安徽宁国张村地区锑矿床控制因素及成因

安徽宁国张村锑矿处于江南造山带北东端,是近年发现的锑矿床。锑矿赋存于后南华系盖层张性滑脱断层中,控矿断层下盘为早寒武世荷塘组炭质硅质泥岩及震旦—寒武纪皮园村组硅质岩,上盘为寒武—奥陶纪西阳山组泥质灰岩夹透镜状微晶灰岩、晚寒武世华严寺组灰岩。张村锑矿成矿地质体为角砾岩,成矿结构面为北西向张性断层。断层是含矿热液流动的通道,Sb丰度值高的西阳山组泥质灰岩是锑矿的形成基础,且灰岩性脆易碎,在地质营力作用下形成裂隙,有利于天水及深部热液流体循环萃取矿质。锑矿自然类型为辉锑矿化角砾岩,局部夹有充填型块状辉锑矿,矿床成因初步定为低温热液脉状充填矿床。     

安徽宁国石口金矿地质特征及控矿因素

摘要: 安徽宁国石口金矿位于钦杭成矿带北东段,是最近新发现的金矿床。在野外地质调查和室内综合研究的基础上,对石口金矿的地质特征及控矿因素进行研究。结果表明:石口金矿矿体主要产于断裂破碎带中,呈透镜状、似层状,矿石以断裂角砾岩型为主。晚寒武世—早奥陶世西阳山组泥质灰岩、早奥陶世印渚埠组泥岩是控矿地层,NW向张性断裂是最主要的容矿构造。石口金矿NW向断裂具有较好的找矿潜力,该金矿的发现为钦杭成矿带金矿找矿勘查提供了新思路,可进一步扩大该区找矿空间。     

安徽宁国石口金矿地质特征及控矿因素

安徽宁国石口金矿位于钦杭成矿带北东段,是最近新发现的金矿床。在野外地质调查和室内综合研究的基础上,对石口金矿的地质特征及控矿因素进行研究。结果表明:石口金矿矿体主要产于断裂破碎带中,呈透镜状、似层状,矿石以断裂角砾岩型为主。上寒武统—下奥陶统西阳山组泥质灰岩、下奥陶统印渚埠组泥岩是控制金矿的地层,NW向张性断裂是最主要的容矿构造。石口金矿NW向断裂具有较大的找矿潜力,该金矿的发现为钦杭成矿带金矿找矿勘查提供了新思路,可进一步扩大该区找矿空间。     

安徽宁国石口金矿地质特征及控矿因素

安徽宁国石口金矿位于钦杭成矿带北东段,是最近新发现的金矿床。在野外地质调查和室内综合研究的基础上,对石口金矿的地质特征及控矿因素进行研究。结果表明:石口金矿矿体主要产于断裂破碎带中,呈透镜状、似层状,矿石以断裂角砾岩型为主。上寒武统—下奥陶统西阳山组泥质灰岩、下奥陶统印渚埠组泥岩是控制金矿的地层,NW向张性断裂是最主要的容矿构造。石口金矿NW向断裂具有较大的找矿潜力,该金矿的发现为钦杭成矿带金矿找矿勘查提供了新思路,可进一步扩大该区找矿空间。     

皖南金家山金矿地质特征及控矿因素

金家山金矿受张性或扭张性断层控制,成矿地质体为构造角砾岩,围岩为新元古代环砂组和牛屋组浊积岩。矿石自然类型以蚀变岩型为主,少量含金石英脉;矿石矿物主要为毒砂、黄铁矿,少量黄铜矿、闪锌矿、褐铁矿。通过金家山及周边地区十多年金矿勘查和分析,初步认为金家山地区金矿为低温热液交代叠加构造岩形成的微细浸染型金矿。     

