胶东夏甸金矿床地球化学特征及其地质意义

为探讨夏甸金矿床不同元素的地球化学成矿行为,本次以夏甸金矿床外围花岗岩、构造碎裂岩和金矿石的主微量和稀土元素地球化学资料为依据,研究其化学成分、微量元素和稀土元素在不同岩矿石中丰减富集变化及成矿过程.在化学成分方面,招平断裂带碎裂岩中具有较高的SiO2、K2 O值,Fe2 O3、Na2 O、CaO降幅较多,反映了成矿阶...     

Determination of elemental affinities by density fractionation of bulk coal samples from the Chongqing coal district, Southwestern China

The occurrence and distribution of major and trace elements have been investigated in two coal-bearing units in the Chonqing mining district (South China): the Late Permian and Late Triassic coals.The Late Permian coals have higher S contents than the Late Triassic coals due to the fixation of pyrite in marine-influenced coal-forming environments. The occurrence of pyrite accounts for the association of a large number of elements (Fe, S, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) with sulphides, as deduced from the analysis of the density fractions. The marine influence is probably also responsible for the organic association of B. The REEs, Zr, Nb, and Hf, are enriched by a factor of 2–3 with respect to the highest levels fixed for the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal for these elements. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher by a factor of 5–10 with respect to the Late Triassic coal. Furthermore, other elements, such as Cu, P, Th, U, V, and Y, are relatively enriched with respect to the common range values, with maximum values higher than the usual range or close to the maximum levels in coal. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher than the Late Triassic coal. These geochemical enrichments are the consequence of the occurrence, in relatively high levels, of phosphate minerals, such as apatite, xenotime, and monazite, as deduced from the study of the density fractions obtained from the bulk coal.The Late Triassic coal has a low sulphur content with a major organic affinity. The trace element contents are low when compared with worldwide ranges for coal. In this coal, the trace element distribution is governed by clay minerals, carbonate minerals, and to a lesser extent, by organic matter and sulphide minerals.Major differences found between late Permian and Triassic coals are probably related to the source rocks, given that the main source rock of the late Permian epicontinental marine basin is the Emeishan basalt formation, characterised by a high phosphate content.     

Mobility of some potentially toxic trace elements in the coal of Guizhou, China

 The mobility of 10 potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE), As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, and Zn from 32 coals of the Longtan Group formed in Permian Period in Guizhou Province, China was investigated using sequential extraction procedures. The results demonstrate that PTTEs such as Hg, As, Se, Cd, Cu, and Pb have the highest mobility at surface conditions, and the average extractable fractions of them are 86%, 95%, 79%, 76%, 69%, and 69% of the total amount in coal, respectively. The elements in coal with the lowest leachability include Tl, Cr, and Ni, and the average extractable fractions of them are 30%, 20%, and 29% of the total amount in coal respectively. Zinc has an intermediate behavior, and the average leachable fraction of it accounts for 46% of the total amount in coal. The results demonstrate that mobility of PTTE in coal depends on the speciation of these elements. The elements associated with sulfates, carbonates, sulfides and some organic matter in coal show the highest extraction rates during the weathering process, while elements with silicate affinities are inert at surface conditions. Received: 29 December 1998 · Accepted: 10 November 1998     

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段地球化学特征及地质意义

沉积岩的微量元素和稀土元素蕴含了大量的地质信息,对研究物源区性质与沉积环境的重塑具有重要的指导意义。本文研究了渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段泥岩和盐岩的微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:微量元素Sr、Ba丰度高,其他Rb、V、Ni、Mn、Fe、Cr、Br等元素含量较低,多数微量元素含量比同类岩石克拉克值偏高;∑REE为47.1×10-6～268.02×10-6,平均值为181.55×10-6,接近于后太古宙页岩(PAAS)的平均值,高于大陆上地壳(UCC)平均值。轻稀土与重稀土总量的比值为7.96～11.46,平均值为9.71,其分配模式表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损,整体特征为"右倾斜型",但重稀土元素为较平坦。铕(Eu)具有明显的亏损(0.48～0.70),铈(Ce)轻微亏损(0.89～0.97)。而盐岩样品中所含微量元素和稀土元素含量普遍很少。通过对样品中Sr/Cu、V/(V﹢Ni)、(La/Yb)N、Sr/Ba、δCe和Ceanom等特征参数的分析,总结出沙三段属于陆相沉积,处于还原、厌氧、咸水沉积环境;根据La/Th-Hf和Co/Th-La/Sc源岩判别图解、Eu、δEu以及REE—La/Yb等组合特点,显示源岩主要为中酸性长英质岩石(花岗岩)和混合长英质岩/基性岩,古老沉积岩对其贡献不大,主要来自内黄隆起和鲁西隆起的碎屑物质。     

