CaCl2-H2O体系人工合成流体包裹体研究

人工合成包裹体可以作为天然包裹体参照物,提高我们对天然包裹体各种形成作用的认识,并用来模拟天然包裹体以验证许多涉及流体包裹体研究假设的有效性。本文利用人工水晶裂隙愈合方式,在一定的温压条件下合成了具有特定组成的 CaCl_2-H_2O 体系流体包裹体,并对这些合成的包裹体样品进行了详细的测温学研究,结合倪培等(2003)研究结果,进一步证实了:人工合成包裹体与天然包裹体的相似性,以及流体包裹体中捕获流体是母溶液的真实代表性。因此,合成包裹体作为天然包裹体参照物,将在流体包裹体和地质流体研究领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

NaCl-CaCl2-H2O体系人工合成流体包裹体及其冷冻后的熔融行为研究

在倪培等在2003年和丁俊英等在2005年成功开展人工合成包裹体研究的基础上,利用愈合人工水晶裂隙技术,在设定的实验条件下合成了 NaCl-CaCl_2-H_2O 体系的流体包裹体。对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察,显微测温工作,并结合相应相图分析研究——主要对合成包襄体的低温熔融行为进行探讨。结果表明合成的包裹体捕获了既定组成的流体,其低温相变过程与相应相图吻合。因此,人工合成流体包裹体与天然包裹体相似,天然流体包襄体的各种行为可以参照人工合成流体包裹体;同时,通过人工合成流体包裹体校正补充实验相图,使其更准确的被应用于天然包襄体测定分析。     

NaCI—CaCl2-H2O体系人工合成流体包裹体及其冷冻后的熔融行为研究

在倪培等在2003年和丁俊英等在2005年成功开展人工合成包裹体研究的基础上，利用愈合人工水晶裂隙技术，在设定的实验条件下合成了NaCl-CaCl2-H2O体系的流体包裹体。对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察，显微测温工作，并结合相应相图分析研究——主要对合成包裹体的低温熔融行为进行探讨。结果表明合成的包裹体捕获了既定组成的流体，其低温相变过程与相应相图吻合。因此，人工合成流体包裹体与天然包裹体相似，天然流体包裹体的各种行为可以参照人工合成流体包裹体；同时，通过人工合成流体包裹体校正补充实验相图，使其更准确的被应用于天然包裹体测定分析。     

水晶类宝石的热释光特征及其宝石学意义

利用组装的热释光光谱测量装置测试了天然与合成无色水晶、茶晶和紫晶样品的热释光,分析对比了其热释光图谱。结果显示,天然无色水晶样品有较弱的热释光特征,合成无色水晶样品无热释光,两者加热后颜色皆无明显变化;天然茶晶样品无热释光,加热后颜色不改变,合成茶晶样品的热释光强烈,其图谱清晰,加热后茶色退为无色,但如仅加热120S,则仍为茶色;天然紫晶样品无热释光,合成紫晶样品有热释光,加热后颜色均无变化。结果表明,热释光对解决珠宝鉴定中的某些疑难问题具有独到的作用。     

NaCl-H2O-CO2体系人工合成流体包裹体实验研究

NaCl- H2O-CO2体系流体是热液成矿系统中最常见的流体之一,针对该体系相关特征的研究对理解热液矿床的成矿机制和过程、成矿流体特征等具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文利用愈合人工水晶裂隙的技术,开展100 MPa、800℃条件下NaCl-H2 O-CO2体系流体的人工合成包裹体实验,并对其物理化学性质进行了初步探讨.通过对合成的包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温以及喇曼光谱分析,结果表明,在实验温压条件下合成的包裹体捕获了既定组成的流体;人工合成NaCl- H2O-CO2体系流体包裹体与天然流体包裹体具有相似的特征,可以作为天然包裹体的参照物应用于流体包裹体及地质流体的研究,特别是在评价CO2在热液矿床成矿过程中的作用方面,NaCl-H2O-CO2体系人工合成包裹体具有广阔的应用前景.     

