西北大开发中废水资源化的地位与作用

从西北地区水情分析出发,论述了水情形势变化与区域生态环境之演变,在定量分析废水量的概念及废水利用带来的生态环境效益与经济社会效益的同时,指出解决西北干旱区水资源紧缺及生态环境建设用水缺乏的可行途径之一,即废水开发利用.并提出推进西北干旱区废水资源化的若干合理化建议.     

钽铌钨锡多金属矿分离加工废水处理工艺研究

研究了采用石灰中和＋化学絮凝沉淀、有机复合脱氮剂分质处理钽铌钨锡多金属矿分离加工产生的酸性和碱性废水,氟化物、氨氮去除率可达到99.9%以上,重金属离子去除率可达到99%以上,氨回收率可达到98%以上。该处理工艺可实现废水资源化,回收的稀氨水可返回生产工艺再利用,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

淮河流域洪水资源化的理论与实践探讨

洪水资源化是获得水资源的新途径。本文解释了洪水资源化的理论基础．阐述了洪水资源化的概念及其基本内涵。分析了洪水资源化在淮河流域实行的必要性和可行性．提出了淮河流域洪水资源化利用的基本思路，并指出了实现淮河流域洪水资源化的主要途径。     

用焦化废水作补水的循环冷却水系统腐蚀控制实验研究

焦化废水的排放会带来严重的水污染问题,迫切需要将其资源化,用作循环冷却水的补水是其资源化的重要途径。为了防止给循环冷却水系统带来腐蚀,根据水质稳定理论,采用静态和动态实验相结合的方法,研究了焦化废水作补水的循环冷却水系统腐蚀特性及控制技术。结果表明,焦化废水中的污染物造成的系统腐蚀以点蚀为主,应优先使用磷系沉淀膜型缓蚀技术。通过实验优选出的HEDP+Zn2+复合配方,可在传热面上形成牢固的缓蚀膜,缓蚀率达到85.6%,普通碳钢的腐蚀速率为0.105mm/a,满足《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB50050-95)的要求。实际循环冷却水系统应用证明,使用该复合配方能在循环水浓缩倍数为2~2.2时,经济有效地解决系统的腐蚀问题,为焦化废水的资源化开辟了一条可行的途径。     

人工湿地处理污水技术及其在吉林省西部应用的可行性研究

人工湿地是通过模拟自然湿地人为设计建造的，利用基质、植物和微生物这一复合生态系统的物理、化学及生物的协调互用，通过过滤、吸附、共沉淀、离子交换、植物吸附和微生物分解来实现对废水的高效净化。通过对吉林省西部湿地的实地考察，对该地的自然、经济、社会状况等条件加以分析，认为人工湿地处理污水在该地具有可行性，不仅具有处理污水的环保效益，而且具有对湿地盐碱化改良、湿地退化遏制的生态、社会效益，改善土壤的理化性质，以及废水资源化用于灌溉、种植芦苇等经济作物的经济效益。最后还对人工湿地的处理技术提出了一些建议并指出其前景及今后关注聚焦点。     

推进煤矸石资源化利用的对策建议

煤矸石是我国排放量和堆存量最大的工业固体废弃物之一，但又是可以利用的资源，只要加以资源化利用，就能会变废为宝。在研究我国煤矸石综合利用现状的基础上，指出了煤矸石综合利用中存在的主要问题，从制定规划、完善经济政策、加强法制建设等方面提出了加快推进煤矸石资源化利用的建议。     

含硫酸废水处理利用的实验研究

实验研究了含高浓度硫酸废水的一种资源化利用方法─—与废铁屑反应生成化工原料七水硫酸亚铁。给出了酸浓度、反应时间、反应温度、剩余酸等各种因素对产品产量的影响。提供了处理工艺,并且把自制品与分析纯试剂及理论计算值进行了比较,三者基本在同一质量水平上。     

中联西北院昕宇公司一项技术入选国家重点环境保护实用技术名录

近日,中联西北院工程设计研究院控股的陕西听宇表面工程有限公司（以下简称“中联西北院听宇公司”）以“电镀废水深度处理及资源化利用技术”入选2014年国家重点环境保护实用技术名录（第一批）,成为陕西省2014年唯一入选名录的企业。     

澳大利亚水文服务有限公司水文设备新产品展示会在京举办

澳大利亚水文服务有限公司水文设备新产品展示会在京举办１９９６年５月２０—２２日，在北京友谊宾馆举办了澳大利亚水文服务有限公司（Ｈ．Ｓ．ＰＴＹ）水文设备新产品展示会、展示会是由该公司及其在中国的独家代理——国家科委中国水污染与废水资源化研究中心（海淀区...     