靖边潜台南部奥陶系马家沟组古岩溶储层地球化学特征

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组由于受加里东运动影响而隆起抬升遭受风化,其顶部形成了良好的岩溶油气储层。本文通过对可溶岩的溶蚀孔充填物、角砾间的胶结物和碳酸盐原岩进行δ13C、δ18O的分析,结果表明：（1）研究区的各类岩石的δ18O比奥陶纪海水的要偏负,而岩溶作用微弱的原岩其δ13C则与奥陶纪海水的相当;（2）随岩溶作用的加强,岩石中的δ13C、δ18O降低,且δ18O对岩溶作用反应更灵敏;（3）岩石溶孔中的充填物与原岩的δ13C和δ18O含量相当,表明其与原岩形成于同一流体源,应属同期沉积的岩溶产物,即形成于沉积物形成之后不久,成岩环境属于近地表环境。另外,通过对研究区各种岩石Sr含量的研究,以及Sr/Ca、Sr/Ba和B元素对成岩流体盐度的反应分析,结果显示研究区曾经有大量的淡水注入,低Sr含量和高Fe2+/Fe3+值则说明了沉积物曾经历过深部岩溶作用。     

Mineral and inorganic chemical composition of the Pernik coal, Bulgaria

The mineral and inorganic chemical composition of five types of samples from the Pernik subbituminous coals and their products generated from the Pernik preparation plant were studied. They include feed coal, low-grade coal, high-grade coal, coal slime, and host rock. The mineral matter of the coals contains 44 species that belong mainly to silicates, carbonates, sulphates, sulphides, and oxides/hydroxides, and to a lesser extent, chlorides, biogenic minerals, and organic minerals. The detrital minerals are quartz, kaolinite, micas, feldspars, magnetite, cristobalite, spessartine, and amphibole. The authigenic minerals include various sulphides, silicates, oxihydroxides, sulphates, and carbonates. Several stages and substages of formation were identified during the syngenetic and epigenetic mineral precipitations of these coals. The authigenic minerals show the greatest diversity of mineral species as the epigenetic mineralization (mostly sulphides, carbonates, and sulphates) dominates qualitatively and quantitatively. The epigenetic mineralization was a result of complex processes occurring mostly during the late development of the Pernik basin. These processes indicate intensive tectonic, hydrothermal and volcanic activities accompanied by a change from fresh to marine sedimentation environment. Thermally altered organic matter due to some of the above processes was also identified in the basin. Most of the trace elements in the Pernik coals (Mo, Be, S, Zr, Y, Cl, Ba, Sc, Ga, Ag, V, P, Br, Ni, Co, Pb, Ca, and Ti) show an affinity to OM and phases intimately associated with OM. Some of the trace elements (Sr, Ti, Mn, Ba, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, As, Ag, Yb, Sn, Ga, Ge, etc.) are impurities in authigenic and accessory minerals, while other trace elements (La, Ba, Cu, Ce, Sb, Bi, Zn, Pb, Cd, Nd, etc.) occur as discrete phases. Elements such as Sc, Be, Y, Ba, V, Zr, S, Mo, Ti, and Ga exceed Clarke concentrations in all of the coal types studied. It was also found that a number of elements in the Pernik coals (F, V, As, Pb, Mo, Li, Sr, Ti, Ga, Ni, Ge, Cr, Mn, etc.) reveal mobility in water and could have some environmental concerns.     

