned; however, the Nehodiv quarry was considered its probable source locality.     

斯洛伐克西喀尔巴阡山Kosice-Medvedia菱镁矿床的矿物学、流体包裹体和碳-氧-锶同位素研究

Kosice矿床是斯洛伐克第二大的菱镁矿床(150Mt),位于Gemeric的东部.其镁质碳酸盐矿体赋存于石炭纪石灰石和含白云石的石灰石中,同时下盘黑色片岩中也含有被铁质碳酸盐交代的薄层碳酸盐透镜体.在华力西期造山运动(M1)中,古生代岩石受到了低级变质作用(绿泥石带).镁交代作用始于白云岩1的结晶作用,其后形成菱镁矿,最终沿裂隙形成铁菱镁矿.铁质碳酸盐包括早期铁白云石-白云石,铁白云石和后期含方解石和石英的菱铁矿.根据碳酸盐矿物对地质温度计,白云石l结晶作用发生在300～340℃.这一结果与M1的变质矿物组合(绿泥石,白云母-伊利石)吻合.铁白云石的结晶作用发生在320～370℃.少量细脉中可见白云石2,绿泥石和伊利石-多硅白云母,它们是由于阿尔卑斯期造山运动M2变质作用形成的更晚的矿物组合.菱镁矿的流体包裹体(FI)研究,显示存在不同成分的热卤水,卤水成分变化相当于NaCl含量21～42 wt%,但其它成分的盐含量高于NaCl,溶解的CO2含量也有变化.两相包裹体均一温度(Th)的范围为164～217℃,含石盐子晶包裹体均一温度的范围为217～344℃.富CO2包裹体(盐度相当于NaCl含量1～22wt%,CO2的密度为0.28～0.77 g·cm-3,均一温度为289～344℃)在菱镁矿中是次要的,但这种包裹体在与矿石伴生的石英中是主要的,并且与含石盐子晶流体包裹体共生.在后期镁交代过程中流体中的CO2逐渐增加.和铁质碳酸盐伴生的石英中只有两相包裹体,包裹体中CO2含量有所变化,盐度范围为17～24 wt%的NaCl(或者34～36 wt%的MgCl2),均一温度为152～195℃.包裹体的数据结合碳酸盐地质温度计显示镁交代作用的压力范围是180～320MPa(7～12km),铁交代作用的压力范围是280～420MPa(10～16km),说明地热梯度约为25～35℃/km.包裹体浸出液的分析表明Cl/Br和Na/Br的比值存在变化,但仍旧说明富镁的卤水来源是上二叠纪和下三叠纪的分馏蒸发岩来源.铁质碳酸盐流体的高溴和高碘含量,说明在铁交代过程中周围黑色片岩的明显影响.菱镁矿和铁交代作用,表明交代流体中的碳和二氧化碳,主要是海洋沉积的来源.菱铁矿的"Sr/86Sr比值((0.71124～0.71140),说明锶的多来源,最初应是石炭纪和二叠纪的海水,但它被当地其它陆壳中的锶混染.     

Permeability generation and resetting of tracers during metamorphic fluid flow: implications for advection-dispersion models

Advection-dispersion fluid flow models implicitly assume that the infiltrating fluid flows through an already fluid-saturated medium. However, whether rocks contain a fluid depends on their reaction history, and whether any initial fluid escapes. The behaviour of different rocks may be illustrated using hypothetical marble compositions. Marbles with diverse chemistries (e.g. calcite + dolomite + quartz) are relatively reactive, and will generally produce a fluid during heating. By contrast, marbles with more restricted chemistries (e.g. calcite + quartz or calcite-only) may not. If the rock is not fluid bearing when fluid infiltration commences, mineralogical reactions may produce a reaction-enhanced permeability in calcite + dolomite + quartz or calcite + quartz, but not in calcite-only marbles. The permeability production controls the pattern of mineralogical, isotopic, and geochemical resetting during fluid flow. Tracers retarded behind the mineralogical fronts will probably be reset as predicted by the advection-dispersion models; however, tracers that are expected to be reset ahead of the mineralogical fronts cannot progress beyond the permeability generating reaction. In the case of very unreactive lithologies (e.g. pure calcite marbles, cherts, and quartzites), the first reaction to affect the rocks may be a metasomatic one ahead of which there is little pervasive resetting of any tracer. Centimetre-scale layering may lead to the formation of self-perpetuating fluid channels in rocks that are not fluid saturated due to the juxtaposition of reactants. Such layered rocks may show patterns of mineralogical resetting that are not predicted by advection-dispersion models. Patterns of mineralogical and isotopic resetting in marbles from a number of terrains, for example: Chillagoe, Marulan South, Reynolds Range (Australia); Adirondack Mountains, Old Woman Mountains, Notch Peak (USA); and Stephen Cross Quarry (Canada) vary as predicted by these models. Received: 3 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 June 1997     

Ore Genesis and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate‐Hosted Talc Deposits in Nangarhar Province,Afghanistan

