绿柱石的成因与特征的研究

绿柱石是提炼稀有金属铍的重要矿石矿物,也是重要的宝石矿物。文章从绿柱石的矿床特点、包裹体和谱学特征、绿柱石的优化处理及人工合成等方面,对国内近年来在绿柱石研究方面的进展进行了综述,并对绿柱石的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

草莓红“绿柱石”的晶体化学研究

利用扫描电镜 能谱仪(SEM EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)、高分辨等离子质谱仪(HR ICP MS)和X 射线单晶衍射仪等方法,对一种新的含高铯矿物进行了分析,发现其成分、结构和光学特征等均异于常见的含Cs绿柱石(Morganite)。它是一种含高铯属三方晶系的、新发现的宝石矿物,称此宝石矿物为草莓红"绿柱石"(Rasp berry"Beryl")。晶体化学式为:(Cs0 627Na0 095K0 041Rb0 031Ca0 028)0 822(Be2 099Li0 869)2 968(Al1 964Fe0 010)1 974Si6 040O18。晶胞参数a=1 59735nm,c=2 78444nm,α=β=90°,γ=120°,V=6 15274nm3。折射率No=1 615～1 616,Ne=1 607±,双折射率为0 008～0 009,S G 为3 00～3 10。     

四川平武绿柱石宝石成矿地质特征

四川平武产出世界上十分稀少和珍贵的无色透明扁平板状绿柱石宝石。在野外详细调研和系统分析、测试基础上，全国总结和介绍矿床成矿地质环境，绿柱石宝石产出特征，绿柱石宝石矿物学、化学成分、结晶习性及晶体化学、谱学特征、包裹体特征，花岗岩与Be及W,Sn矿化关系和成矿的物理、化学条件。从而，确认该矿床为岩浆期后气成-热液型绿柱石宝石矿床。     

绿柱石中包裹体研究进展

从包裹体性质、类型、成分特征等方面详细介绍了近年来国内外绿柱石中包裹体研究在绿柱石的成因类型、形成条件及绿柱石宝石的产地的判别、绿柱石宝石的鉴别等方面的进展 ;同时也介绍了包裹体研究中某些测试技术的进展 ,并对绿柱石中包裹体研究提出了一些建议。     

四川省平武县绿柱石中的流体包裹体研究

介绍了四川省平武县产出的绿柱石晶体中流体包裹体的均一温度和激光拉曼光谱分析结果，探讨了绿柱石形成时的物理化学条件。研究表明绿柱石矿床属气成－热液成因，包裹体类型以气液流体包裹体为主，还有含方解石子晶的流体包裹体。绿柱石的形成温度较宽，最佳温度为275－300℃，成矿压力86MPa左右，绿柱石形成时体系中的CO2密度较高，ρ（CO2）＝0.662g/cm^3,成矿流体的盐度较低，w(NaCl)约为6.191%。     

四川平武板状绿柱石矿物学特征及板状成因

在综合该区绿柱石产出背景的基础上,从围岩蚀变、矿物共生组合、矿物标型形态和绿柱石测温测压等方面确定平武绿柱石矿床是气成高温浅成石英脉型矿床。文中对绿柱石矿物进行了湿法化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、微形貌分析,研究了该区绿柱石的形态、物性、化学成分及类质同象特征,确定该区绿柱石为板状晶形的含铯钠锂绿柱石,碱金属平均质量分数为2.412%(Li2O+Na2O+K2O+ Rb2O+Cs2O)。板状含碱绿柱石一般发育在伟晶岩中,气成高温热液矿床中产出板状含碱绿柱石极为罕见。在以上工作基础上,从绿柱石形成的内因和外因两方面探讨了绿柱石的板状成因。     