Geochemical characteristics of REY,Li, Ga trace elements in the No. 9 coal seam of the Daheng mine,Ningwu coalfield,Shanxi Province,China

To understand the geochemical characteristics of the No.9 coal in the Daheng Mine of the Ningwu coalfield, the trace element analysis was conducted through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sedimentary environment was discussed according to the element geochemical parameters. The results show that Li, Ga, Hf, Zr, Nb, Th, and Ta are slightly enriched in the No. 9 coal of Daheng Mine. The average value of the rare earth elements and yttrium (∑REY) in coal here is 144.20 μg/g (excluding parting), which is higher than the average value of ∑REY in the world ’s coal and China ’s coal. The light rare earth elements (LREY) are enriched. The content of Eu was 0.12–2.10 μg/g with an average of 0.57 μg/g, and the Eu is obviously negatively abnormal. Most of the trace elements in the coal are positively correlated with the ash content, which shows that the occurrence of these trace elements is related to inorganic minerals. The results of sequential chemical extraction experiments show that rare earth elements mainly exist in coal in the form of aluminosilicate. The value of the Sr/Ba and the content of S reflect that the coal-forming environment was influenced by seawater. The values of V/Cr and Ni/Co reflect that the peat swamp is in an anaerobic environment and a strongly reducing environment during the coal-forming period.     

Geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Linnan Subsag,Shandong Province,China

Abundant aromatic fractions were detected in oils from the Linnan subsag, including aphthalenes, phenanthrenes, triaromatic steroids, biphenyl, fluorenes, dibenzothiophenes, dibenzofuranes, as well as some typical higher plant-sourced compounds, such as pyrene, benzopyrene, fluoranthene, chryaene, benzofluoranthrene, perylene and cadalene. Occurrences of biomarkers indicate that oils from the Linnan subsag are typical terrestrially genetic oils. Developed in the depositional environment is a strong reduction condition typical of brackish-saline lake. Thermal evolution has entered into the mature-high mature stage.     

Geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the late Permian coal in the Zhijin coalfield of southwest China and their volcanic origin

This paper describes the influence of volcanic ash on the concentrations and occurrences of associated elements in coal in the Zhijin Coalfield in western Guizhou Province, China. Our studies reveal that the No. 9 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield has very high content of Fe (4.34%), Cu (369.90 μg/g), U (49.6 μg/g), Mo (63.10 μg/g), Zn (33.97 μg/g), and Zr (841.80 μg/g). The studies have also found that elements, such as Fe and Cu, do not occur as sulfides in this coal seam, in sharp contrast to many other coal seams in China. The geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the coal seam are attributed to synsedimentary volcanic ash. In addition to normal macerals and minerals in coal, a volcanic-influenced material (VIM) derived from volcanic ash, detrital material of terrigenous origin and organic matter was identified under polarized-light reflectance microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The volcanic-influenced material is the main carrier of the above elements in this coal. Six types of the volcanic-influenced material (VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-3, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-6) are further distinguished on the basis of their structures and compositions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that presents a detailed classification of coal components with a high content of volcanic ash.     

松潘-甘孜地块前寒武-三叠系沉积地球化学研究

松潘-甘孜地块位居中国西南部,北邻昆仑地块,西与青藏高原毗邻,东南缘与扬子板块相连,东北部与秦岭造山带相接.近年来,松潘-甘孜地块已成为地学界研究的焦点.我们对该区出露的碎屑沉积岩进行了地质、岩石学、常量元素与微量元素地球化学研究,结果表明该区在地质历史上长期处于大陆岛弧环境,其沉积物成熟度不高,其物源多为火成岩区.松潘-甘孜地块的物源区以扬子板块为主,在不同时代有不同火成岩物质的加入.     

贵州独山下二叠统梁山组地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义

通过贵州南部独山地区二叠纪梁山组黑色页岩稀土与微量元素含量及其指标分析,探讨梁山组地球化学特征与沉积环境之间的对应关系。结果表明:稀土元素总量(ΣREE)在127.23×10-6~450.07×10-6,平均值271.09×10-6明显大于北美页岩稀土总量;轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)在7.66~15.67,平均为9.51,轻稀土相对富集。δCe与δEu、Dyn/Smn、ΣREE三者之间的相关性表明,梁山组稀土元素在沉积转换期受到一定程度成岩作用的影响,δCe异常值作为氧化还原判别指标不太可靠,经过筛选,通过微量元素比值指标Ni/Co≈0.20,U/Th≈0.2,V/Cr≈1.09,δU≈0.73,V/Sc≈7.43等综合判定梁山组沉积期处于充氧-贫氧的海水环境,底栖生物的大量发育也是有利佐证。本文推测梁山组沉积期所处的海水环境并非单纯的充氧、缺氧或者还原环境,更有可能具动态变换的演化过程,初始的海水环境为有利生物繁殖充氧环境,随后逐渐进入贫氧甚至还原环境,阻碍了有机质降解,可能情况分二种:Ⅰ温湿气候的高有机质沉降通量及浅水沉积的快速堆积埋藏,大量消耗了底层水的氧气,海水环境由充氧向贫氧直至还原演化;Ⅰ梁山组沉积物-水界面与贫氧-缺氧界面重合或者附近上下波动,持续慢速的海侵过程使得贫氧-缺氧界面上升,早期生物死亡的有机质堆积下来进入贫氧环境,沉积物与水体的氧气交换越来越少,直至变成还原环境。     

