东秦岭两类花岗岩与两个金矿系列

本文根据东秦岭地区花岗岩金矿的特征，全面地探讨了花岗岩与金矿化的关系，将东秦岭地区与花岩有关的金矿床分为深源浅成型花岗岩金矿系列和浅源深成型花岗岩金矿系列。不同成因系列的花岗岩与金矿的关系完全不同。文中还简要地阐述了与两个系列金矿有关的花岗岩的地花岗岩的地质地球化学特征和秦岭造山带的构造演化。     

Granite provinces and basement terranes in the Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia

Many granites have compositional features that directly reflect the composition of their source rocks. Since most granites come from the deeper parts of the Earth's crust, their study provides information about the nature of parts of that deep crust. Granites and related volcanic rocks are abundant and widely distributed in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia. These granites show patterns of regional variation in which sharp discontinuities occur between provinces which internally are of a rather constant character. Such a discontinuity has long been recognized at the I‐S line and the extent of that line can now be defined more fully. Breaks of this type are thought to correspond to sharp changes in the composition of the deep crust that correspond to unexposed or basement terranes. Nine such basement terranes can be recognized in the Lachlan Fold Belt. The character of these basement terranes appears to be different from that of the terranes recognized in the Mesozoic‐Cainozoic Cordilleran fold belt, in which the plates accreted during the period of tectonism reflected in the exposed surface rocks. In the Lachlan Fold Belt, it is postulated that fragments of continental crust, or microplates, were assembled in the Late Proterozoic or Early Palaeozoic to form the substrate of the presently exposed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks; the compositional features of these fragments were later redistributed vertically by magmatic processes. The identification of basement terranes of this type shows that models which involve the lateral growth of the Lachlan Fold Belt during the Palaeozoic, in a manner analogous to the accretion of younger belts, are untenable. These basement terranes have implications for mineral exploration because the content of heavy metals can vary from one to another and this would ultimately affect the probability of concentrating these metals to form a mineral deposit.     

个旧花岗岩的成因、演化及其找矿意义

个旧地区的花岗岩,从其时空分布和矿物学,岩石化学、微量地素、稀土元素、以及同位素特征看,具有一定的继承和演化关系.研究表明,本区花岗岩的形成经历了两次岩浆活动.其中龙岔河岩体是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物.而马松岩体.神仙水岩体、白沙冲岩体以及老卡岩体则为燕山晚期岩浆活动不同阶段的产物.从成因上看,上述各岩体可能皆属陆壳改造型(S型)花岗岩.但是早期龙岔河岩体在一定程度上又表现出同熔型(Ⅰ型)花岗岩的特征,各种地质和地球化学特征的对比表明.这些岩体可能具有相似的源岩物质(组成).从晚期各岩体表现的特征看,它们可能都属于含锡花岗岩体.由此,个旧地区大面积分布砂锡矿的成因和来源问题便可以得到较为圆满的解释.通过对神仙水、白冲岩体为含锅花岗岩的认定,结合本区原生锅矿的分布规律.笔者认为.神仙水岩体东南以及白沙冲岩体周围.可能与马松岩体和老卡岩体周围一样,是一个潜在的找矿远景区.     

漳州地区白垩至纪I型和A型花岗岩中黑云母的矿物学特征

漳州地区白垩纪花岗岩由Ｉ型和Ａ型花岗岩组成，本文对该地区两类花岗岩中黑云母的矿物化学、矿物物理特征进行了系统研究。发现在两类花岗岩中的黑云母矿物学特征存在重大差别，如Ａ型花岗岩中黑云母更富铝、铁、氟及水而贫镁、硅，形成温度及氧逸度较低等。在Ａ型花岗岩中的黑云母穆斯堡尔谱也与Ｉ型不同，四极分裂（Ｑ．Ｓ）较高，且Ｆｅ￣（２＋）在Ｍ＿２位，Ｆｅ（３＋）在Ｔ位占位率也较高。两类花岗岩中的黑云母化学成分随岩浆演化也呈现不同的变化规律。黑云母的矿物学特征可提供花岗岩成因类型的有益信息。     

也谈大兴安岭南段前进场岩体成因类型和形成环境

前进场岩体在岩石地球化学方面以过铝、富集ＬＲＥＥ、具中等负Ｅｕ异常为特征，∑ＲＥＥ介于１０７．８１－１４３．２４μｇ／ｇ之间，结合其野外地质特征和区域构造分析，本文认为该岩体为板块碰撞期间于晚石炭世由沉积物质部分熔融而形成的Ｓ型花岗岩。     

青海团宝山花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海省团宝山花岗岩位于南祁连东段,侵位于古元古代化隆群中.为了解其侵位时代、岩体成因和产出构造环境,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学测试方法对团宝山花岗岩岩体样品进行分析.获得其锆石U-Pb年龄为(776±8)Ma;该岩体SiO2、Al2O3和K2O含量较高,而FeOT、MgO和CaO含量较低,K2O/...     