Talc deposits in Nangarhar Province, are hosted by Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks, metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the east–west (E–W) trending Spinghar Fault Block. Many deposits in this province have potential economic importance. However, detailed geologic and petrological studies on ore genesis are still lacking. In this study, eight talc deposits and two prospects of the Spinghar Fault Block were investigated. Talc is mainly formed by alteration of the host dolomite marble, magnesite rocks, and tremolitite. Talc ore bodies occur parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks. Dolerite occur as dikes and sills and are mostly metamorphosed to amphibolite. Although the amphibolite occurs mostly parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks, and talc orebodies, it partly crosscuts the host rocks. Massive layers of tremolitite were observed with most of the talc ore bodies. Quartz veins occur along the gneissosity of gneiss all over the study area. SiO₂ and MgO content in talc rocks from all deposits ranged from 49.1 to 65.1 wt% and from 26.1 to 32.9 wt%, respectively. CaO content in talc rocks and magnesite rocks are less than 1 wt%. ƩREE content in talc rocks ranged from 0.1 to 8.9 ppm. Chemical compositions of host carbonate rocks are close to the ideal composition. Concentrations of Al, Ta, Hf, Zr, Th, Cr, Ni, Co, and ƩREE in talc ores and host carbonate rocks were very low and inconsistent with mafic and ultramafic rocks protolith. Therefore, the metamorphosed sedimentary carbonate rocks were likely to be the protolith of the talc ores. The occurrence of parallel to subparallel quartz veins to the gneissosity of gneiss, as well as the presence of hydrous minerals in host carbonate rocks, suggested that hydrothermal fluids were most probably supplied through the gneiss.     

江西武山铜矿区新发现钨矿（化）体特征和其成因——来自矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的约束

钨和铜有明显不同的地球化学性质,但钨、铜在矿床中可以共伴生,原因还不清楚。长江中下游成矿带发育典型的斑岩-矽卡岩-层状铜（钨）多金属成矿系统,其中层状铜（钨）矿体成矿时代数据相对较少。作者以该带九瑞矿集区武山铜矿区新发现的钨矿（化）体为研究对象,开展了矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的研究。研究发现,武山矿床具有层状、矽卡岩型、斑岩型3类铜矿体均有白钨矿矿化,矿床整体由浅至深存在Cu→Cu-W的分带规律。3类矿石中的白钨矿产状类似,充填在粗粒黄铁矿晶体间隙,或呈浸染状分布,被黄铜矿、闪锌矿等交代,产于退化蚀变阶段;其中斑岩中还存在少量晚世代白钨矿,与石英、黄铁矿共生,形成细脉并穿切花岗闪长斑岩,为石英-硫化物阶段产物。通过对退化蚀变阶段白钨矿进行测年和地球化学研究,作者获得了层状矿体含钨黄铜矿矿石中的白钨矿原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄为（140.6±1.5）Ma,代表层状铜钨矿体成矿时代,在误差范围内与前人获得的斑岩、矽卡岩型矿体的成矿时代基本一致。层状矿体中白钨矿的稀土元素特征和Sr/Mo值符合岩浆热液矿床特征,相比矽卡岩型、花岗岩型白钨矿,层状矿体中白钨矿具有明显较低Mo含量,反映了形成于相对低氧逸度条件;另外,层状矿体中白钨矿具有正Eu异常和与围岩相近的高Y/Ho值的特征,推测其是流体充分交代了含碳围岩地层导致流体性质的明显改变,并且有利于白钨矿和黄铁矿的沉淀,可从深部黄龙组层间部位形成钨品位更富的黄铁矿矿石得到佐证。文章从白钨矿角度证实层状矿体是斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的重要组成部分,提出在九瑞矿集区已知铜矿床的深部,尤其是燕山期中酸性侵入岩与含碳质碳酸盐岩的接触带及黄龙组层位,是寻找富钨矿体的新找矿方向。白钨矿的U-Pb同位素定年为长江中下游成矿带层状矿体的成矿时代提供了新的可靠依据。     

The carbonatite-marble dykes of Abyan Province, Yemen Republic: the mixing of mantle and crustal carbonate materials revealed by isotope and trace element analysis

Summary Dykes of carbonate rocks, that cut gneisses in the Lowder-Mudiah area of southern Yemen, consist of dolomite and/or calcite with or without apatite, barite and monazite. Petrographic observations, mineralogical, XRF and ICP-MS analyses reveal that some of the carbonate rocks are derived from sedimentary protoliths, whereas others are magmatic calcio- and magnesio-carbonatites some of which are mineralized with barite-monazite. The interbanded occurrence and apparent contemporary emplacement of these different rock types within individual dykes, backed by Sr–Nd isotope evidence, are interpreted to show that intrusion of mantle-derived carbonatite magma was accompanied by mobilization of crustal marbles. That took place some 840Ma ago but the REE-mineralization is dated at ca. 400Ma.Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-004-0056-2