Slumping in the Marra Mamba Supersequence Package in the southern Hamersley Province,Western Australia

Detailed mapping of the Hardey Syncline region at the Marra Mamba Supersequence Package closure, in the southwestern part of the Hamersley Province, has indicated that a hiatus in parts of the Jeerinah Formation was probably caused by submarine slumping during sedimentation. A similar hiatus at the base of the Jeerinah Formation farther west, noted on air photographs, is attributed to the same cause. Removal by slumping, and redeposition westwards, could account for olistostromes which were previously recorded in the Jeerinah Formation at Mt Edith and Mt de Courcey on the southern rim of the Wyloo Dome.     

Inliers of banded iron‐formation in the Proterozoic Wyloo Group sediments near Paraburdoo,Western Australia

Two inliers with a total outcrop length of 3000 m and a maximum width of 200 m, consisting of a sedimentary klippe (olistolith) and an olistostrome (both composed of banded iron‐formation and shale belonging to the Hamersley Group) occur within the Mininer Turbidite Member of the Wyloo Group, south of Paraburdoo, W.A., 2500 m from the top of the Hamersley Group proper. The olistostrome is a typical debris slide produced by slumping of unconsolidated material. The klippe was rafted into position as a solid block by a turbidity current.

The pattern of mineralisation within the banded iron‐formation part of the klippe, which is identified as being from the Brockman Iron Formation, together with evidence from the basal conglomerate of the Wyloo Group, shows that the formation of the Hamersley iron ore deposits commenced prior to the deposition of the Wyloo Group sediments.     

Oxygen isotope study of a Precambrian banded iron-formation,Hamersley Range,Western Australia

Oxygen isotope ratios were determined for quartz, magnetite, ankerite, siderite, riebeckite, hematite and talc in samples of banded iron-formation from the Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation and for quartz, dolomite and calcite in samples of the Wittenoom Dolomite and Duck Creek Dolomite Formations, all from the Hamersley Range area of Western Australia. Additionally, in order to interpret the measured isotope ratios, isotopic fractionations for oxygen between quartz, siderite and magnetite and between these minerals and water as a function of temperature were calculated, using a combination of spectroscopic and thermodynamic data and constraints set by experimental determinations of the fractionations.The Dales Gorge Member was found to have undergone isotopic exchange between minerals at a temperature estimated on the basis of the isotopic fractionations to be above 270°C and probably less than 310°C, during burial metamorphism. At these temperatures quartz and the carbonates were almost completely equilibrated with one another, while hematite apparently underwent negligible exchange. Magnetite may have undergone exchange in some samples but not others, as a result of permeability variations, or it may have been as resistant to exchange as hematite. Riebeckite, and probably talc as well, were also subject to exchange, but to a lesser degree or on a smaller scale than quartz and the carbonates. Hematite formed at temperatures of 140°C or below. Magnetite appears to have formed at temperatures above 140°C, and possibly over a range of temperatures between about 180 and 300°C.The Wittenoom Dolomite and Duck Creek Dolomite samples show apparent lack of equilibrium, due to incomplete exchange or to retrograde effects. A chert from the Wittenoom Dolomite, along with two samples from the Marra Mamba Iron Formation, with δ¹⁸O values of + 24%. can be considered to set a lower limit of about ?11%. on the δ¹⁸O value of the ocean 2.2 × 10⁹ yr ago. Internal fractionations in the Wittenoom Dolomite chert sample may be interpreted as yielding an upper limit on this oceanic δ¹⁸O value of ? 3.5%.     