表面增生合成水晶簇与天然水晶簇鉴别

水热法合成的表面增生水晶的晶体习性与天然水晶近似,但包体性质、偏光镜干涉色、晶体表面特征等方面有明显区别,藉此可作鉴别。     

人工合成烃类包裹体的实验研究

运用 Sterner 和 Bodnar(1984)提出的愈合裂隙的实验技术,在石英中成功地合成了烃类包裹体,并对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察、显微温度测定及激光拉曼光谱分析等。实验揭示出除合成压力之外,合成温度、反应时间和油水比例是烃类包裹体合成时几个需要重点考虑的因素。此外,合成时加入的初始溶液盐度和酸碱度也值得进一步考虑。人工合成烃类包裹体为研究天然烃类包裹体的形成机制及测定分析奠定了基础。     

人工合成包裹体的实验研究及其在激光拉曼探针测定方面的应用

利用愈合人工水晶裂隙合成人工流体包裹体的技术，在0．5～1kb，350～800℃的范围内，对纯H2O体系、NaCl-H2O体系、KCl—H2O体系进行了人工合成包裹体实验研究。并对这些合成的包裹体进行了详细的测温学研究，证实了合成包裹体是母液成分的真实代表，完全可以用来做为自然界包裹体研究的标样。同时利用合成包裹体采集了均一、和冷冻状态下的拉曼谱，讨论了合成包裹体在激光拉曼探针测定方面的某些可能的应用。研究表明，合成包裹体是了解包裹体的形成机理和进行地质流体性质研究的一种十分有效的手段，在地质流体和实验地球化学研究领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

天然乳白水晶的微组构特征及其对呈色的影响

为了给乳白水晶的评价与改性以及其他工业类型石英乳白色的产生原因研究提供科学依据,采用ICP-OES、SEM、偏光显微镜和体视镜等现代分析测试技术,对比研究了乳白水晶和无色透明水晶的化学成分、气液包裹体、显微结构以及热处理等特征,分析探讨了它们对乳白水晶呈色的影响。结果表明,乳白水晶呈色的影响因素主要有：1)乳白水晶中存在大量的气液包裹体,其各种成分与石英晶体之间的折射率存在较大差值,在自然光下产生乳浊效应,使石英晶体变白;2)乳白水晶中分布有较多长0.1～1mm、宽<50μm的微裂纹和长1mm～4cm、宽1～4mm的微裂隙,微裂纹和微裂隙的气-固界面反射等作用可使乳白水晶呈色。w(SiO₂)≥99.91325%,或Al、B、Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Ti、Fe、Mn、Cu、Cr、Ni等13种痕量杂质元素总量≤867.5×10^-6时,它们对乳白水晶的呈色基本上没有影响。加热温度<500℃,气液包裹体、微裂纹和微裂隙等致色因素并不会消除,因此在此温度条件下对乳白水晶的颜色变化几乎没有影响。     

实验模拟碳酸盐岩储层包裹体对油气充注的响应

设计了一系列不同油水比（3/7,5/5,7/39,/1）的实验,以冰洲石为主矿物合成了烃类包裹体,为探讨碳酸盐岩烃类流体包裹体的形成机制提供了一条有效途径。镜下观察及显微荧光分析发现：样品中合成的包裹体沿裂隙分布,表明微裂隙愈合过程中捕获包裹体,烃类和盐水包裹体既同时出现在同一裂隙中,又有分带出现的情况。样品中合成的烃...     

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions: A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous(Th_(aq)) and oil incluisons(Th_0) within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_(aq) values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area:the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.     

Chemical etching of deformation sub-structures in quartz

Chemical etching of dislocations has been studied in natural and synthetic quartz single crystals, in deformed synthetic quartz and in naturally and experimentally deformed quartzites. The ability of different etchants to produce polished or preferentially etched surfaces on quartz is described. Dislocation etching was achieved on all crystal planes examined by using a saturated solution of ammonium bifluoride as the etchant. Appropriate etching times were determined for etching quartzites for grain size, subgrain boundaries, deformation lamellae, dislocations and twins. Growth and polished surfaces of synthetic single crystal quartz were similarly etched and dislocation etch pits, characteristic of various orientations were found. The use of ammonium bifluoride proved to be expecially advantageous for the basal plane, producing a polished surface with etch pits, suitable for dislocation etch pit counting. “Double” etch pits have been found on Dauphiné twin boundaries on the basal plane and the first order prism, using this etchant. Slip lines and deformation bands were suitably etched on deformed synthetic crystal surfaces for identification of the slip planes. Other acidic etchants have been explored and their application to the study of deformation structures in quartz crystals is discussed.     

LA-ICP-MS analysis of single fluid inclusions in a quartz crystal (Madan ore district,Bulgaria)

A “long-living” crystal of barren quartz from Kroushev Dol Pb-Zn deposit (Madan district, Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria) was studied. The semitransparent base part (the “root”) of the crystal contains abundant inclusions, predominantly along healed cracks, while the upper half or third of the crystal is clear and poor in inclusions. In order to analyze fluid inclusions in the quartz crystal, it was cut into 4 pieces across and along the c-axis and doubly-polished sections were prepared. Fluid inclusions trapped in this quartz supply information about the temporal evolution of paleofluids depositing ore minerals.     

