综合物探方法在宁芜北段东带铁矿战略性勘查中的应用

近几年,我国东部地质勘查重点逐步向寻找深部隐伏矿床目标转移,地质找矿的难度和投资风险加大。通过在宁芜北段东带高台寺预测区施工剖面性重磁工作,辅以可控源音频大地电磁测深,结合地质工作及重、磁、电、地联合正反演成果认识,推断高台寺预测区中部的低缓磁异常可能在深部对应有高密度高磁性体存在。经钻探验证,该磁性体主要由隐伏的闪长玢岩和不同程度的磁铁矿化共同引起,表明综合物探方法仍是寻找深部矿产较为科学合理的技术手段。     

长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征

通过收集整理前人成果资料,结合湖南、湖北地区地震地质特征、历史近代地震数据等,全面梳理分析该区主要活动断裂及历史地震,总结该区主要活动断裂系（带）及控震特征、地震活动性及时空分布特征。研究结果表明,该区主要活动断裂以北东、北北东、北西向为主,主要活动断裂系有6个,自北向南分别为秦昆北西向断裂系、鄂东北东向断裂系、江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系、鄂西-湘西北东向断裂系、湘中南北东向断裂系、湘东北东向断裂系,其中第四纪活动较为显著且影响程度大的是江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系及秦昆北西向断裂系西段。“两湖”地区地震活动水平相对较低,正处于第三活动期的相对平静期。结合近代中强震资料及中国地震烈度区划特征分析认为,江汉-洞庭盆地南部的东、西边界、鄂州-黄冈-武汉一带以及鄂西北断块隆起区地壳较不稳定,具有发震潜力,应在城市群规划建设、护江大堤设防和重大工程建设中予以特别关注。      

东昆仑地区地球物理特征与矿产资源分布

利用东昆仑地区的区域重磁场及深部地球物理信息,研究探讨了地球物理特征与矿产资源的关系。贯穿研究区的重力梯级带反映了地壳深部构造的深大断裂带,该梯级带与昆中断裂对应,它不仅是划分构造单元的边界,而且与地壳构造运动的性质及岩浆活动、矿产分布等密切相关。研究区航磁异常区以东西向、北西向和北东向为主,异常呈交叉及串珠状分布。沿重力梯级带及航磁异常周围形成一些具工业价值的矿床。深部地质与地球物理资料揭示了该区地壳与上地幔密度分布的不均匀性及其速度结构差异。深大断裂的发育对该地区金属成矿区带的分布起到了控制作用。     

甘肃白银厂铜多金属矿田重磁异常及构造特征北大核心CSCD

甘肃白银厂铜多金属硫化物矿田是受陆缘弧环境火山机构及其同生断裂控制的典型火山岩赋矿块状硫化物矿床(VHMS)。为了进一步探讨该矿床重磁场特征及与构造和矿床的关系,通过对区内的重磁场异常数据进行位场分离、小波分析和基于张量数据的三维欧拉反褶积自动确定地质体位置和埋藏深度的定量反演计算。结果表明,研究区布格重力场具有西部高、东部低的特征,其磁场可划分为4个磁场区;局部异常按一定分布规律呈圆形或似圆形正负相间分布,不同尺度的重磁细节异常图在一定程度上反映出引起重磁异常的地质异常体具有一定的延深且分布稳定,而且这些地质异常体具有向深部复合的趋势。经位场分离后正负相间的剩余重磁异常分布范围和分布特征大致反映了白银厂奥陶纪中酸性火山岩建造构造为一个继承性的火山穹窿构造,东、西部不同的重磁异常特征说明东西部的火山喷发具有不同的基底、源区和喷发方式。发育NW向、NE向、近NS向、NEE向等4组断裂构造,近NS向断裂F3、F4、F5、F6、F7形成时间稍晚于NEE向断裂,其与NEE向断裂F1、F2共同形成了研究区棋盘网格状的构造分布特征,这两组断裂为研究区内主要的控岩、控矿断裂。火山机构的分布明显受断裂构造控制,火山口集中分布在深大断裂、大断裂或两组断裂的交汇处。矿田内各矿床及成矿有利地段均处于研究区中部低缓重磁异常场内正负磁异常变化的梯度带内。本次研究为控矿要素研究和开展找矿预测工作提供了丰富、翔实的地球物理资料。     