Phanerozoic stratigraphy and structure of the northern Barrier Ranges,western New South Wales

Devonian strata near Fowlers Gap and Nundooka Stations, northern Barrier Ranges comprise ～2.7 km of sparsely fossiliferous, fluvially deposited sandstones (Mulga Downs Group). These strata are subdivided into the Coco Range Sandstone (oldest, Emsian‐Eifelian) found west of the north‐trending Nundooka Creek Fault, and the Nundooka Sandstone (youngest, ?Frasnian‐Famennian found east of the fault). Eleven stratigraphic units are mapped and two of these in the Coco Range Sandstone are formally named as The Valley Tank Arenite and Copi Dam Arenite Members. The Coco Range Sandstone and Nundooka Sandstone are tentatively correlated with strata in the Bancannia Trough. Deposition of the Coco Range Sandstone and Nundooka Sandstone was, however, separate from that of the Bancannia Trough, probably due to topographic highs which occurred east of the Western Boundary Fault.

The Coco Range Sandstone is cut by northeast‐trending faults splaying from the Nundooka Creek Fault. These faults have vertical planes and are thought to predate deposition of the Nundooka Sandstone. In the Late Cretaceous the Nundooka Creek and Western Boundary Faults became active and areas west of these faults were uplifted to form Coco Range and Bald Hill. This fossil landscape was progressively buried by deposition of the Palaeocene‐Eocene Eyre Formation until it was half covered by strata. During the Oligocene silcrete of the Cordillo Surface formed and was overlain conformably by the sandy Doonbara Formation (Miocene). Since the Miocene, much of the Eyre Formation has been removed by erosion to exhume a Late Cretaceous landscape. Subsequently in the ?Pliocene there was some faulting along the Nundooka Creek and Western Boundary Faults because locally the Cordillo Surface and the Doonbara Formation dip toward the faults at 30–72°. At three localities there is evidence of probable Quaternary activity on the Nundooka Creek and the Western Boundary Faults (downthrow to the east) suggesting a different style of tectonics from that in the Miocene.     

Coupled asteroid impacts and banded iron-formations,Fortescue and Hamersley Groups,Pilbara, Western Australia

Asteroid impact spherule layers and tsunami deposits underlying banded iron-formations in the Fortescue and Hamersley Groups have been further investigated to test their potential stratigraphic relationships. This work has included new observations related to the ca 2.63 Ga Jeerinah Impact Layer (JIL) and impact spherules associated with the 4th Shale-Macroband of the Dales Gorge Iron Member (DGS4) of the Brockman Iron Formation. A unit of impact spherules (microkrystite) correlated with the ca 2.63 Ga JIL is observed within a >100 m-thick fragmental-intraclast breccia pile in drill cores near Roy Hill. The sequence represents significant thickening of the impact/tsunami unit relative to the JIL type section at Hesta, as well as relative to the 20–30 m-thick ca 2.63 Ga Carawine Dolomite spherule-bearing mega-breccia. The ca 2.48 Ga-old Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation is underlain by an ?0.5 m-thick rip-up clast breccia located at the top of the ca 2.50 Ga Mt McRae Shale, and is interpreted as a tsunami deposit. We suggest that the presence of impact ejecta and tsunami units stratigraphically beneath a number of banded iron-formations, and units of ferruginous shale in the Pilbara and South Africa may result from a genetic relationship. For example, it could be that under Archean atmospheric conditions, mafic volcanism triggered by large asteroid impacts enriched the oceans in soluble FeO. If so, seasonal microbial and/or photolytic oxidation to ferric oxide could have caused precipitation of Fe₂O₃ and silica. In view of the possible occurrence of depositional gaps and paraconformities between impact ejecta units and overlying ferruginous sediments, these relationships require further testing by isotopic age studies.     