赣南不同类型花岗岩体的锆石形态群特征及其意义

根据赣南不同时期的各类型花岗岩体的锆石形态群的研究,确定了赣南在前燕山期形成的隘地体、安西－龙州岩体都是造山花岗岩,寨背岩体,陂头岩体,柯树北岩体和安西－龙州岩体均可能是地幔物质混染地壳物质后形成的。     

Structures of Syn-deformational Granites in the Longquanguan Shear Zone and Their Monazite Electronic Microprobe Dating

The Longquanguan shear zone is an important structural belt in the North China Craton, separating the underlying Fuping complex from the overlying Wutai complex. This shear zone has experienced three episodes of deformation： the first and main episode is a ductile top-to-ESE shear along the gently northwest-west dipping foliations, while the other two episodes are later collapse sliding. Prolonged granites parallel to the shear foliations make one of the main compositions of the Longquanguan shear zone. These granites experienced deformation to form mylonitic rocks when they emplaced during the first episode of deformation. Structural characters of the granites and their contacts to the country rocks indicate that these granites possibly resulted from in-situ partial remelting by shearing, i.e., they are syn-deformational granites. Monazites in these mylonitic granites are magmatic minerals and their crystallization ages may represent ages of the magmatic events, and also the ages for the main deformation of the Longquanguan shear zone. Monazite electronic microprobe dating were carried on two samples of granite, which gives multiple peak ages, among which 1,846 Ma and 1,877 Ma are the main peak ages for the two samples. These ages represent the main deformation of the Longquanguan shear zone, which is consistent with the main regional geological event at about 1,850 Ma caused by the collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks in North China. The good match between the monazite ages and the corresponding regional tectono-thermal events shows the feasibility and reliability of monazite electronic microprobe dating.     

华北地台花岗岩和地层中金含量与金成矿的关系

华北地台的热液金矿床经常产于绿岩带中的花风岩内外接触带和变质岩中,因而许多人认为花岗岩和地层就是金矿床的矿源层和矿源岩。显然,他们瓣假设是建筑在这些岩石金的含量高于地壳、上地壳和区域背景含量上的,这样,这些花岗岩和地层可提供足够的金来形成金矿床,因而,这些地层和花岗夺被称为矿源层或矿源岩。随着金定量分析方法的改进和精度的提高 0.1×10^-9,大量测试资料表明,绿岩带中的变质岩和地层中金的丰度常较低,平均1.06×10^-9～2.3×10^-9,而与金矿有关的花岗岩金的含量更低,平均为0.6×10^-9～1．4×10^-9。并且随着花岗岩化和混合岩化程度增加而降低。因此,矿源层和矿源岩并不是前人所认为的那样,花岗岩形成过程和早期深部的成矿流体的碱交代作用过程是促使金活化转移的重要机制,也是形成金矿的主导因素。     

广东两类花岗岩的反射光谱特征及其遥感意义

地物波谱信息是多光谱遥感的基础、光谱信息所具有的特征反映了地物本身的存在、变化和差异。作为花岗岩岩石物理特性研究的一部分，笔者选择了广东早古生代两类花岗岩为研究对象测定并分析了两类花岗石及其围岩的反射光谱特征，并且依据它们光谱特性的差异。确定了遥感图象处理的技术和方法，为下一步该地区遥感图象识别花岗岩奠定了基础。     

Geochemistry of the uranium-thurium-bearing granitic rocks and pegmatites of wadi haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai, Egypt