油气化探样品前处理条件对稠环芳烃测定结果的影响

在油气化探工作中,稠环芳烃含量对区域油气异常有着重要的指示作用。对于稠环芳烃的测定,诸多前处理条件对稠环芳烃的提取效率有显著的影响。本文研究了油气化探样品振荡提取法的多种前处理条件(提取溶剂、样品粒径、振荡时间和静置时间、提取温度)对荧光强度测定结果的影响。实验结果表明,提取溶剂不同,测定结果存在较大差异,各提取溶剂的提取效率大小依次为:二氯甲烷正己烷乙酸乙酯石油醚。综合考虑溶剂背景值对测定结果的影响,选择以正己烷为提取溶剂进行条件实验。在研究的粒径范围内,荧光强度随样品粒径的减小而增大,但粒径过小荧光强度反而降低,粒径在0.125~0.090 mm之间的样品荧光强度最高;荧光强度随着振荡时间和静置时间的增加而增强,其中静置时间的影响较大,静置9 h后荧光强度提高不显著;振荡时间的影响相对较小,振荡20 min后提取效率提高不显著;提取温度对荧光强度的影响最为显著,在相同条件下,提取温度越高荧光强度越大,且提取温度是影响稠环芳烃测定结果重现性的关键因素。油气化探样品前处理的最优化条件为:采用粒径在0.090~0.177 mm之间的样品,以色谱纯正己烷为溶剂,提取温度25℃,振荡时间20 min,静置时间12 h。     

沁水盆地晚古生代煤中硫的地球化学特征及其对有害微量元素富集的影响

煤中硫是多种有害微量元素的重要载体。基于形态硫分析、电感耦合等离子质谱及X射线衍射等方法分析沁水盆地晚古生代煤中硫和有害微量元素的分布规律,探讨了煤中硫对有害微量元素富集的影响,运用带能谱的扫描电镜和光学显微镜划分煤中硫化物的微观赋存特征。结果表明,沁水盆地煤中硫整体上以有机硫为主,平均占全硫的78%,只有在太原组个别高硫煤中以黄铁矿硫为占优势。显微镜和扫描电镜下可识别出煤中黄铁矿的微观赋存状态包括莓球状、薄膜状、晶粒状、结核状、团窝状黄铁矿和细粒黄铁矿集合体,白铁矿的微观赋存特征包括聚片状、板状和矛头状白铁矿,部分白铁矿与黄铁矿共生。沁水盆地煤中有害微量元素含量整体较低,黄铁矿是有害微量元素As、Se和Hg的重要载体,而有机硫决定了煤中U的富集。研究认为,成煤时期海水对泥炭沼泽的影响导致太原组煤中全硫和黄铁矿硫较高,太原组煤中硫的来源具有多样性,煤中黄铁矿具有多阶段演化的特点。     

钦-杭成矿带南段丰村铅锌矿区下园垌矿段围岩微量元素的地球化学特征及其意义

钦-杭成矿带是华南最重要的成矿带之一,丰村下园垌铅锌矿是区内典型的沉积热液改造型矿床。通过系统采集不同位置处的围岩样品,进行微量元素测试,结果表明,Cu含量相对较低,其变化范围为1.164×10-6~33.8×10-6,且不同位置丰度相差不大,Cu元素未发生明显迁移;Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素含量较低;变化范围分别为4.73×10-6~35.7×10-6、4.06×10-6~521.1×10-6、23.04×10-6~320.6×10-6,Mn、V、Co、Ni等亲铁性元素中,Mn最为富集,V、Co、Ni相对亏损;∑REE较低,LREE/HREE较大,轻重稀土分异明显,轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损。围岩样品Eu中等负异常,Ce呈现微弱负异常。Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu及稀土元素特征表明,其沉积环境可能为一封闭还原的浅海海湾。多元统计分析表明,其微量元素可分为3类,各自具有明显的分布特征。此外,La/Y-Sc/Cr图解对矿区构造环境进行了指示。围岩中较高的Pb、Zn含量明显高于背景值,很可能是矿源层。     

