华北克拉通东部南北缘中生代火山-沉积格局及其构造转折过程

通过华北克拉通东部北缘和南缘盆地充填序列和盆地分布演化对比研究,解析了该区中生代构造转折过程。研究发现两侧盆地均大致从早侏罗世开始发育,约以晚侏罗世为界,之前盆地充填记录反映以挤压作用、岩石圈增厚为主,之后以陆内伸展、岩石圈减薄为主,显示晚侏罗世明显的构造转折,并且地壳浅部的构造体制转变均滞后于岩石圈深部构造环境的变化。然而,两侧盆地演化也有明显差别：①北缘燕辽地区从早侏罗世到白垩纪,发育了多层系的从基性、中基性到中酸性的火山岩及火山碎屑岩组合,而南缘合肥盆地仅在晚侏罗世早白垩世产出钙碱性火山岩及火山碎屑岩组合,反映出不同的深部构造过程和源区特征;②北缘的岩石圈减薄可能始于约163 Ma,南缘明显的岩石圈减薄则始于约149 Ma,而反映在盆地构造与充填尺度上的伸展作用分别对应于大约145 Ma和132 Ma;③晚侏罗世构造转折期,北缘燕辽地区粗碎屑沉积以河流体系为主,反映盆山地势高差较小;而南缘该期发育冲积扇体系,盆山地势高差较大;④北缘盆地沉积中心迁移规律复杂,而南缘总体呈现由南向北的迁移趋势。显然,大别山碰撞造山和后造山期强烈的隆升和剥露对南缘盆地演化具有极大的主导和制约作用,而北缘则显示出强烈的壳幔相互作用并伴有区域性的陆内挤压推覆（转折前）和张裂 伸展（转折后）交替的特点。华北克拉通晚中生代构造转折的时限北缘较南缘早,说明诱发这一转折事件的区域构造动力可能首先与华北北部壳幔相互作用密切关联。     

渤海西南海域中生代构造演化、动力学机制及其对华北克拉通破坏的启示

渤海西南海域自中生代以来历经多期构造活动,记录了华北克拉通的破坏过程。为了明晰渤海西南海域中生代构造演化与区域构造间的关系,以研究区三维地震资料以及深层钻井资料为基础,结合区域构造背景,厘定了研究区中生代构造特征,恢复了中生代构造演化过程,并探讨了其动力学机制及其对华北克拉通破坏的响应。结果表明:(1)不同于渤海湾盆地陆上油区NEE向的构造面貌,渤海西南海域发育多走向、多类型构造,三维地震资料揭示中生代发育NWW向负反转裂陷、NEE向走滑逆冲、挤压褶皱等异于新生代伸展样式的特殊构造,其中尤以NWW向负反转构造占主导。(2)渤海西南海域中生代以来经历了印支期逆冲褶皱成山、燕山早期左旋逆冲改造、燕山中期裂陷反转以及燕山晚期褶皱等多期变形过程, 其中印支期逆冲褶皱是潜山形成的关键时期,而燕山中期反转是构造体制发生变革的关键时期。(3)NWW向构造的形成与印支期华南板块与华北板块的碰撞有关,燕山早期左旋走滑是太平洋板块NWW向俯冲于华北板块之下的结果,代表太平洋构造域接替古特提斯构造域控制华北板块变形;燕山中期的裂陷反转与区域大规模中基性岩浆活动相对应,是华北克拉通大规模破坏的浅层响应。印支期NWW向先存构造燕山中期反转裂陷模式的提出,丰富了传统华北克拉通破坏形成NEE向盆地的简单构造模式。     

华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约

在华北克拉通东部鲁西—徐淮地区,存在一套辉石闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成的adakitic岩石。锆石SHRI MP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于早白垩世(130~132Ma)。该类岩石具有较高的MgO含量(质量分数为1·46%~9·76%)、高的Mg#值(0·46~0·68)和高的Sr/Y值(主体介于30~52之间,个别高达410)。这些特征类似于由俯冲大洋板片部分熔融形成的adakitic岩石。然而,它们所表现出来的相对较高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0·7051~0·7077)和较低的εNd(t)值(-4·43~-15·92)则反映岩浆形成或演化过程中应有陆壳物质的参与。徐淮地区该类岩石中榴辉岩类捕虏体和石榴石捕虏晶的存在和鲁西辉石闪长岩中众多地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,以及这些捕虏体中普遍发育富硅质交代作用,由此可以判定该类岩浆应起源于拆沉下部大陆地壳的部分熔融及其在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩的反应,石榴石作为残留相。华北克拉通东部早白垩世adakitic岩石的存在以及榴辉岩类捕虏体的年代学表明,中生代早期曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程,之后相继出现的加厚岩石圈的拆沉应是中生代岩石圈减薄的主导机制。     