There are two main granitic rocks cropping out in the study area:1) the syn-orogenic granites are moderately weathered,jointed,exfoliated and characterized by low relief.These rocks are subdivided into tonalite and granodiorite.They are essentially composed of plagioclase,quartz,biotite,hornblende and potash feldspar;and 2) the post-orogenic granites,characterized by high relief terrain and represented by monzogranite,syenogranite and alkali granite.The monzogranites suffered hydrothermal alteration in particular along joints,faults,shear zones and fractures,which recorded the highest values of radioactivity,reflecting the role of post-magmatic alteration processes in the enhancement of radioactivity.The hydrothermal alteration(desilicification and hematitization) resulted in the formation of mineralized(altered) granites.The altered granites are enriched in TiO 2,Al 2 O 3,FeO T,MnO,MgO,Na 2 O,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Zn,Ga and Co and depleted in SiO 2,CaO,P 2 O 5,Nb,Pb,Cu,Ni and Cr relative to the fresh monzogranite.The investigated granites contain basic xenoliths as well as pockets of pegmatites.Perthites,quartz,plagioclase and sometimes biotite,represent the essential constituents.Some accessory minerals like zircon are metamicted reflecting their radiogenic nature.The alkali granites are characterized by the presence of aegirine,rebeckite and arfvedsonite.Both syn-and post-orogenic granites show some variations in their bulk chemical compositions.The older granitoids are metaluminous and exhibit characteristics of I-type granites and possess an arc tectonic environment.On the other hand,the younger granites are peraluminous and exhibit the characteristics of post-collisional granites.It is interpreted that radioactivity of the studied rocks is mainly controlled by both magmatic and post-magmatic activities.Frequently,the post-orogenic granites host zoned and unzoned pegmatite pockets.Some of these pockets anomalously attain high radioactivity.The syenogranites and the pegmatites are characterized by high contents of SiO 2 and K 2 O and low CaO and MgO.They have transitional characters from highly fractionated calc-alkaline to alkaline.The alkali granites related to A2-subtype of A-type granites.The post-orogenic granites were originated from magma of dominant crustal source materials and related to post-collisional setting under extensional environment.     

黑龙江省呼中地区早寒武世花岗岩构造环境的地球化学研究

黑龙江省呼中地区早寒武世花岗岩的岩石类型为二长花岗岩,依据同源岩浆演化理论划分为4个侵入期次,岩石结构表现出一期结构演化序列中由细粒向粗粒的演化趋势。花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征显示w(SiO₂)普遍大于70%,w(Na₂O)/w(K₂O)＜1,为钙碱性岩石,标准矿物中均出现刚玉而未见透辉石,属S型花岗岩;δ(Eu)一般大于0.5,属铕弱亏损,Ｎ（⁸⁷Sr）/Ｎ(⁸⁶Sr)＞0.706,应为区内古老陆壳主体经重熔作用成因。各种岩石地球化学指数均表现出研究区花岗岩与碰撞型花岗岩的特征趋于一致,可与中国西藏及阿曼同碰撞型花岗岩相对比。碰撞型花岗岩的岩浆活动提供了该区新元古代-早寒武世额尔古纳地块南部大陆边缘陆缘增生的构造动力学信息。     

河北兴隆平泉地区花岗岩类地球化学特征

本文通过大量实际资料,对兴隆平泉地区花岗岩类岩石化学、部分金属元素、微量元素及稀土元素分布等进行分析,主要论述了该区与成矿有关的两类岩石即花岗岩-花岗斑岩类及花岗闪长岩类岩石的地球化学特征,指出两类岩石在地球化学特征上的差异不仅与岩性有关,而且主要与成矿物质来源有关。     

新疆巴里坤县大加山一带碱性花岗岩的特征及构造环境探讨

大加山一带的碱性花岗岩按侵入先后可分为碱长花岗岩单元、钠闪石碱性花岗岩单元、霓石钠门石碱性花岗岩单元，由它们构成大加山超单元。这些岩石大都含碱性暗色矿物，从矿物组合看具贫水特征，岩石化学方面显示高硅、高碱、贫铝、镁、钙等特征；微量元素显示钾、铷、钍富集，锶、钡等强烈亏损特点；稀土元素总量较高，轻稀土较重稀土富集，并具有强的负铕异常。就位机制为断裂扩张并具顶蚀型被动定位类型，同源岩浆演化具反序列演化特点。上述特征和区域构造环境分析表明，大加山一带碱性花岗岩为非造山环境下形成的Ａ型花岗岩。     

Deformation history of the Naraku Batholith,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia: Implications for pluton ages and geometries from structural study of the Dipvale Granodiorite and Levian Granite