半碑店铁矿矿坑涌水资源化利用分析

矿坑涌水资源化利用是解决水资源供需矛盾的有效途径。对矿区水文地质特征进行分析,预测矿坑涌水量,分析矿坑涌水资源化利用的经济效益,将矿坑涌水资源化利用,符合唐山市实施最严格水资源管理制度的要求,减少了改市地下水开采量,保护地下水环境,创造了客观的经济效益。     

A critical review on waste paper sorting techniques

Efficient waste paper recycling has a significant role in the sustainable environment. Recyclable waste paper as a fundamental ingredient of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) is indeed an “urban ore”. Waste papers are considered as the solid recovered fuel which is recovered from MSW. Recyclable waste papers are segregated into various grades to produce high-quality products. Moreover, sorted paper streams save energy, chemicals, and water, as well as reduce sludge and rejects. Information technology is widely integrated with the waste management industry into its operations such as recycling, reuse, segregating based on categories and so on. This review article focuses on the life cycle of waste paper and existing waste paper sorting techniques. In the paper industry, many types of sensors are used in different mechanical and optical waste paper sorting systems. Such sensors include lignin, gloss, stiffness, mid-infrared, infrared, and color sensors. In this review, also described the effectiveness of different waste paper sorting systems, and finally, recommended appropriate waste paper sorting techniques based on effectiveness and low-cost implementation.     

滇东北镇雄硫磺矿区环境地质问题及其对策与意义

硫磺渣是硫磺矿区主要的矿业固废,其随意堆放可产生一系列的环境地质问题,并对山水林田湖草等自然资源、环境及人的健康构成较大危害。滇东北地区长期以硫铁矿为原料、以煤炭为燃料,土法炼硫生产硫磺,导致巨量硫磺渣堆积,产生了严重的环境地质问题。本文针对该地区镇雄县硫磺矿区,调查了小硫磺生产形成硫磺渣的规模和特征,梳理了该硫磺矿区主要环境地质问题及其对当地生态环境的影响,认为目前镇雄硫磺矿区存在的环境污染、自然资源破坏及可能形成的矿渣性泥石流等环境地质现状与过去40多年的小硫磺生产密切相关。基于以上认识,强调应结合矿业固废无害化、减量化和资源化技术政策,从资源回收利用、生态环境恢复、地质灾害防治和文化遗产保护方面探讨和提出镇雄硫磺矿区矿渣治理和生态修复的新理念和新对策。     

废雷尼镍催化剂的组成分析

运用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、等离子体发射光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜、元素分析等多种仪器分析手段,对一种废雷尼镍催化剂的组成进行全面分析,该废催化剂中镍元素的含量较高,具有较高的回收利用价值;通过实验得到其中组分镍、铝、钙、铁、钼、铜、硅的定量信息和部分定性信息,建立了废雷尼镍催化剂中镍回收利用的技术方案。     

Intra-urban patterns of domestic solid waste recycling in sub-Saharan Africa: towards an exploratory search for insights in Gaborone,Botswana

Botswana is among those developing countries that are rapidly transitioning from predominantly rural to urban societies. Gaborone, its capital city, is seriously confronted by formidable challenges of sustainable metropolitan management, including the proper handling of solid domestic waste. Although the international convention of the 3-Rs, namely, Recycle, Reduce, Reuse is generally accepted; its implementation remains elusive. It is therefore of utmost importance to unravel significant determinants of the gap between nominal acceptance and praxis in order to influence policy. This preliminary case study, consequently, sought to identify the underlying factors that differentiate waste recycling practices from high, medium, and low socio-economic areas Gaborone. Key informants, including municipal officials and company representatives, in charge of city solid waste management, were interviewed. A probit model was used to analyze those factors that could influence recycling and waste separation practices. Results showed that tenure, gender, income, affluence, location of house increase the likelihood of recycling while age, education level, household size and source of waste management information did not influence the likelihood of recycling. Stakeholders should place greater emphasis on positive environmental awareness, and appropriate reward systems for recycling domestic solid waste and recycling should be tailored according to the locational needs.     

