紧紧围绕地矿事业发展与改革全面加强基层党组织建设

近年来,地矿系统党建工作得到了加强,可以概括为:摆上了位子,加强了班子,摸出了路子.在党的思想建设上,初步树立了党建工作为实现党的中心工作服务的观念;在党的组织建设上,围绕经济建设这个中心,调整、充实了各级领导班子,培养了后备人才,加强了基层党组织的建设;在作风建设、廉政建设上,采取了一些切实步骤,取得了很大成效,在制度建设上,建立了民主评议党员、民主生活会制度、目标责任制,有些党组织还建立了党委议事规则等等.较之前些年,确实是上了一个台阶.但同时还应看到问题的另一面,对     

千斤顶机械化

我处水文队9号钻机,在起拔套管工作中发挥了敢想、敢干的精神,改进了操作方法,在钻机的配合下,实现了千斤顶机械化,节省了人力,提高了效率,作到了安全生产。     

全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究进展综述

对重要矿产开展全国性的资源潜力评价,是国情调查的重要组成部分,而开展重要矿产和区域成矿规律的研究,又是矿产资源潜力评价的基础性工作.自2006～2013年的8年间,通过对400多个典型矿床的野外调查,开展了典型矿床和区域成矿规律的全面研究,编制了成矿规律研究的技术要求,组织了全国性的技术培训,指导了大区和省级项目成矿规律研究工作,完成了大区和省级项目典型矿床和成矿规律研究成果的验收、汇总和综合,编制了全国单矿种(组)成矿规律相关专题图件,建立了相应的数据库,提出了一系列新认识、新技术和新方法,包括同位素定年的方法和成矿规律编图方法,为矿产资源潜力评价奠定了扎实了理论基础,有效地指导了潜力评价和地质找矿工作,培养了人才,锻炼了队伍,取得了良好的经济效益,显著地提升了我国成矿学的研究水平.     

TK-25型内燃凿岩机在坑道中的应用

我队经过“四清”运动,更高地举起毛泽东思想伟大红旗,发扬了自立更生,艰苦奋斗的精神,克服了种种的困难;同时,学习了浙江第三地质队的经验;并经过三结合的方法,在局大力支持与队党委的正确领导下,终于实现了坑探工作小型机械化。从而提高了掘进效率,改善了操作条件,减轻了体力劳动,适应了地质普查工作发展的需     

海城市析木镇松树沟流域工程建设必要性分析

松树沟小流域工程项目位于海城市析木镇东北部。项目区内水土流失严重制约着当地社会经济的可持续发展。通过对工程项目治理必要性分析,可以看出工程建设将加速了水土流失治理步伐,保护、改良和合理利用了水土资源,改善了生态环境,同时挖掘了土地生产潜力,维护和提高土地生产力,进一步发展了林、果、农、牧业,充分发挥了水土资源的经济效益和社会效益,改善了民生,实现了安居乐业,保证了当地经济稳定,实现了可持续发展。     

辽西山区某厂泥石流调查

通过辽西某厂泥石流灾害的实地调查,阐述了泥石流发生的条件,介绍了泥石流危害,分析了泥石流的现状并预测了发展趋势,提出了防治措施。     

山东省地面塌陷现状,发展趋势及防治

本文简要介绍了山东省的地层分布特点,对采空塌陷和岩溶塌陷的发生,发展过程进行了全面介绍,对产生塌陷的原因进行了分析。根据山东具体情况,确定了影响岩溶塌陷的主导因素,采用打分法进行了分区评价,对岩溶塌陷的发展趋势进行了预测,提出了防治岩溶塌陷灾害的具体措施。     

对“一业为主，两头延伸”的再理解

“一业为主,两头延伸”,无论是作为一句口号,还是作为一种经营方针,都在工程勘察设计单位企业化进程中发挥了重大作用,使大多数勘察设计单位突破了以勘察设计为主的定位局限,拓展了经营范围,改善了经营结构,不仅营造了新的经济增长点,而且顺利实现了企业化。但是,现在却很少有人提它了,似乎它已完成了历史使命,该寿终正寝了。笔者认为,下这样的结论为时尚早,     

东北地区国土资源大调查区域重力和区域地球化学调查成果综述

自2000年以来,在提高了区域重力调查技术要求,更新了区域化探方法技术后,极大地提高了东北地区基础地质工作程度,发现了众多重力异常,圈定和推断了隐伏岩体、盆地和断裂构造.特别是区域化探,获得的地球化学异常更加丰富,真实地反映了地质规律,提供了较多的成矿远景区和找矿靶区,发现了众多矿产地.首次开展的多目标区域地球化学调查,查明了松辽平原土壤元素区域地球化学分布特征,证实了松辽平原土壤环境质量是优良的.这些成果为东北地区的地质工作提供了丰富的地球物理和地球化学基础信息.     