Plutons of the Naraku Batholith were emplaced into Proterozoic metasediments of the northern portion of the Eastern Fold Belt of the Mt Isa Inlier during two intrusive episodes approximately 200 million years apart. Structural relationships and geochronological data suggest that the older plutons (ca 1750 Ma) are contemporaneous with granites of the Wonga Batholith to the west. The Dipvale Granodiorite and the Levian Granite represent these older intrusive phases of the Naraku Batholith, and both contain an intense tectonic foliation, S₁, which is interpreted to have formed during the north‐south shortening associated with D₁ of the Isan Orogeny. The geometry of S₁ form surfaces at the southern end of the Dipvale Granodiorite, and of the previously unrecognised sheeted contact, defines a macroscopic, steeply south‐southwest‐plunging antiform, which was produced by the regional D₂ of the Isan Orogeny. S₁ form surfaces in the Levian Granite define open F₂ folds with wavelengths of several hundred metres. The structural age of emplacement of the Dipvale Granodiorite and the Levian Granite is interpreted to be pre‐ or syn‐ the regional D₁. An intense foliation present in some of the younger (ca 1505 Ma) granites that comprise the bulk of the Naraku Batholith is interpreted to represent S₃ of the Isan Orogeny. Foliations commonly have similar styles and orientations in both the pre‐D₁ and younger plutons. This emphasises the simplicity with which regional fabrics can be, and probably have been, miscorrelated in the Eastern Fold Belt, and that the classification of granites in general on the basis of structural and geometric criteria alone is fraught with danger.     

浙东白垩纪北漳和梁弄花岗岩体及其暗色岩石包体研究

浙东地区晚中生代花岗岩类在岩性上分为三类：花岗岩-二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和A型花岗岩。对后两类花岗岩已有较多研究,但对前一类,尤其是二长花岗岩的研究还较薄弱。选择浙东具代表性的北漳和梁弄二长花岗岩体及其所含暗色岩石包体,以及共生的石英闪长岩类,通过系统的岩石学与地球化学对比研究,提出浙东二长花岗岩属准铝质、高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩类演化系列,暗色岩石包体是由花岗质岩浆在深部析离出的镁铁质微粒包体(MME),成分特征类似于石英闪长岩,说明三者具内在成因联系,均与俯冲作用关系密切。     

南祁连阳康地区花岗岩锆石年龄及地质意义

沿着南祁连北缘出露有一系列古生代的侵入岩,其形成时代一直存在争议,本文对出露在阳康地区的花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,确定了该地区花岗岩的时代归属;这些岩体主要分布在哈拉湖,阳康等地区,岩性主要为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩等,研究的结果表明其地质时代属晚奥陶世,对南祁连的大地构造演化具有重要的地质意义。     

冈底斯岩基中包体的初步研究

本文综合国内外研究成果对花岗岩中岩石包体进行成因归类,指出对其研究的理论和实际意义。以岩相学为基础,讨论冈底斯岩基中镁铁质包体的类型及形成机理,揭示冈底斯各单元岩浆作用初期的演化过程。     

北山花岗岩S型/I型空间变化规律及含矿性

北山地区花岗岩十分发育, 出露面积接近总面积的30%, 形成时代以华力西期为主, 约占80%以上。笔者根据岩石化学判别统计, 本区花岗岩的S型/I型个数比例, 北带0.33, 中带0.54, 南带0.59, 说明从北向南, I型花岗岩逐渐减少, S型花岗岩逐渐增多。区内花岗岩类为重要的含矿岩石, 其中典型斑岩铜矿床与I型花岗质斑岩有关, 当出现铜铅组合时则与S型花岗质斑岩有关; 钼矿床有关花岗岩一般属I型, 当出现钨钼组合时则向S型花岗岩过渡; 钨锡矿床主要与S型花岗岩有关; 金矿床有关的花岗岩既有I型, 也有S型, 专属性不明显。     

东昆仑灶火沟早志留世花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义

灶火沟早志留世(436.8~433.7 Ma)花岗岩发育于东昆中蛇绿构造混杂岩带中,主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,其围岩分别为中元古代万宝沟群和奥陶—志留纪纳赤台群。花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩w(Si O2)分别为56.12%~63.49%和70.62%~76.54%,均为钙碱性系列。二长花岗岩显示向富碱质过渡的特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.79~1.02,属准铝质—弱过铝质系列,为I型花岗岩。花岗闪长岩∑REE低于二长花岗岩∑REE,两者均具有LREE相对富集而HREE相对亏损的相似的右倾球粒陨石标准化配分曲线特征,花岗闪长岩具弱负Eu异常,二长花岗岩具强负Eu异常;两者均具有相对富集LILE而相对亏损HFS的微量元素特征。地球化学特征显示灶火沟花岗岩为岛弧型花岗岩,是原特提斯洋壳向北俯冲引起地幔楔物质底侵东昆仑岛弧下地壳部分熔融的产物,表明东昆仑造山带在早志留世仍处于原特提斯洋壳俯冲消减阶段。