贺兰山北段地区地球化学特征及找矿前景分析

通过总结区域地质背景、地球化学异常特征、异常查证成果,并结合前人研究成果的基础上,分析该区蚀变岩型金铜矿、岩浆型金钨矿、岩浆型铜镍矿、岩浆型稀有稀土矿及沉积型铁矿的成矿地质条件,提出了贺兰山地区今后在金、铜、镍、钨等矿种的找矿方向和建议。     

秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河地区硅质岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

陕西省凤县-太白(凤太)地区位于秦岭造山带的西段,是我国重要的金属成矿集中区之一.本文重点分析凤太地区中泥盆统古道岭组与上泥盆统星红铺组过渡部位的沉积成因硅质岩.它是八方山-二里河铅锌矿床的主要赋矿层位.硅质岩多为灰黑色,块状、层纹状、角砾状构造,致密坚硬,经受过轻微变质作用(主要是重结晶作用),主要组成矿物为细晶、微晶石英,含有少量的铁白云石、方解石、绢云母、炭质.根据地球化学分析,八方山-二里河地区沉积成因硅质岩的SiO_2含量均大于80%,最高者可达95.3%,TiO_2和Al_2O_3明显偏低,高FeO,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值落在0.13～0.64之间.大部分微量元素含量远小于地壳元素丰度,但Ba、As、Sb、B、Ag、Hg含量较高.在V/Y-Ti/V和Ti-V图解中,硅质岩样品投影在洋中脊→大陆边缘的洋盆位置,大部分落在远洋区域,部分靠近大陆边缘.样品稀土元素含量较低,∑REE仅为3.28×10_(-6)～20.66×10_(-6),经北美页岩标准化后的稀土元素配分曲线可以分为H和S两组.H组曲线左倾,富集重稀土(HREE),具有明显的热水成因特征.S组与H组稍有差异,是受非热水沉积作用影响所致.(La/Lu)_N介于0.36～1.99,多分布于0.36～0.70和1.00～1.99两个区间内,分别代表与洋中脊环境相似的的洋盆喷口或断裂附近环境和受一定陆源物质影响的远洋盆地或深海平原环境.(La/Yb)_N值介于0.32～2.21,多分布0.32～0.72和1.74～2.21两个区间内,地质意义与(La/Lu)-N类似.硅质岩样品的(La/Ce)_N值在1.04～3.28,多数大于1,平均为1.62,主要反映大洋盆地(或深海平原)环境,个别样品也表现出大陆边缘沉积特征.研究结果表明,尽管经历了后期成岩作用等,但硅质岩仍整体上较好地保持了初始沉积时的地球化学特征.     

Geochemical Characterizations of Source and Depositional Environment of Hydrocarbons in the Lake Albert Rift Basin

Despite the upsurge in hydrocarbon exploration in the Lake Albert Rift Basin(LARB)over the past three decades,systematic characterization of hydrocarbon compositions remains lacking,leading to uncertainties in source rock and oil generation determination.We characterized crude oil compositions and oil sand samples in the northern and southern subbasins of LARB.The relative abundance of normal and branched linear alkanes,hopanes,steranes,and aromatic hydrocarbon suggest that northern and southern hydrocarbons were deposited in anoxic to suboxic lacustrine environments and share similar biological source compositions(i.e.,a mixture of plants and aquatic algae and bacteria).Relative to southern samples,northern samples show more negative δ¹³C values for oils,saturates and aromatics,indicating longer migration paths,and exhibit higher MPI-1,DNR-1 and 4-/1-MDBT ratios,indicating higher maturity.Between the two possible sets of source rocks(upper Miocene and Jurassic strata),the positive δ¹³C values of saturated hydrocarbons(average=-20.5‰)suggest that the upper Miocene lacustrine shale is the most likely candidate.Oleanane index(<5% in our samples)does not exclude either source rock possibility,and C₂₈/C₂₉ regular sterane(average=0.63)may be biased by high terrestrial inputs in a lacustrine setting.Together,our data show that northern and southern oils originate from the same source rocks but different oil kitchens.Given the similar geochemical characteristics of southern and northern oils,previous exploration successes in the northern subbasin likely suggest similar potential in the southern sector,while other elements influencing exploration success must be also evaluated.     