我国水文测验技术的回顾与发展

简要回顾了水文测验发展的过程,介绍了中国测验工作的现状,总结了近二十余年水文测验业务建设的重大举措,评价了水文测验技术应用成果,指出了当前中国水文测验存在的主要问题和面临的挑战,提出了今后水文测验工作发展的具体建议。     

A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity

Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.

For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion.     

Causes of salinization of the Gulf of Taganrog

Using the database of automatic hydrometeorological stations, installed in the Don RIver delta and Taganrog Bay seashore, the sources of the anomalois scale water negative surge and salinization of the Azov Sea under conditions of low river flow in 2015–2016 are studied. The new schemes of stratification and advection of salty sea waters in the Don River mouth under different weather conditions, water discharge and levels are given.     

深基坑边坡支护方式的现状

根据目前国内边坡支护工作中的主要方式,将深基坑边坡支护按其结构的受力状态和支护的作用原理进行分类,详细论述了各种深基坑边坡支护方式的机制和适用条件,对今后岩土工程的实际工作具有一定的参考作用。     

Effect of pretreatment of the electrokinetic properties of quartz

Effects of various commonly used pretreatments such as desliming, ultrasonic scrubbing and leaching with dilute nitric, hydrofluoric and sodium hydroxide solutions on the electrokinetic properties of quartz in aqueous solutions are reported. The study showed that treatments with various reagents often used in mineral processing research in the past to clean minerals can affect, sometimes severly, the electrokinetic properties of quartz. The change in these properties during subsequent aging is also found to be governed by the type of treatment used. This study also shows the need in mineral research for standardization of mineral preparation techniques in order that the discrepancy in data reported for surface properties in literature can be minimized.     

Radiogeochemical studies of the features of radionuclide distribution at the sites of dumping of radioactive wastes of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

This paper presents the results of the studies performed from aboard the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2002–2004 aimed at surveying the sites of dumping of potentially dangerous objects in Stepovoy, Abrosimov, and Tsivol’ka bays of the Kara Sea. These studies coupled the instrumental facilities of acoustic survey with the visual examination of the objects recovered and also included sampling of the bottom sediments and near-bottom water in the vicinity of the objects and away from them. Subsequently, the samples collected were analyzed using direct gamma spectrometry and radiochemical concentrating selected radionuclides. This allowed us to obtain a statistically reliable database on the specific concentrations of radionuclides (cesium, strontium, cobalt, and plutonium) in the water column and in the bottom sediments. In selected parts of Stepovoy and Abrosimov bays, at the sites where containers were located, local areas with contaminated bottom sediments were registered in the immediate vicinity of the objects, in which significant concentrations of Cs-137 were detected. We also carried out experiments with the samples of the collected bottom sediments on the determination of the kinetic parameters of sorption in the sediment-solution system using the method of radioactive indicators. Taking into account the hydrological conditions, the results obtained allow one to explain particular features of radioactivity distribution in selected aquatic areas. Based on a comparison between the results of the studies performed in 1992–1994 and 2002–2004, we estimated the dynamics of the changes in the mean level of specific concentrations of radionuclides in the regions of the location of sunken objects in shallow-water bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The registration of elevated concentrations of corrosive elements in the surface layers of the bottom sediments in these zones suggests a necessity of a multidisciplinary study consisting of regular repeated measurements at reference points in different areas aimed at before-the-fact prevention of possible leakages of radioactive substances from the sunken objects, which might result in a significant contamination of the environment. Original Russian Text ? O.V. Stepanets, L.A. Kodina, A.N. Ligaev, A.P. Borisov. G.Yu. Solov’eva, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 12, pp. 1315–1324.     

Address of the retiring President of the International Association of Sedimentologists: Differences in size distributions of populations of particles among sands of various origins