皖南金家山金矿地质地球化学特征及找矿方法

金家山金矿位于江南隆起带北缘,赋存于新元古代浅变质浊积岩基底岩层中,其成矿结构面为张性或扭张性断层,成矿地质体为角砾岩。矿石工业类型为角砾岩型金矿,矿石矿物主要为毒砂、黄铁矿,少量黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、褐铁矿、自然金,矿石结构主要为半自形晶粒状结构、他形粒状结构,矿石构造以浸染状构造为主。通过地球化学工作有效圈出矿致异常,研究区Au元素属显著富集、强烈变异、极强叠加型元素,说明该区地质体遭受的后期各种构造作用叠加对金矿成矿有利,初步认为地球化学配合地质测量和探矿工程可快速找金。     

甘肃省徽县周家山金矿找矿前景分析

周家山金矿位于西秦岭多金属成矿带,矿区印支期闪长岩脉大量分布,断裂构造较为发育。结合区域地质特征及对该区地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体特征等因素进行分析,通过对周家山金矿成矿规律及找矿前景研究,认为该矿床主要受断裂构造与岩浆岩的控制,断裂构造严格控制着矿体的分布,岩浆岩为含金地质体,并且两者叠加部位含矿性好。     

甘肃阳山超大型金矿地质地球化学特征及矿床成因

秦岭造山带是中生代华北和扬子大陆碰撞形成的造山带,甘肃阳山超大型金矿是秦岭造山带内储量最大、代表性最强的金矿床,也是中国最大的金矿床之一。本文对阳山金矿地质和地球化学特征的系统总结表明,阳山金矿矿体形成受断裂构造控制;主要赋存在泥盆系三河口群泥质、粉砂质千枚岩内,部分矿体赋存在花岗斑岩内或两侧;主要的金属矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂;流体包裹体和C、H、O、S、Sr、Pb同位素研究显示,成矿流体主要源自变质热液或地层改造热液;成矿物质主要来自泥盆系三河口群和碧口群。阳山金矿矿化作用时间为190Ma左右,滞后花岗斑岩岩浆侵位时间约30Ma,排除了金成矿与晚三叠世的花岗岩浆作用有关的可能。阳山金矿矿床地质特征类似于卡林型金矿,成矿流体则具造山型矿床特征,总体上属造山型向卡林型金矿过渡性质的类卡林型金矿床。由于阳山金矿的矿化时间与西秦岭陆陆碰撞和大规模流体成矿事件相一致,因此阳山金矿是陆陆碰撞体制下流体演化和成矿作用形成的卡林-类卡林型金矿的代表。     

甘肃省文县阳山金矿带深部成矿预测——以311号脉群为例

阳山金矿带严格受区域性松柏-黎坪断裂的次级断裂安昌河-观音坝断裂的控制,矿体产出于泥盆系中统三河口组第三、第四岩性段的千枚岩、千枚岩夹薄层灰岩、千枚岩夹粉砂岩地层中,矿体具有沿断裂带分段富集,平行等距（100～200 m）产出的特点。随着阳山金矿带的地质勘查工作的进行,矿区远景规模不断扩大,加强矿区深部成矿预测对指导今后地质勘查具有重要的作用。本文对阳山金矿带311号金矿脉群进行了构造叠加晕研究,建立了构造叠加晕理想模型;预测成矿靶区3处,深部盲矿预测靶区1处。     

江苏宁镇地区构造-层控金矿的特征及成矿模型

对江苏宁镇山脉南缘汤山、仑山地区金矿赋存层位、土壤地球化学异常分布特征及区域性层滑断裂构造进行了综合分析,认为碳酸盐岩-泥质岩组合和区域性层滑断裂对金矿成矿有控制作用.在对汤-仑地区金矿成矿规律总结的基础上,提出了宁镇地区寻找金矿的前景.结合区域地质演化和中生代岩浆活动特征,建立了该区金矿成矿作用模型.与长江中下游西段铁铜金等成矿作用相仿,本区金矿的形成与燕山期岩浆期后热液活动密切相关.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).