Genetic modelling for banded iron-formation of the Hamersley Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

The banded iron-formation (BIF) of the Hamersley Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, particularly from the well studied Dales Gorge Member, is unique in its lateral stratigraphic and petrological continuity throughout an area exceeding 60,000 km², enabling reasonable estimates for the annual input of components to the depository. In the model of this paper, varying supply of materials for the medley of mesoband types, particularly of iron and silica in the oxide BIF, can be accommodated by the interaction of two major oceanic supply systems: (1) surface currents and (2) convective upwelling from mid-oceanic ridge (MOR) or hot-spot activity, both modified by varied input of pyrochastic material. (1) The surface currents were saturated in silica and carried minimal iron due to photic precipitation, but were periodically recharged by storm mixing. Precipitation from them gave rise to the banded chert-rich horizons, including the varves, whose regular and finely laminated iron/silica distribution resulted from seasonal meteorological influences. (2) Precipitation from convection driven upwelling of high iron solution from MOR or hot-spot activity periodically overwhelmed the delicate seasonal patterns of (1) to produce the iron-dominated mesobands. A wide range of intermediate mesoband types resulted where the deep water supply was modified by varied MOR activity, or by partial blocking of upwelling waters by surface currents (such as by the present El Niño). During these periods of oxide-dominated BIF, silica was deposited from saturated solution mainly by evaporative concentration, and iron by oxidation due to photolysis and photosynthetically produced oxygen.Superimposed on these supply differences was the varying effect of fine aluminous ash from dominantly northern distal volcanic sources, changing the meteorological and depositional conditions. Occasional input of extremely fi ash during BIF precipitation produced mesoband (cm) scale variations involving increased carbonate-silicate precipitation. Sustained volcanic periods resulted in S-macroband deposition (chert-carbonate-silicate BIF, with shale), gradually returning to the dominant hematite-magnetite-chert BIF as the volcanic input waned. During volcanic periods, the normally high capacity of sunlight to precipitate ferric iron directly by photolytic oxidation of ferrous iron, and by photosynthetic production of oxygen, was modified by turbidity in the atmosphere (aerosols and dust) and in the water (colloids from reactive ash). S Surface-precipitated ferric hydroxyoxide redissolved in the presence of decaying organic matter in the subphotic zone, augmenting the iron content of the zone. Precursor ferrous carbonates and silicates were precipitated when the iron concentration of this sub-photic zone exceeded their respective solubilities. During volcanism, the increased availability of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, to surface waters increased the organic contribution despite lower light values, leading to an almost total absence of ferric iron oxides in the S macrobands (i.e. no magnetite or hematite). Cooling of warm, silica-saturated sea-water during these periods of “olcanic winter” increased the ratio of precipitation of silica to iron, which, however, was still controlled by seasonal conditions. Intermediate concentrations of organic matter, insufficient to totally convert the ferric compounds either during precipitation or diagenesis, resulted in overgrowths of magnetite on hematite, and eventually in the substantial conversion of hematite to magnetite, where higher temperatures were achieved during low-grade regional metamorphism.Changes in sea-level to explain facies changes in BIF are not required in this model, but are not excluded. The preferred conditions are for a very low oxygen to anoxic atmosphere, a much higher level of MOR activity than at present, the presence of photosynthetic plankton, the absence of si silica-secreting organisms, and a deep sea-water temperature higher than 20°C. However, none of these conditions is essential to the model.A narrow carbonate bank is postulated for part of the Fortescue River Valley area during Marra Mamba Iron Formation times (basal Hamersley Group), with BIF precipitation on either side. The reef is postulated to have grown northward becoming a major shallow-water carbonate platform on the Pilbara continent during upper Marra Mamba Iron Formation and Wittenoom Dolomite times, but ceased to play an important role in subsequent periods.     

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages of tuffaceous mudrocks in the Brockman Iron Formation of the Hamersley Range,Western Australia