中国不同类型铍矿床中绿柱石流体包裹体特征研究

采用偏光显微镜薄片观察、激光拉曼成分分析等方法, 对伟晶岩型和岩浆热液型铍矿床中绿柱石的流体包裹体进行了岩相学观察和成分分析。结果表明, 绿柱石中原生流体包裹体形态多样, 常孤立或成群沿晶体生长带定向分布, 大小从5~80 μm不等。流体包裹体类型以富液相型气液两相包裹体最常见, 其次为含液相CO2的三相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体, 偶见固体包裹体和熔融包裹体。其中, 伟晶岩型绿柱石中包裹体数量和种类更为丰富, 常见含子晶多相包裹体和气液包裹体共存, 岩浆热液型绿柱石中包裹体则相对较少, 可见熔融包裹体与富液相CO2流体包裹体共存。流体包裹体气相成分主要以CO2和N2为主, 液相主要为H2O和CO2以及CO2– 3、HCO– 3等离子。伟晶岩型绿柱石中常见含石英、云母、钠长石等子矿物的多相包裹体, 由伟晶岩中晶体快速结晶形成; 岩浆热液型绿柱石中的有机质气体更丰富, 与氧化剂Al2O3活度较低而形成相对还原环境有关。富含CO2、H2O成分的流体更有利于绿柱石的形成。结合流体包裹体的生成机制, 认为岩浆热液型绿柱石形成于岩浆演化晚期的热液阶段, 伟晶岩型绿柱石形成于岩浆-热液过渡→热液阶段, 绿柱石的形成机制为岩浆的结晶分异和液态不混溶作用。     

四川平武雪宝顶绿柱石的振动光谱

自然界中绿柱石晶体多为柱状,具板状晶形的绿柱石非常少见。对产 于四川雪宝顶 云英岩晶洞中的无色透明板状绿柱石及产于雪宝顶蒲口坡石英脉中的绿柱石进行了红外和拉 曼光谱分析,并与产于阿尔泰三号伟晶岩脉中的柱状绿柱石进行了比较。雪宝顶两个绿柱 石的结构通道中的水以II型水为主,而阿尔泰绿柱石结构通道中的水以I型水为主。雪宝顶 绿柱石中Li对Be的替换也对它的红外及拉曼光谱造成了影响。     

翡翠中的包裹体及其品级的激光拉曼谱学研究

翡翠中含有较少的包裹体。在显微镜下观察到淡翠绿色的、比较透明的、云雾状的翡翠有〈４μｍ的包裹体。包裹体由熔融包裹体和流体包裹体两个类型组成。在近代激光拉曼技术迅速发展和广泛应用的基础上,运用付里叶变换激光拉曼探针鉴定翡翠的真假、质地优劣以及质量等级。     

四川雪宝顶钨锡铍矿床流体包裹体研究及其意义

四川雪宝顶钨锡铍矿床产于花岗岩体与三叠系地层大理岩的接触带,赋矿石英脉受大理岩中的劈理破碎带控制。绿柱石与白钨矿中的包裹体可分为熔融包裹体、流体熔融包裹体和流体包裹体3类。流体包裹体又可分为H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体,其中,绿柱石中以富含CO2-H2O包裹体为显著特征。加热时,富H2O相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一至H2O相,富CO2相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一至CO2相,而二者的完全均一温度和均一压力一致,表明它们是同期捕获的CO2-低盐水不混溶包裹体组合。与绿柱石相比,白钨矿中CO2-H2O包裹体数量明显减少,H2O包裹体数量增多,成矿压力与成矿温度均有所降低。含CO2流体在花岗岩体与大理岩接触带附近发生流体不混溶和相分离,CO2的出溶使成矿流体中pH值升高,f(O2)降低,导致钨的溶解度降低而沉淀,这是形成白钨矿的主要原因。     

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床矿物学特征和形成机制

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床位于龙门山西北缘,主要赋存在盘口和浦口岭花岗岩之间的大理岩张性裂隙中。雪宝顶矿床中出现的矿物晶体颗粒巨大,且矿脉中矿物分带明显。矿脉在花岗岩中主要由绿柱石、锡石、白云母和钾长石(fd1、fd2和fd3)组成,在大理岩围岩中则由绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、萤石、方解石、石英、钠长石晶体(Ab4和Ab5)以及针状电气石和细粒磷灰石组成。3种不同形态的钾长石和2种不同形态的钠长石贯穿了整个矿脉的演化。随着围岩从花岗岩到大理岩的转换,晶体颗粒从小于1 cm的绿柱石、锡石演化至可达20 cm的绿柱石、锡石、萤石和白钨矿。采用EPMA、XRF、ICP-MS对单矿物颗粒进行全岩测试分析,结果显示:雪宝顶板状绿柱石介于Na-Li绿柱石和Li-Cs绿柱石之间,白钨矿中富集∑REE+Y(350×10~(-6)),白云母属于含Li白云母,磷灰石属于氟磷灰石,钾长石和钠长石比较纯净[fd1(Or 95.34~93.96)、fd2(Or 96.28~97.88)、fd3(Or 95.74~98.39)、Ab4(Ab 99.19~100)、Ab5(Ab 99.58~100)]。结合前人研究资料推测矿床形成机制为:在花岗岩演化的晚期,富F流体的脱熔作用大量富集了Li、Rb、Cs、W、Sn、Be、P等元素。这些来自于熔体的元素以不同的化合物形式(如SnF)在分离结晶过程中富集,通过成矿流体运移然后在花岗岩裂隙中小规模沉淀。花岗岩体的冷却引发的体积缩小导致了大理岩围岩中出现了放射状的张性裂隙。张性裂隙是控制成矿流体输运的主要通道,并引发了流体不混溶(相分离)。这个过程还伴随着包裹体均一温度不断下降和含矿络合物与围岩之间不断发生反应导致络合物不断分解。此时,成矿围岩从花岗岩变成大理岩,含F络合物大量被破坏造成成矿物质W-Sn-Be等元素大量沉淀,形成颗粒巨大的矿物晶体。选取与大颗粒绿柱石晶体共生的云母样品进行Ar-Ar定年并获得反等时线年龄195.7±2.5 Ma,代表了雪宝顶矿床形成的主成矿期年龄。     