土壤、大气尘中晶体的组成及其物源指示意义——以长沙、株洲和湘潭地区为例

基于长沙、株洲和湘潭地区大气尘(可吸入颗粒和近地表积尘)和表层土壤的X-射线衍射(XRD)分析数据,采用微量相鉴定方法获得的结果显示,大气尘和表层土壤中包含石英、石膏、方解石、白云石、硫酸镉等自然矿物及SiS_2、NiTi、Cd_3As_2、FeOCl等非自然源晶体。比较了长沙、株洲、湘潭地区大气尘与表层土壤的晶体组成,分析了大气尘矿物及非自然源晶体的空间分布,探讨了其环境指示意义。     

Fragmentation of granitic quartz in water

Studies of grain fragmentation in natural streams have the limitation that the full size range of the debris produced is virtually unobtainable. Experiments described here for grain fragmentation in a rotating drum permitted the study of all of the debris, and a fragmentation load technique was used to relate experimentally and naturally fragmented material. The present investigation has been focused on granitic quartz. Relatively gentle collective movement in water can cause significant fragmentation of coarse, nascent, granitic quartz grains. The debris produced by rotating in a drum a range of single sieve fractions, taken from gravel in the headwaters of a stream draining granite, had continuous size distributions down to (and probably beyond) 0·06 μm. Quartz was the dominant fragmentation product in all fractions down to 2 μm and present in finer fractions. When pebbles moved with sand in these experiments, breakage of the latter was greatly increased. In comparison with that of breakage, the effect of attrition on granitic quartz was negligible. At least a proportion of granitic quartz grains are subject to a fatigue effect as a result of impacts in water. Evidently they are thus progressively weakened prior to being broken. Size analysis of debris showed a significant break at 20 μ, suggesting some special production of quartz particles just below this size. Granitic quartz is criss-crossed with partially healed cracks acquired before the zone of weathering is reached. The wholesale breakage that affects it, particularly in pebbly streams, is largely due to the reopening of these cracks. Progressive fragmentation of this material must eventually reach a stage wherein grains comprising single original crack-bounded volume elements are produced. Such grains, lacking significant internal weaknesses, must strongly resist further breakage. Possibly the preferential production of quartz grains just below 20 μm in size may represent an accumulation of these single, crack-bounded volume elements.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8砂岩的流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次分析

利用流体包裹体的分析测试技术与研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8油层组的成藏期次进行了研究。烃类包裹
体及其伴生的盐水包裹体的岩相学特征、均一温度、盐度、密度及成分分析显示,长8储层主要发育两期烃类包裹体,第
一期分布在早期方解石胶结物、石英颗粒表面及其连生的石英加大边中以及未切穿石英颗粒的早期愈合裂缝中,其伴生盐
水包裹体的均一温度峰值为80~90℃;第二期烃类包裹体分布在石英颗粒表面和切穿石英颗粒的裂缝中,其伴生盐水包裹
体的均一温度峰值为100~120℃。储层成岩作用与油气充注微观分析、成岩-烃类充注演化时间序列研究,结合地层埋藏史
和热史分析表明,研究区经历了三期烃类充注事件：第一期（约169~161 Ma） 充注规模小,砂岩中未捕获到这一期适合进
行均一温度与成分测定的烃类包裹体,因此本研究缺乏这期包裹体的温度与成分数据;第二期（约148~135 Ma） 烃类充注
对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第一期烃类包裹体;第三期烃类充注规模最大,发生在早白垩世晚期的125.2~105.7 Ma
之间,为主成藏期,对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第二期烃类包裹体。     

Experimental data on melting reactions of muscovite+quartz in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O to 20 Kb water pressure

New experiments on melting reactions of muscovite + quartz obtained for a mixture using a synthetic muscovite confirm he experimental data obtained for a mixture using a natural muscovite which have been reported recently. [     

Stress-dependent morphological features on fracture surfaces of quartz and glass

Stress dependent morphological features have been found on tensile fracture surfaces of natural Brazilian quartz and synthetic quartz specimens which were flexed in air at room temperature. These features are similar to stress dependent morphological features found on fracture surfaces of pyrex, soda-lime and lead glass when deformed in similar experiments. For glass, the relevant morphological feature is the fracture “mirror”, a planar region surrounding the initial flaw. Stress dependent index features chosen for measurement in quartz depend upon the crystallographic orientation on the fracture surface. Their development is related to the crack-system energy but, in contrast to glass, the features are not directly related to crack branching. The experimental results follow an equation of the form: where σ_f is the fracture stress, r* is the size of a particular morphological feature (e.g. the “mirror” radius in the case of glass) and A* is a constant.From the magnitudes of A* and the fracture toughness determined in these experiments we conclude that the natural Brazilian quartz used in this study has significantly higher resistance to fracture than synthetic quartz.