Tuffaceous mudrocks are common in the banded iron‐formations (BIF) of the Brockman Iron Formation. These tuffaceous mudrocks are either stilpnomelane‐rich or siliceous. Their compositions reflect bimodal volcanic activity in the vicinity of the Hamersley BIF depositional site. They also contain complex zircon populations that record resedimentation, syndepositional volcanism and post‐depositional isotopic disturbance. The best estimates of depositional age are obtained from siliceous tuffaceous mudrocks in the Joffre Member that contain 2459 ± 3 Ma and 2454 ± 3 Ma zircon populations most likely derived from felsic volcanism coeval with BIF deposition. These dates constrain the sedimentation rates for the ～370 m‐thick Joffre Member BIF to >15 m per million years. Siliceous tuffaceous mudrocks are not present in the underlying ～120 m‐thick Dales Gorge Member and it is uncertain whether previously reported ages of ca 2479–2470 Ma for this unit reflect detrital/xenocrystic or syndepositional zircon populations in resedimented stilpnomelane‐rich tuffaceous mudrocks. The increased abundance of tuffaceous mudrocks in the Joffre Member suggests that a pulse of enhanced igneous and hydrothermal activity accompanied deposition of the bulk of the Brockman Iron Formation BIF after ca 2460 Ma. This preceded and culminated in the emplacement of the 2449 ± 3 Ma large igneous province represented by BIF and igneous rocks of the Weeli Wolli Formation and Woongarra Rhyolite.     

河南省泌阳凹陷安棚地区古近系核桃园组含碱地层层序特征及其意义

泌阳凹陷位于南襄盆地东南缘,为一西北浅、东南深的陆相断陷型盆地,其沉降中心安棚地区古近纪发育巨厚的白云岩地层,主要天然碱矿层赋存于核桃园组核三段上部和核二段下部,并与白云岩地层密切相关。基于岩心、录井与地震等资料,该区古近系核桃园组含碱岩系地层划分为3个二级旋回,进一步划分为8个三级旋回。所含天然碱矿层位于基本层序顶部、二级或三级旋回的上部,含碱岩系地层层序由(纹层状)白云岩到天然碱矿层规律性变化。根据天然碱矿层垂向变化规律进行找矿预测和钻探中预判矿层位置,已经取得较好效果。同时根据该区盐类矿产沉积旋回的研究,一级旋回顶部有钾盐的显示,预示该区有寻找钾盐的可能。     

Fault geometry as evidence for inversion of a former rift basin in the Eastern Lachlan Orogen

Three major types of economic secondary iron ores occur in Western Australia, mainly in the banded iron-formation (BIF)-rich Hamersley Province of the Pilbara:

1. the dominant BIF-hosted bedded iron deposits (BID; ～40 billion tonnes (Bt); 58–65 wt% Fe); and the detrital ores, mainly in the three province-wide Cenozoic sequences that include coeval non-ore sediments:

2. Miocene channel iron deposits (CID; ～>15 Bt; 54–58 wt% Fe) of the Cenozoic Detritals 2 (CzD2); and

3. Eocene CzD1 and Pliocene CzD3 detrital iron deposits (DID; ～3.5 Bt; 40–60 wt% Fe).

Striking differences exist between the massive CID resources and the much smaller underlying and overlying DID. CID are essentially riverine alluvial ooidal rocks with abundant small fossil wood fragments and variable peloids, but with only extremely rare, recognisable lithic remnants. The original matrix is typically ramifying layered goethite. Eocene DID are mainly alluvial with only minor pisoids, whereas Pliocene–Quaternary DID are dominantly coarse colluvial gravels, with minor pisoids, both derived from and largely retaining the original textures of BID, hardcap or variably ferruginised surface BIF. The coluvial DID matrix is typically ferroan-aluminous soil, resulting in canga where replaced by goethite, which may be dehydrated to hematite in part by exposure. The Cenozoic deposits described in detail in this paper occur in two dominant geomorphological environments: the southern Marra Mamba to Brockman Iron Formation strike valleys (MBSV), containing all three Cenozoic sequences; and the much later northern Brockman IF plateau valleys (BPV) that include only the Miocene and Pliocene sequences. Minor basinal/deltaic alluvials occur in the Proterozoic. The Cenozoic detritals formed in different climatic regimes, with an extended dry period forming a prominent province-wide dehydrated carapace on the Eocene DID. The Miocene ‘optimum’ followed with its thick scrub-covered deep regolith that produced the fossil wood-rich CID, succeeded by the arid cool period of the Oakover limestone/calcrete. A major renewal of exposure and erosion in the Pliocene resulted in the extensive iron gravels of the Pliocene–Quaternary.     