华北克拉通及邻区晚中生代伸展构造及其动力学背景的讨论

欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造十分显著,表现为大量发育的变质核杂岩、同构造岩浆岩、韧性拆离断层带等伸展成因的穹隆和地堑-半地堑盆地.通过对这些伸展构造进行系统分析、归纳和总结,将欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造发育区划分为:泛贝加尔-鄂霍次克带、华北西部带、华北东部带、华北南缘及秦岭-大别带和华南内陆带.这些伸展构造记录了大区域上的NW-SE方向伸展,构成了全球最大的陆壳伸展地区.这些伸展构造使地壳深部的岩石沿拆离断层折返至地表,从而使中下地壳结构发生了强烈的改造.除华北东部带给出了一个较为宽泛的伸展时段外,各个研究区所涉及的伸展穹隆及其相关的拆离断层所表现的伸展峰期时间均十分相近:位于130 ～ 126Ma之间.岩石圈根部的拆沉可能是这个巨型伸展构造带形成的动力学机制.这个模型为探讨华北克拉通破坏和减薄的时限、机制、模式及深部动力学背景提供直接的构造证据.     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题.华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区.华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究.通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论.随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题.     

吕梁山——华北克拉通中部中生代基底卷入褶皱系统

位于华北克拉通中部的吕梁山的形成代表了华北克拉通在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的挤压变形事件,为了更好地理解该期变形的样式、时代、机制和背景,对吕梁山地区开展了详细的野外调查,同时搜集了前人的低温热年代学工作.结果表明,吕梁山是一个中生代期间形成的发育有典型单褶（monocline）构造的陆内基底卷入型大型褶皱系统.早前寒武纪造山作用在基底中形成早期面理（片麻理、片理、劈理以及节理）,这些面理在后期近东西向挤压作用下再次活动形成了基底断裂,并导致了上覆沉积地层褶皱变形,吕梁山不同地区褶皱的古应力场方向总体为SE（122°）~NW（302°）.吕梁山单褶构造的构造样式、形成机制以及分布,与北美西部的Laramide造山带中的厚皮构造相似,形成的构造环境也类似.吕梁山褶皱及其单褶构造总体形成于晚侏罗世期间古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲的环境中,该期俯冲也导致了华北克拉通同期陆内挤压变形.      

郯庐断裂带晚中生代演化历史及其对华北克拉通破坏过程的指示

郯庐断裂带晚中生代的演化历史是华北克拉通破坏过程的重要记录。中侏罗世末(燕山运动A幕),郯庐断裂带局部发生左行平移活动,而华北克拉通上出现了一系列北北东走向的缩短构造,指示了西太平洋伊泽奈崎板块俯冲的开始。晚侏罗世期间,郯庐断裂带没有发生活动,而华北克拉通出现局部伸展与岩浆活动及区域性隆升,应为弧后弱拉张背景。早白垩世初(燕山运动B幕),郯庐断裂带再次发生强烈的左行平移活动,华北克拉通北部与东部出现了一系列近南北向挤压产生的构造,应是鄂霍茨克洋最终关闭与伊泽奈崎板块高速俯冲双重作用的结果。随后的早白垩世期间,华北克拉通在弧后拉张背景下发生峰期破坏,郯庐断裂带呈现为强烈的伸展活动。早白垩世末的区域性挤压作用,结束了华北克拉通的峰期破坏,并使郯庐断裂带再次发生了一期左行平移活动。这期挤压作用出现在太平洋板块接替伊泽奈崎板块这一重大板块调整的背景之中。     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题,华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区。华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究。通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论。随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题。     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题,华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区。华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究。通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论。随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题。     