This address reminisces and reflects on a subject in which I have been involved for more than twenty years: the effect of depositional processes on various parameters of the size-frequency distribution of sands. Movements of air and water generally separate particles by their sizes; the distribution of sizes relates to (1) the availability of different sizes of particles in a parent material, (2) processes operating where the sediments are deposited, particularly the competency of flow, and (3) concentrations of particles in suspension. Differences in size-frequency distributions among sands correlate with various origins, that is with their terminal depositional environments. Reminiscences in this address express my personal experience, both its up and downs, in advocating the study of this relationship, particularly in applying the method of moments on the basis of the concept that one statistical function expresses the characteristics of the population of particles. This address re-emphasizes some points made in previous studies (Friedman, 1961, 1962b, 1967) on the interrelationship between textural parameters and depositional processes for beach, dune, and river sands and then complements and supplements data which have not been presented before. These new data are grouped on scatter plots for sands of various origins. Finally, this address displays on maps regional trends of process-induced changes in size distributions of populations of particles in sands of four different settings: (1) a beach-dune setting, as exemplified by Padre Island, Texas, on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) a point-bar setting in the Arkansas River of Oklahoma; (3) a continental shelf-slope setting in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama; and (4) a continental shelf setting of the western Atlantic Ocean off New Jersey. This address concludes with the observation that the distribution of particles in sands will be influenced by the conditions that determine what happens in the depositional environment, hence statistical parameters that define the size-frequency distribution may be related to formative process.     

Possible origins of the diversity of types of Active Galactic Nuclei

The observed variety of types of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in galaxies with various masses and morphologies is considered. It is proposed that this diversity is related to the evolutionary development of their host galaxies and central regions, including their bulges, massive black holes, and accretion disks. A possible evolutionary scenario explaining the relationship between various types of AGN is proposed, in which, in addition to differences in the accretion states of the circumnuclear disks, the type of host galaxy is also taken into consideration. Special attention is given to the qualitative similarity of the accretion and radiative processes occurring in active objects with stellar-mass black holes (microquasars) and in AGN, in spite of the huge differences in the masses of their black holes. Studies of variability of the emission of microquasars taking this similarity into account can be used to make predictions about the behavior of the emission of AGN (with scaling in accordance with the black-hole mass).     

Thermodynamic problems of distribution of cations in superlattices of minerals

Physical methods (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray, Mössbauer spectroscopy) afford exact ratings of ferruginousness of the subphases (sublattices) in the superstructures of minerals. This provides opportunity for studies of the distribution of Fe²⁺ between the subphases in a mineral or in several coexisting minerals, as influenced by P and T. The distribution analysis, in the case of rhombic pyroxenes and amphiboles of the cummingtonite-grünerite series, shows the fruitfulness of this type of approach. A substantial effect of T on the Fe²⁺ distribution in superstructures of these minerals appears indicated. Efficient geothermometers and geomanometers may be developed on that basis. On the other hand, a possibility presents itself for appraisal of sequences of the hydration reactions, as influenced by T, other things being equal. Experimental and theoretical studies will let us arrive at a closer appraisal of the effects of T and P on stability of chemical bonds in minerals, on the basis of endocrystalline ionic equilibria of superstructures in solid solutions. — Authors.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7富铀烃源岩铀的赋存状态

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长组长7段是一套深湖相富铀烃源岩,铀含量很高,其矿物学特点是富含胶磷矿、草莓状黄铁矿、有机质等.通过光片、扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱分析、α放射性照相等研究方法,分析了长7段富铀烃源岩中铀的赋存状态,结果表明铀除了以类质同象赋存于胶磷矿中,以及以吸附态赋存于黄铁矿和有机质中以外,还在长7富铀烃源岩中...     

Geochemical indicators of the evolution of the ultrabasic-alkaline series of Paleozoic massifs of the Fennoscandian shield

Rare-earth element distribution in the rocks and minerals of the olivinite-clinopyroxenitemelilitolite-melteigite-ijolite-nepheline syenite series was analyzed to study the evolution trends of the alkaline-ultrabasic series of the Kola province. The contents of REE and some other trace elements were determined in olivine, melilite, clinopyroxene, nepheline, apatite, perovskite, titanite, and magnetite. It was established that distribution of most elements in the rocks of the Kovdor, Afrikanda, Vuoriyarvi, and other massifs differ from that in the Khibiny ultrabasic-alkaline series, being controlled by perovskite crystallization. Primary olivine-melanephelinite melts of the minor ultrabasic-alkaline massifs are characterized by the early crystallization of perovskite, the main REE-Nb-Ta-Th-U depository. Precipitation of perovskite simultaneously with olivine and clinopyroxene results in the depletion of residual magma in rare-earth elements and formation of low-REE- and HFSE ijolite and nepheline syenite derivatives. In contrast, the formation of the Khibiny ultrabasic-alkaline series was complicated by mixing of olivine melanephelinite magma with small batches of phonolitic melt. This led to a change in crystallization order of REE-bearing titanates and Ti-silicates and accumulation of the most incompatible elements in the late batches of the melt. As a result, the Khibiny ijolites have the highest REE contents, which are accommodated by high-REE apatite and titanite.