四川省甘洛县尔呷地吉铅锌矿地质特征及找矿方向

对尔呷地吉铅锌矿床地质特征、主要控矿因素和该矿床所在的甘洛成矿亚带北段主要矿床的分布特征进行了总结,认为不纯白云岩尤其是灯影组上部白云岩是该区带主要容矿岩石,近南北向马拉哈断层控制了容矿岩石出露和矿床形成分布,有北西向断层和强烈变形褶皱、伴随发育的层间破碎带及次级断裂是成矿有利地段,以此为依据在尔呷地吉铅锌矿区及外围圈出四个找矿预测靶区。     

460矿床关键控矿要素重磁异常特征及深部结构研究

通过在460矿床开展重、磁勘探工作,研究了控矿要素的重、磁异常特征,分析了主要断裂构造、火山机构、主要岩体的分布情况;利用重磁联合二维正反演、密度界面反演推断了研究区基底界面深度;利用地表地质条件作为约束三维密度反演推断了研究区3大地层的空间分布。研究表明,重磁勘探在火山岩地区确定盆地范围、识别断裂构造效果明显,矿床位置一般位于重磁高场向低场的过渡区域,重磁梯度带是寻找铀矿的重要标志。     

基于重磁多尺度边缘检测的庐枞盆地基底构造研究

庐枞盆地位于怀宁-庐江“磁高重高”区域异常带的枞阳-庐江异常区,其区域重力场特征与区域磁场特征明显。本文利用上述特征异常,采用重磁多尺度边缘检测方法,对庐枞盆地重力和航磁数据进行了边缘检测,得到庐枞盆地不同深度的密度和磁性信息及重磁异常边界。结合重磁异常分布特点进行构造格架的推断、基底隆起区划分,建立了庐枞盆地构造格架。认为庐枞盆地基底断裂有四组方向,以北东走向断裂为主;盆地包含四块基底隆起区和一块基底残块隆起区。在此基础上,分析了庐枞盆地主要矿集区与构造格架的关系,提出了“S”形重力高异常带是寻找中深部隐伏矿床的有利部位的新认识。     

高精度磁测技术在西成铅锌矿勘探中的应用

近年来,甘肃西成铅锌矿的勘探向周边地区扩展,高精度磁法测量发挥了一定作用。利用化极磁异常垂向一阶导数和归一化总水平导数垂向导数,推断出5处地质体边界和4条断裂。根据该区地质和矿产分布特征,推测矿体主要分布于黑云母石英片岩向大理岩的接触或过渡地带,对应中泥盆统安家岔组厂坝层D2a1条带状大理岩。根据化极磁异常和该区构造,结合化探圈定出与成矿有关的4个靶区,这些靶区与Pb、Zn化探异常对应,可见若干矿化点。选取靶区内一磁测剖面进行反演,反演结果说明矿体向北西倾斜。经钻孔验证,已在不同深度见矿,证明了靶区的找矿潜力。     

河北省承德市大庙斜长岩杂岩体超大型钒钛磁铁矿床研究

大庙式钒钛磁铁矿床产于大庙斜长岩杂岩体中，受红石砬一大庙深断裂及次级构造控制，成矿构造以北东向压扭性构造为主，北西向压扭性构造次之。矿体成群产出，具有雁行叠瓦式分布产出规律。物探重磁成果推断成矿系统发育较深，矿田截面形态反映矿体产于中深带。通过对东大洼矿段普查和M24地磁异常验证及该区其它地质勘查项目的开展，认为该区有成为超大型钒钛磁铁矿床的成矿条件。     

庐枞矿集区结构特征重磁研究及其成矿指示

作为长江中下游多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,庐枞矿集区的深部结构和成矿作用过程一直受到关注和重视.本文利用已有的重磁数据,开展匹配滤波、解析延拓、求导等多种方法的目标处理,刻画庐枞矿集区的重磁异常特征,显现成矿带、成矿体、断裂构造、基底隆起和盆地凹陷等众多构造信息,再结合矿集区密度、磁性统计分析,以及区域地质和矿产分布,认为:庐枞矿集区整体走向为北东向,包括郯庐断裂、裴岗-朱桥断裂、罗河断裂以及长江断裂组成的四个成矿带,可划分为庐枞火山岩盆地、孔城凹陷、巢南-庐江褶皱隆起带、大别造山带东缘以及长江凹陷带五个部分;庐枞矿集区矿床类型多样化,矿床和矿化具有带状和环状分布特点,火山构造和火山岩浆活动制约着铁、硫、铜(金)矿床的分布,基底隆起和断裂对成矿具有重要的控制作用;矿集区异常分离后的剩余重力异常和剩余磁异常是寻找铁矿的重要综合信息标志,高背景场的低缓磁异常和重力异常的叠加地段,仍然具有较大的找矿潜力.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。