基于高分辨率影像城市建筑物研究

建筑物是城市的重要组成部分,近年来城市化进程不断加快,城市人口与城市建筑物日益增多,及时获取建筑物的空间分布以及建筑覆盖率、建筑容积率等相关指标,有利于城市居住环境状况进行科学评价,促进土地利用优化配置,还可为交通与通讯等科学规划提供参考.随着高分辨率影像应用的日益推广以及信息提取技术的不断提高,利用高分辨率卫星影像提取城市建筑物及建筑覆盖率、建筑容积率等指标与传统手段相比具有快速、高效等特点,得到广泛应用并取得丰硕成果.本文在前人研究的基础上,对基于高分辨率城市建筑物提取及相关研究的理论基础、存在问题、发展趋势进行了深入分析,对于高分辨率影像城市建筑物研究系统化、促进城市遥感的深化具有重要意义.     

大城市地区高分辨率卫星立体影像几何定位研究

高分辨率卫星遥感是卫星遥感的重要组成部分.高分辨率卫星搭载的传感器可以获取同轨和异轨立体影像,实现地面目标的3维重建.随着城市的不断发展,高分辨率卫星影像在城市地区的应用需求越来越大.     

面向"数字城市"的遥感信息获取与处理系统

随着数字城市的兴起,城市空间信息的快速获取和处理成为"数字城市"建设的关键内容之一.高分辨率卫星遥感和航空遥感因其分辨率高,在城市空间信息的获取和更新上可以发挥独特的作用. 本文对适应"数字城市"的航空遥感信息模块化获取和高分辨率遥感数据处理技术进行了阐述,并通过机载三维成像仪的数据获取,说明航空遥感在数字城市中的作用.     

基于ENVI的高分辨率遥感影像城市绿地信息提取研究

近年来众多高分辨率遥感卫星的发射为城市绿地信息提取提供了高效的手段,如何充分利用高分辨率遥感影像对现代城市进行规划和生态环境评价具有重要意义。文中介绍一个完整的遥感工程在ENVI下的实现过程,包含高分辨率数据的处理、高分辨率信息提取流程的合理安排、FX模块面向对象信息提取等内容,可全面快速掌握城市绿地总量与分布现状,为绿地系统规划与日常管理决策提供参考,对生态城市建设具有重要意义。     

高分辨率遥感影像在城市三维景观建立中的应用

 高分辨率遥感影像具有高空间分辨率、高清晰度、信息量丰富及数据时效性强等优点，是建立城市三维景观的良好数据源。本文对高分辨率遥感影像在城市三维景观建立中的相关技术与方法进行了初步探讨，对其应用的优势及存在问题进行了简单分析。研究表明，基于高分辨率遥感影像能够快速、便捷、经济地建立高时效性的城市三维景观。     

长春市利用高分辨率卫星正射影像生产城市专题地理信息工程技术实践

高分辨率卫星遥感影像是城市空间地理信息的重要数据源,可通过遥感影像信息提取技术获取以满足城市规划、城市园林、市政公共管理等部门所需的城市专题地理信息数据。本文阐述了长春市利用高分辨率卫星正射影像,采用人机交互目视解译方法批量生产城市专题地理信息的技术实践。     

面向对象的绿地信息提取

绿地与人们的生产、生活密切相关,绿地是城市的净化器,发挥着保持水土、涵养水源、调节自然界生态平衡等重要作用.本文主要讨论了面向对象的分类技术,研究了多尺度影像分割和基于高分辨率影像的信息提取方法,在实验的基础上与传统的基于像元统计方法的信息提取结果进行了比较.结果表明,面向对象的信息提取方法在高分辨率遥感影像绿地信息提取中具有明显优势,可大大提高分类效率和精度.     

内陆河流域典型地类面向对象的图像分类试验

利用了基于面向对象的最近邻法分类,比较了最大似然法的分类结果,得出了其不仅适合高分辨率城市遥感影像的分类,而且在中分辨率土地利用/土地覆盖上也有很好的应用.     

高分辨率卫星遥感技术在城市规划管理领域的应用概述

自20世纪90年代末期,高分辨率遥感卫星在民用和商业领域取得了突破性发展。亚米级超高分辨率遥感卫星影像数据已在城市测绘、规划与管理领域取得广泛应用。本文结合笔者多年从事城市遥感工作的实践,总结了高分辨率卫星遥感技术在城市规划管理领域从日常工作、专题信息获取到规划成果表达等方面的应用。     

IKONOS遥感影像在城市生态环境中的典型应用研究

应用不同的方法对IKONOS遥感影像进行处理,提取城市生态环境要素,研究高分辨率遥感影像在城市生态环境监测中的典型应用及采用的技术手段.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。