基础工程浆液资源化综合利用技术

地下连续墙、水平定向钻、盾构和顶管等领域的基础工程浆液具有用量大、污染物较为单一的特点。随着国家各项环保法规的实施,基础工程浆液的综合处理尤为重要。提出一种基础工程浆液资源化综合利用技术,即循环浆液采用“除砂+净化浆液与钻渣综合利用”技术,废弃浆液采用“除钙+降低pH+絮凝分离+压滤处理+废液与泥饼的综合利用”技术。以武汉市某地下连续墙工程现场浆液为研究对象,研究循环浆液和废弃浆液的资源化综合利用效果。结果表明：(1)循环浆液经过除砂后得到净化浆液和钻渣,前者可重新用于工程施工中,后者可用于培育披碱草、黑麦草等草籽,发芽率为100%。(2)加入5%的碳酸氢钠可将废弃浆液Ca²⁺质量浓度从703.5 mg/L降低至173.6 mg/L,加入质量分数为3.3%的氯化铵可将pH值从13降低至9,加入300 mg/L的絮凝剂A-2可得到明显的絮凝物。絮凝物经过压滤后得到废液和泥饼,在废液中加入质量分数为2%的碳酸氢钠后可用于重新配制工程浆液,泥饼与30%～60%的营养土混合后可进行草籽培育,发芽率为72%。(3)过量的盐离子和高pH会对植物生长产生毒害作用,应先对废弃浆液...     

钻探工程废弃钻井液处理技术及进展

介绍了国内外废钻井液处理方法的发展现状,研究了废弃钻井液对环境的危害和影响,阐述了坑内填埋、固液分离法、固化处理、循环使用以及几种特殊的钻井液处理技术。在此基础上,提出了一些建议,如开发新型环保钻井液和钻井液添加剂;加强固控,减少废钻井液的排放;综合开发利用如微生物法等新技术等,为其他类似区域钻井工程的环境保护提供参考。     

Recovery of valuable materials from aluminium salt cakes

Salt cakes, which are nominally waste products derived from aluminium dross melting furnaces, are complex mixtures of some 20 different compounds made up of many different elements. Normally they are regarded as waste products and they are disposed of in toxic waste dumps. However, it is shown here that some components are readily recoverable as high-grade products for recycling or sale and that the residues thus generated can be non-toxic. Recoverable components include metallic aluminium, salt (halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl)), alumina-containing compounds, and possibly hydrogen gas.     

Estimating contamination potential at waste-disposal sites using a natural tracer

Chloride is a conservative, natural tracer found in precipitation, soil water, and groundwater. The chloride mass-balance approach, long used to estimate groundwater recharge, also provides a downward flux of moisture and solute at sites where there is a potential for groundwater contamination. The flux is obtained by dividing the product of the mean annual precipitation and total annual chloride input (via precipitation and dust) by the mean soil-water chloride content. Chlorideversusdepth profiles can also be used to determine optimum depth of waste burial to minimize deterioration of waste containers. The method has been applied to three sites in arid alluvial-basin settings in New Mexico, U.S.A.: a proposed landfill, a battery recycling plant, and a hazardous-waste disposal facility. It is concluded that the method is reliable, economical, and practical. Furthermore, it can be applied at any stage in the development of a site. The chloride method should apply in any recharge area where the base of the root zone is separated from the water table by at least 3 m or so and chloride in soil water comes only from precipitation and dust.     

Evaluation of water quality and protection strategies of water resources in arid–semiarid climates: a case study in the Yuxi River Valley of Northern Shaanxi Province, China

Water resource structure is one of the most important factors that constrain the economic development in arid–semiarid areas. Sustainable use of water requires a thorough understanding of the local geology and hydrology and developing of effective protection strategies. Discussed in this paper is a study on the phreatic water quality of the Yuxi River Valley of Shaanxi Province, China. The Yuxi River Valley passes through the Shaanbei energy base, which demands large quantities of high-quality water. A total of 129 water samples were collected in 4,938 km² in a recent study to delineate the areas with water suitable for drinking, industrial, and agricultural usage and areas with poor quality. The study indicates that the poor quality of water contains high concentrations of NH⁴⁺ and NO₂⁻¹, indicating possible contamination by waste disposal in the nearby cities and towns. A series of strategies are proposed to protect the water in the Yuxi River Valley, including proper treatment and recycling of the waste water in the cities and towns, strict control of the waste-water discharge from any new factories and mines, and prevention of groundwater contamination by wastes containing heavy metals.