齐家-古龙地区页岩油参数井泉头组—青山口组沉积微相特征

沉积微相发育特征对页岩油赋存及开发潜力具有重要的影响.以松辽盆地北部齐家-古龙地区松页油1井和松页油2井泉头组四段上部—青山口组二三段下部岩心为研究对象,通过大比例尺岩心观察和精细描述,以岩心岩性、层理构造、化石、含有物、电性特征为依据,开展沉积微相研究.研究认为,松页油1井和松页油2井岩心中,主要发育湖泊相沉积,分为浅湖和半深湖—深湖2种沉积亚相,可进一步识别出浅湖滩坝砂、介壳滩、泥质浅湖、半深湖—深湖泥和油页岩5种沉积微相.青一段下部主要发育半深湖—深湖亚相,浅湖亚相主要分布在青一段上部、青二三段下部和泉四段上部层位.泥质浅湖微相、半深湖—深湖泥微相以及油页岩微相均是有利于页岩油形成的沉积微相类型.     

安徽巢湖地区泥盆纪-石炭纪界线地层的新认识

通过对研究区内的五通组几条代表性剖面的岩性、岩相及化石特征和地层区域展布等研究并进行区域对比,结合近年来的区调及科研成果,提出巢湖地区五通组观山段至擂鼓台段中部的下黏土层的时代属于晚泥盆世晚期斯图期,而擂鼓台段中部的上黏土层与上部为早石炭世早期杜内期,泥盆系-石炭系界线位于上、下黏土层之间石英砂岩中(狮子口剖面31层的顶面);擂鼓台段下部与中部之间有一沉积间断面,有铁质风化壳,局部见褐铁矿化砾岩层,这一间断面是泥盆纪末期大海退在本区的反映;巢湖地区五通组并非陆相沉积,而是一套海相的滨岸相沉积,海水主要来自北东方向,与过去的陆相沉积和海侵来自南西方向的论点有所不同。     

四川广安市响水飞仙关组剖面特征及地质意义

四川省广安市桂兴镇响水村下三叠统飞仙关组地质剖面,位于华蓥山背斜的西翼,其古地理位置位于早三叠世川东碳酸盐台地西侧。对该剖面的详细研究,有利于恢复飞仙关期川东碳酸盐台地西侧的沉积演化过程。响水剖面飞仙关组一段属于半局限浅海陆棚和开阔台地含泥灰岩沉积。飞仙关组二段下部为碳酸盐台地西缘斜坡相及开阔台地相;其上部为较稳定的开阔台地沉积。飞仙关组三段是碳酸盐台缘鲕滩和开阔台地沉积。飞仙关组四段属于典型的混积台地潮坪沉积。川东碳酸盐台地西侧飞仙关组由两个向上变浅的沉积旋回组成,第2个沉积旋回是碳酸盐台地向西增生和鲕滩发育的主要时期。     

澳大利亚西部哈默斯利铁成矿省BIF富铁矿的成矿特征与控矿因素

澳大利亚西部哈默斯利铁成矿省含有世界级高品位的赤铁矿体。主要铁矿床包括芒特维尔贝克、汤姆普莱斯山、帕拉伯杜等,它们均产于元古宙早期布罗克曼BIF型含铁建造中。高品住铁矿体的空间分布明显受到元古宙区域隆起和拉张环境下形成的古老正断层系统的控制。该成矿省高品位铁矿层的形成可分为3个阶段：第1阶段为深层阶段,该阶段硅从含铁建造中淋滤出来,留下薄层状富含铁氧化物、碳酸盐岩、硅酸镁和磷灰石的残余物;第2阶段为深部大气水氧化阶段,该阶段含铁建造的磁铁矿-菱镁矿组合被氧化为赤铁矿-铁白云石,并以发育假象赤铁矿为特征;第3阶段为浅层风化作用。通过对成矿特征和成矿模式的总结,认为成矿时代、断层、褶皱等构造特征及流体和表生风化作用是富铁矿床形成的主要控矿因素。     