华北克拉通东部中生代岩石圈减薄的过程与机制:中生代火成岩和深源捕虏体证据

基于最新的同位素年代学资料 ,华北克拉通东部中生代的岩浆作用可划分成四个阶段 ,即晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)碱性岩浆作用 ;中晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用 ;早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用和晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用。徐淮地区中生代侵入岩中榴辉岩捕虏体的发现及其地质年代学资料 ( 2 1 9Ma)表明 ,华北克拉通东部中生代早期曾发生过一次重要的陆壳加厚过程。俯冲板片的断离以及高压—超高压变质岩的快速折返和晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5～ 2 2 5Ma)的碱性岩浆作用的存在均暗示 ,华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄已经开始。拆沉作用则是引起中生代早期岩石圈减薄的主要机制。中、晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5～ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用形成于造山期后的伸展环境 ,代表了中生代岩石圈减薄的继续和发展。早白垩世 ( 1 1 2～ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用表明中生代岩石圈减薄达到了峰期。而幔源纯橄岩捕虏体中富硅质熔体的交代作用和玄武岩的高87Sr/ 86Sr值、低ε(Nd ,t)值特征表明 ,软流圈对岩石圈底部的化学侵蚀可能是导致该阶段岩石圈减薄的主导机制。晚白垩世 ( 92～ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用和“海洋型”地幔捕虏体的存在代表了等温面的下降和岩石圈地幔的增生     

40Ar/39Ar dating of the Jiehe gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula,eastern North China Craton: Implications for regional gold metallogeny

The Jiehe gold deposit, containing a confirmed gold reserve of 34 tonnes (t), is a Jiaojia-type (disseminated/stockwork-style) gold deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula. Orebodies are hosted in the contact zone between the Jurassic Moshan biotite granite and the Cretaceous Shangzhuang porphyritic granodiorite, and are structurally controlled by the NNE- to NE-striking Wangershan-Hedong Fault. Sulphide minerals are composed predominantly of pyrite with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Hydrothermal alteration is strictly controlled by fracture zones, in which disseminated sulfides and native gold are spatially associated with pervasive sericitic alteration. Mineralogical, textural, and field relationships indicate four stages of alteration and mineralization, including pyrite-bearing milky and massive quartz (stage 1), light-gray granular quartz–pyrite (stage 2), quartz–polysulfide (stage 3) and quartz–carbonate (stage 4) stages. Economic gold is precipitated in stages 2 and 3.The Jiehe deposit was previously considered to form during the Eocene (46.5 ± 2.3 Ma), based on Rb-Sr dating of sericite. However, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of sericite in this study yields well-defined, reproducible plateau ages between 118.8 ± 0.7 Ma and 120.7 ± 0.8 Ma. These ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are consistent with geochronological data from other gold deposits in the region, indicating that all gold deposits in Jiaodong formed in a short-term period around 120 Ma. The giant gold mineralization event has a tight relationship with the extensional tectonic regime, and is a shallow crustal metallogenic response of paleo-Pacific slab subduction and lithospheric destruction in the eastern NCC.     

Late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in the North China Craton and its adjacent regions: a review and synthesis

ABSTRACT

The late Mesozoic tectonics of the North China Craton (NCC) and its adjacent regions were characterized by a general lithospheric extension and remarked by extensional dome structures, such as the metamorphic core complexes, syn-tectonic plutons, rolling-hinge structures, and widespreadgraben/half graben basins. According to our own field observations, laboratory work, and previous results of other groups, from north to south, five extensional domains have been delineated, namely Transbaikalia–Mongol–Okhotsk, western part of NCC, eastern part of NCC and Korea, Qinling–Dabie and its neighbouring, and the interior of South China Block, respectively. As the largest crustal scale extensional tectonic realm in the world, these domains are featured by a NW–SE extensional direction with strong extensional exhumation of middle to lower crust rocks to the surface along detachment faults. Geochronological work on these ductile detachment faults constrain a narrow activity period around 130 Ma except several extensive structures along the Tan–Lu fault, which documents a relative longer extensional period. The foundering of the lower part of the lithosphere could be a possible mechanism of this continent-scale extensional tectonics. This geodynamic model could help us to enhance the knowledge of the time, scale, and mechanism of the NCC destruction from the view of structural analysis.     