北淮阳晓天火山岩盆地片麻状花岗岩成岩年代学及地球化学特征

岩石的锆石U-Pb定年和主量、微量、稀土元素分析是研究侵入岩成岩时代、岩石成因的主要研究手段。本文在野外地质调查工作的基础上，采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱和LA-ICP-MS等技术对晓天火山岩盆地内杨三寨附近发现的片麻状钾长花岗岩进行相关地球化学分析。结果表明：该岩体主量元素以高硅、钾和钠，低铁镁钙磷为特征，其中SiO₂含量为65.86%~78.29%，Al₂O₃为10.89%~16.02%，MgO为0.17%~1.17%，K₂O为1.37%~6.44%，Na₂O为0.53%~6.50%，属于高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素方面，样品以亏损Nb、Sr、P和Ti，富集La、Ce、Nd和Zr为特征。稀土元素方面，含有较高的稀土元素（ΣREE=152.70~650.88μg/g），轻稀土富集重稀土亏损（LREE/HREE=6.77~20.64），多数具有较弱的负铕异常（δEu=0.29~1.15），铈异常不明显；稀土元素标准化曲线以右倾为特征。30个锆石点的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄分布于720~828Ma之间，加权平均年龄为776±11Ma （MSWD=2.1）。研究认为，盆地内新元古代片麻状钾长花岗岩的发现表明晓天盆地中心存在隆起，并不是之前研究认为的"斗"形的两边浅中间厚的盆地形态，这对该盆地的构造形态认识和进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

Rare earth element sources and modification in the Lower Kittanning coal bed, Pennsylvania: implications for the origin of coal mineral matter and rare earth element exposure in underground mines

In this study, we examine the variations in rare earth elements (REE) from the Lower Kittanning coal bed of eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania, USA, in an attempt to understand the factors that control mineral matter deposition and modification in coal, and to evaluate possible REE mixed exposure hazards facing underground mine workers. The results of this study suggest that the Lower Kittanning coal mineral matter is derived primarily from a clastic source similar to that of the shale overburden. While highly charged cations like silicon, aluminum, and titanium remained relatively immobile within the coal mineral matter, iron (primarily as pyrite) was added from nonclastic sources, either during deposition of the coal mire vegetation or subsequent to burial. Other mobile cations (e.g., alkali and alkaline earth elements) appear to have been added to and/or leached from the originally deposited clastic mineral matter. Most of the sulfur in the Lower Kittanning coal bed is bound as FeS₂ in the mineral matter, but a majority of samples contain a small excess of S that is most likely organically bound.In general, the total rare earth element content (TREE) in coal ash is greater than that in the shale overburden. If the primary source of mineral matter is the same as that for the overlying shale, then REE must have been enriched in the coal mineral matter subsequent to deposition. The total rare earth element content of Lower Kittanning coals correlates strongly with Si concentration ([TREE]≈0.0024 [Si]), which provides a threshold for evaluating possible mixed exposure health effects. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal a shale-like light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment for the coal, similar to that of the shale overburden, again suggesting a primarily clastic REE source. However, when normalized to the shale overburden, most of the coal ash samples display a small but distinct heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment. We surmise that the HREE were added and/or preferentially retained during epigenesis, possibly associated with groundwater flow through the coal unit, but not necessarily in close association with the addition of iron. At least some of the “excess” HREE could be organically bound within the Lower Kittanning coal.     

滇西北衙金多金属矿床成矿地球化学特征

北衙金多金属矿床是金沙江-哀牢山-红河断裂带与新生代富碱斑岩有关的斑岩型矿床之一.本文重点提供了流体包裹体中稀土微量元素和矿石S、Pb同位素分析结果,并对成矿流体及成矿物质来源等问题进行了讨论.研究表明,本区流体包裹体稀土总量较低,∑REE介于5.19×10-6～9.0×10-6之间,反映轻重稀土分馏程度的∑LREE/...