Nature of late‐Early to Middle Devonian tectonism in the Buckambool area,Cobar, New South Wales

In the Buckambool area, Cobar, New South Wales, the boundary between dominantly shallow‐water, shelf sediments of the Winduck Group and fluviatile sediments of the Mulga Downs Group has been established as a small hiatus not resolvable by available fossil age data. Although dips are parallel over much of the area, disconformable and locally angular unconformable relations are present. This hiatus, late‐Early to Middle Devonian in age, marks a period of uplift, localised folding and erosion. These reflect movement of basement blocks along major fractures that are now revealed as lineaments.

Terminal deformation in the area, reflected by folding and re‐activation of lineaments, postdated deposition of the Mulga Downs Group, and is probably Carboniferous in age.     

泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带核桃园组岩相古地理及时空演化

核桃园组是泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带的主要含油气目的层。本文依据岩心资料,结合岩石学特征、测井相及其他相标志,将研究区核桃园组划分为扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系。通过对碎屑重矿物资料、钻井和录井资料等相关地质资料的综合分析,编制各段砂砾岩粒度平均值等值线图等图件基础上,系统编制了核桃园组核三段—核一段岩相古地理图。其古地理展布特征是:南部发育扇三角洲,东北部发育辫状河三角洲,西北部发育曲流河三角洲,中部发育湖泊。在核三期到核一期的古地理演化过程中,扇三角洲和曲流河三角洲规模持续缩小,曲流河三角洲在核一期被滨浅湖所充填,湖泊面积逐渐增大。辫状河三角洲规模从核三期到核二期逐渐变大,到核一期开始减小。     

Basin shape and sediment architecture in the Gun Supersequence: A strike‐slip model for Pb–Zn–Ag ore genesis at Mt Isa

Sequence‐stratigraphic correlations provide a better understanding of sediment architecture in the Mt Isa and lower McNamara Groups of northern Australia. Sediments record deposition in a marine environment on a broad southeast‐facing ramp that extended from the Murphy Inlier in the northwest to the Gorge Creek, Saint Paul and Rufous Fault Zones in the southeast. Depositional systems prograded in a southeasterly direction. Shoreline siliciclastic facies belts initially formed on the western and northern parts of the ramp, deeper water basinal facies occurred to the east and south. The general absence of shoreline facies throughout the Mt Isa Group suggests that depositional systems originally extended further to the east and probably crossed the Kalkadoon‐Leichhardt Block. Fourteen, regionally correlatable fourth‐order sequences, each with a duration of approximately one million years, are identified in the 1670–1655 Ma Gun Supersequence. Stratal correlations of fourth‐order sequences and attendant facies belts resolve a stratigraphic architecture dominated by times of paired subsidence and uplift. This architecture is most consistent with sinistral strike‐slip tectonism along north‐northeast‐oriented structures with dilational jogs along northwest structures as the primary driver for accommodation. Although reactivated during deformation, the ancestral northwest‐trending May Downs, Twenty Nine Mile, Painted Rocks, Transmitter, Redie Creek and Termite Range Fault Zones are interpreted as the principal synsedimentary growth structures. Sinistral strike‐slip resulted in a zone of long‐lived dilation to the north of the May Downs/Twenty Nine Mile and Gorge Creek Fault Zones and a major basin depocentre in the broad southeast‐facing ramp. Subordinate depocentres also developed on the northern side of the ancestral Redie Creek and Termite Range fault zones. Transfer of strike‐slip movement to the east produced restraining or compressive regions, localising areas of uplift and the generation of local unconformities. Northwest‐ and north‐northeast‐oriented magnetic anomalies to the south and west of Mt Isa, identify basement heterogeneities. Basement to the south and west of these anomalies is interpreted to mark intrabasin siliciclastic provenance areas in the Gun depositional system. Pb–Zn–Ag deposits of the Mt Isa valley are interpreted as occurring in a major basin depocentre in response to a renewed phase of paired uplift and subsidence in late Gun time (approximately 1656 Ma). This event is interpreted to have synchronously created accommodation for sediments that host the Mt Isa deposit, while focusing topographically and thermobarically driven basinal fluids into the zone of dilation.     