华北中生代岩浆作用与去克拉通化

华北是全球古老克拉通遭受破坏最明显和最典型的地区,其去克拉通化作用的时间、范围和机制等重要科学问题是国内外研究的热点。大规模岩浆作用是去克拉通化作用的地质表现之一,通过对华北地区侵入岩侵位时代、源区、成岩过程的研究,可有效反演其去克拉通化作用的时空范围、过程及可能的动力学机制。华北东部广泛发育大面积的中生代侵入岩,本文在作者近十年研究的基础上,通过总结华北东部中生代侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年代学资料,厘定了华北东部中生代岩浆活动主要分为三叠纪、侏罗纪和早白垩世三期;通过岩浆源区、岩石成因研究,探讨不同时期岩石圈(地幔和大陆地壳)性质和厚度的转变及破坏的空间范围;在此基础上,结合区域地质特征初步探讨了华北去克拉通化的地球动力学机制。     

辽南晚中生代以来的剥露冷却历史

古太平洋/太平洋板块与欧亚大陆的持续相互作用不仅引发了中国东部强烈的构造变形及岩浆活动,而且使古老而稳定的华北克拉通东部陆块岩石圈在中生代发生减薄、去克拉通化和破坏,并诱发克拉通地壳的持续拉张与减薄.为了更好地理解华北克拉通破坏后地壳持续拉张减薄过程及机制,本文利用锆石/磷灰石(U-Th)/He及裂变径迹等多种低温热年...     

Geochemical constraints on the origin of Mesozoic alkaline intrusive complexes from the North China Craton and tectonic implications

Mesozoic alkaline intrusive complexes are widespread in the southern portion of the North China Craton and can provide some important constraints on the evolution of the Mesozoic lithosphere beneath the region. Three selected intrusive complexes (Tongshi, Hongshan, and Longbaoshan) are generally high in alkalis (K₂O+Na₂O=913 wt.%) and Al₂O₃ (1421.6 wt.%) and low in CaO and TiO₂ (<0.6 wt.%), with high and variable SiO₂ contents. Rocks from these complexes are all enriched in LREE and LILE (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th), depleted in Nb and Ti, have a highly positive Pb anomaly, and are characterized by lack of a clear Eu anomaly despite trace element abundances and isotopic ratios that vary greatly between complexes. The Tongshi complex has high Cs (2.68.5 ppm) and REE abundances (∑REE=112.6297 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=13.130.9) and MORB-like Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic ratios ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i<0.704; ε_Nd>0; (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i>18). The Hongshan complex has low REE concentrations (∑REE=28.2118.7 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=4.614.7) and is moderately enriched as demonstrated by their Sr–Nd isotopic ratios ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i>0.706; ε_Nd<−7). The Longbaoshan complex is extremely REE enriched (∑REE=211.3392.6 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=32.460.9) and has an EM2-like Sr–Nd isotopic character ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i>0.7078; ε_Nd<−11). We suggest that the Tongshi complex originated from the asthenosphere and the Hongshan complex and the Longbaoshan complex were derived from the partial melting of previously subduction-modified lithospheric mantle, in response to post-collisional lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling. The occurrence of these alkaline intrusive complexes demonstrates that the lithosphere beneath the region must have been considerably thinned at the time of intrusion of these complexes. This study also shed light on the temporal evolution of the Mesozoic lithosphere and the timing of the lithospheric thinning.     

Late Mesozoic magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula,East China:Implications for crust-mantle interactions and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton

A section from the Linglong gold deposit on the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula,East China,containing Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks from mafic and intermediate dikes and felsic intrusions,was chosen to investigate the lithospheric evolution of the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Zircon U-Pb data showed that low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions were emplaced during the Late Jurassic(～145 Ma) and late Early Cretaceous(112-107 Ma),respectively;high-Mg adakitic diorite and mafic dikes were also emplaced during the Early Cretaceous at～139 Ma and ～118 Ma,and 125-145 Ma and 115-120 Ma,respectively.The geochemical data,including whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,imply that the mafic dikes originated from the partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatised through hydrous fluids from a subducted oceanic slab.Low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC,while high-Mg adakitic diorite dikes originated from the mixing of mafic and felsic melts.Late Mesozoic magmatism showed that lithosphere-derived melts showed a similar source depth and that crust-derived felsic melts originated from the continuously thickened lower crust of the Jiaodong Peninsula from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.We infer that the lower crust of the eastern NCC was thickened through compression and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the NCC during the Middle Jurassic.Slab rollback of the plate from ～160 Ma resulted in lithospheric thinning and accompanied Late Mesozoic magmatism.