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床中矿物化学组成及矿床成因

雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究.本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析.结果显示,雪宝顶矿...     

Fluid Inclusion Studies of Ore and Gangue Minerals from the Piaotang Tungsten Deposit, Southern Jiangxi Province, China

The Piaotang deposit is one of the largest vein-type W-polymetallic deposits in southern Jiangxi Province, South China. The coexistence of wolframite and cassiterite is an important feature of the deposit. Based on detailed petrographic observations, microthermometry of fluid inclusions in wolframite, cassiterite and intergrown quartz was undertaken. The inclusions in wolframite were observed by infrared microscope, while those in cassiterite and quartz were observed in visible light. The fluid inclusions in wolframite can be divided into two types: aqueous inclusions with a large vapor-phase proportion and aqueous inclusions with a small vapor-phase ratio. The homogenization temperature (Th) of inclusions in wolframite with large vapor-phase ratios ranged from 280°C to 390°C, with salinity ranging from 3.1 to 7.2 wt% NaCl eq. In contrast, the Th values of inclusions with small vapor-phase ratios ranged from 216°C to 264°C, with salinity values ranging from 3.5 to 9.3 wt% NaCl eq. Th values of primary inclusions in cassiterite ranged from 316°C to 380°C, with salinity ranging from 5.4 to 9.3 wt% NaCl eq. Th values for primary fluid inclusions in quartz ranged from 162°C to 309°C, with salinity values ranging from 1.2 to 6.7 wt% NaCl eq. The results show that the formation conditions of wolframite, cassiterite and intergrown quartz are not uniform. The evolutionary processes of fluids related to these three kinds of minerals are also significantly different. Intergrown quartz cannot provide the depositional conditions of wolframite and cassiterite. The fluids related to tungsten mineralization for the NaCl-H2O system had a medium-to-high temperature and low salinity, while the fluids related to tin mineralization for the NaCl-H2O system had a high temperature and medium-to-low salinity. The results of this study suggest that fluid cooling is the main mechanism for the precipitation of tungsten and tin.     

Hydroxycalciopyrochlore,A New Mineral Species from Sichuan,China

Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, ideally(Ca,Na,U,□)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH), cubic, is a new mineral species(IMA2011-026) within the pyrochlore supergroup that was found occurring at the Maoniuping mine, Mianning County, Xichang prefecture, Sichuan Province, southwest China. The mineral is found in an alkali feldspar granite rare-earth ore deposit(26–27 Ma). Associated minerals include calcite, barite, celestine, albite, aegirine, aegirine-augite, fluorite, parasite-(Ce), thorite, thorianite, zircon, galena, sphalerite, magnetite, and pyrite. Crystals occur mostly as octahedra, and less often as dodecahedra and tetrahexahedra or combinations thereof. Some occur with an allotriomorphic habit with a thick triangular tabular form. Crystals generally range from 0.1 to 1 mm in size. The mineral is brownishblack, greenish-black and black on fresh sections with a brown streak. The crystal is translucent, and has a greasy lustre on fresh sections. It is metamict without any observed parting or cleavage and with a conchoidal fracture. The Vickers microhardness is 572 kg/mm2(5–6 on the Mohs hardness scale). The density measured by hydrostatic weighing is 5.10(3) g/cm3. The strongest four reflections in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in(I) hkl] are: 2.9657(100) 2 2 2, 1.8142(34) 0 4 4, 1.5463(21) 2 2 6, 2.5688(18) 0 0 4. The unit-cell parameters are a = 10.381(4), V = 1118.7(7)3, Z = 8. The structure was solved and refined in the space group Fd3m with R = 0.09. The empirical formula is(Ca0.74Na0.58U0.40Ce0.05Fe0.02□0.21)2.00(Nb1.15Ti0.80Ta0.03Al0.01Mg0.01)2.00O6.02 [(OH)1.01F0.09]1.10, on the basis of 2 atoms of B pfu; the simplified formula is(Ca,Na,U,□)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH). Type material is deposited in the Geological Museum of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China, catalogue number M11800.     