川陕边境广元宁强间的志留系

<正> 李希霍芬(Richthofen 1882)将宁强牢固关、黄坝驿、茅坪沟、广元校场坝、神宣驿(即宣河)和朝天驿(即朝天镇)之间的地层分为8层。珊瑚化石(i层)经Lindstrom鉴定为 Favosites forbesi,Halysites calenularius,Heliolites,Caythophyllum,Amplexus和Alveolites;腕足类经Kayser鉴定为Orthis类(h层),Orthis calligramma 和Spirifer(1层)。葛利普(1924)把宁强广元间的志留系分为朝天组(Chaotien Formation),浅水     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部直罗—店头地区侏罗系直罗组沉积特征及铀成矿*

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中侏罗统直罗组下段砂岩中已发现店头砂岩型铀矿床及多个铀矿点,但对于盆地南部直罗组沉积相研究较为薄弱,制约了砂岩型铀矿的进一步找矿工作。通过剖面实测、岩心编录,结合石油、煤炭、核工业地质钻孔资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部直罗—店头地区直罗组沉积特征进行精细刻画。在此基础上,探讨了沉积相与铀成矿的关系及下一步找矿方向。结果显示,直罗组下段砂体厚度30~65 m、砂地比在0.6~0.75之间,为砂质辫状河沉积。直罗组上段早期砂体厚度10~38 m、砂地比值在0.15~0.45之间,为曲流河沉积;直罗组上段沉积晚期研究区位于湖盆中心所在位置,为滨浅湖沉积。沉积环境、沉积相、辫状河河道交汇部位、砂体厚度、沉积物粒度及泥岩夹层对铀成矿具有重要控制作用。直罗组下段辫状河河道交汇或分叉部位应作为勘查重点,心滩亚相的含炭屑、黄铁矿砂质碎屑岩可作为铀矿化的找矿标志。     

Sedimentary characteristics of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and uranium deposits in Zhiluo-Diantou area,southern Ordos Basin

Diantou uranium deposits and multiple uranium mineralization sites have been discovered in the sandstones in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the southern Ordos Basin. However, the study on the sedimentary facies of the Zhiluo Formation, which restricts the prospecting work of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Based on the outcrop measurements and drilling core cataloging, and combined with the geological drilling data of petroleum, coal, and nuclear industry, we have elaborated the sedimentary characteristics of the Zhiluo Formation in the Fuxian area. We have also combined uranium source, structure, post-alteration and other factors to explore the relationship between sedimentary faces and uranium metallogenic conditions in the study area. The study found that in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 30-65 m and sand ratio is 0.6-0.75. It is gravel and sandy braided river deposit. In the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 10-38 m, and the sand ratio is 0.15-0.45 and is a meandering river deposit. The study area is located at the center of the lake basin and sedimentary facies is coastal shallow lacustrine in the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sedimentary environment, sedimentary facies, the intersection of braided river channels, sand body thickness, sediment particle size and mudstone interlayer play an important role in controlling uranium mineralization. The exploration of uranium deposits in the northern part of the deposit should focus on the intersection or bifurcation of the braided river channel in the lower part of the Zhiluo Formation. The charcoal- and pyrite-bearing sandstone of channel bar can be used as a prospecting indicator for uranium mineralization.