A Preliminary Study on the Aghbolaq(Fe,Cu) Skarn Deposit,Oshnavieh, NW Iran: Constraints on Metasomatic Fluid Evolution

The Aghbolaq skarn deposit is located in the Urumieh-Golpayegan plutonic belt,NW Iran.The garnetite skarn(stage I) has been intensely cross-cut by the magnetite-garnet skarn (stage II) which were,in turn,cut and offset by the orehosting quartz veins/veinlets (stage III).The predominance of andradite (Adr_(82.5–89.1)) and its high Fe~(3+)/Al ratio (up to 1685)apparently supports the high f O_2,salinity and prevalence of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids involved,rather than meteoric waters,during the magnetite-garnet skarn formation.Two major groups of fluid inclusions,namely aqueous (LV,LVS) and aqueous–carbonic (LV_C,LL_CV_C),were recognized in garnet and quartz veins that,especially in growth zones and along intra-granular trails,better display fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) than those in clusters.The prograde magnetite-garnet skarn was formed by the metasomatic fluid at relatively high T_h (209–374℃),under a lithostatic pressure of～200 bars.The retrograde mineralized quartz veins were formed at temperatures ranging from 124℃to 256℃,by dilute and less saline(2.57–11.93 wt%Na Cl eq.) hydrothermal fluids under a hydrostatic pressure of～80 bars.The fluid evolution of the Aghbolaq skarn began with an earlier simple cooling of metasomatic fluid during the prograde stage,followed by the later influx of low salinity meteoric fluids during the retrograde stage.     

四川九龙县里伍铜矿包裹体研究

成矿物质来源是矿床研究的重要内容。本文通过里伍铜矿含矿岩石中的石英流体包裹体的温度、成分和盐度测试分析,以及矿床地球化学特征研究,结合区域地质演化历史,揭示其成矿物质来源、成矿物质的运移和浓集机制,为解释里伍铜矿的成矿环境和成因提供依据。     

CH4-H2O体系流体包裹体拉曼光谱定量分析和计算方法

CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体研究对含油气盆地流体分析和成矿流体研究都有重要的意义。本文详细介绍了H2O、CH4和CH4—H2O体系的拉曼光谱特征及分子作用,分析了CH4—H2O体系热力学特征,同时对CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体拉曼光谱定量分析和计算的方法及步骤进行了叙述。利用人工合成流体包裹体建立甲烷浓度与拉曼特征峰面积比值之间的校正曲线是实现CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体定量分析的基础。盐度对包裹体定量分析的影响最为显著,在恒定甲烷浓度下,甲烷与水的拉曼峰面积比值随着盐度增加而减少。对于流体包裹体封闭体系,随温度升高,液相甲烷浓度增大。校正曲线必须包含对温度和盐度的校正。石英主矿物性质和方位对甲烷浓度定量分析的影响可以忽略。实验研究表明,原位拉曼光谱技术是准确获取流体包裹体中甲烷水合物生成条件的一种有效方法。因此,基于拉曼光谱分析和显微测温分析结果,采用热力学模型可以定量计算CH4—H2O体系流体包裹体的相关参数。     

Fluid—Melt and Fluid Inclusions in Mianning REE Deposit,Sichuan Southwest Cina

Abundant fluid-melt inclusions are found in the aegirine-augite-barite pegmatite and carbonatite veins in the Mianning REE deposit,Sichuan,They were trapped in early stage fluorite and quartz from a salt-melt system at temperatures higher than 5000℃,Meanwhile,fluid inclusions are also present in alrge amounts in bastnaesite.Homogenized between 150 and 270℃,these inclusions are thought to be representative of the physico-chemical conditions of REE mineralization.These results show that the Mianning REE deposit is of typical hydrothermal origin developed from a salt-melt system.