南黄海盆地北部坳陷北凹断裂特征与构造演化

南黄海盆地北部坳陷北凹是自晚白垩世发育起来的中、新生代凹陷,其凹陷结构具有北断南超、北深南浅的复式箕状特征。平面上可划分为北部断阶带、中部深凹带和南部斜坡带3个次级构造单元。断裂主要为正断层,局部发育少量逆断层,有EW向、NE向和NW向3组;活动时间上可分为早期、中期、晚期断裂;发育板式、铲式、坡坪式等多种类型断裂组合。根据断裂规模和对地层的控制作用,可将断裂分为3级,一级断裂控凹、二级断裂控区带、三级断裂控圈。控凹断裂(千里岩断裂)在凹陷中部断层活动速率最大,沉降快、沉积厚度较大,对应北部断阶带、中部深凹带核心区,在凹陷边缘、斜坡带则活动速率较低。构造演化受仪征、吴堡、真武、三垛4次构造运动事件控制,经历伸展张裂、裂后拗陷2个演化阶段,广泛接受上白垩统浦口组-泰州组,古近系古新统阜宁组,始新统戴南组、三垛组及新近系沉积。综合断裂体系、凹陷沉积充填与构造演化史,预测北凹油气成藏具有近源近断、复杂断块成藏的特点,深大断裂是油气运移和充注的关键因素,断阶带中部、深凹断鼻构造带紧邻生烃中心,发育一批有利构造圈闭,成藏配置条件较好,是有利勘探方向。     

车镇凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩体识别与储层物性预测

车镇凹陷陡坡带沙三段砂砾岩扇体发育,但目前对砂砾岩体横向展布范围及砂砾岩体边界的划分尚不清楚,储层物性难以预测。首先,利用相干分析技术开展砂砾岩扇体沉积相的划分,明确了扇体的展布规律、分布范围、划清了砂砾岩扇体的边界。然后,利用声波、速度谱等资料探讨了沙三下亚段(Es3x)地层压力情况,认为Es3x存在欠压实超压带,车镇凹陷欠压实超压带的发现为寻找沙三段砂砾岩扇体储层物性良好发育区指明了方向。最后,利用地震高频能量衰减检测技术对储层物性进行了预测。通过地震高频能量衰减梯度法预测的储层物性良好发育区,位于研究区欠压实超压区带内,用地震能量高频波段的衰减特征不但可预测不同井位的储层物性,还可根据连井衰减梯度剖面的变化规律预测地震高频波段高衰减区的延伸范围。高频能量衰减梯度法预测的储层物性良好发育区带与实钻结果吻合度好。     

西湖凹陷孔雀亭地区复合圈闭发育模式与油气富集差异控制因素

随着勘探程度不断加深,东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带全面进入了断层-岩性复合油气藏勘探阶段,位于保俶斜坡中北部的孔雀亭地区是复合油气藏有利发育区。通过对孔雀亭地区复合圈闭发育的构造沉积背景、断裂-古地貌的控砂作用以及分带、分层系油气成藏富集规律研究,明确了孔雀亭地区复合圈闭形成条件、发育模式及油气富集差异控制因素。认为孔雀亭地区西高东低的地貌背景、西部古隆起上发育的多条“U”型及“V”型沟谷,NE向断裂坡折及NW挠曲坡折共同控制了多条水系的平面发育特征及砂体展布,与NE向断层匹配形成了典型的断层-岩性复合圈闭,成为孔雀亭地区重要的勘探领域,取得了断层-岩性圈闭勘探突破。孔雀亭地区不同区带油气富集程度不同,圈闭与有效烃源岩距离、砂体规模、储层物性、断层封堵性等要素的匹配程度控制各带油气富集程度。中低带相对近源,断层未断至浅层,保存条件好,受断坡及挠曲坡折共控,为规模砂体卸载区,物性较好,油气相对最为富集,具有良好的勘探潜力。     

应用坡折带理论指导黄海陆相湖盆油气勘探

坡折带可分为构造坡折带、沉积坡折带、侵蚀坡折带，而在陆相湖盆沉积中，规模较大的同沉积断裂（系）常构成构造坡折带。构造坡折带不但控制砂岩、砾岩体的发育，而且控制烃源岩发育、油气的运聚方式。在陆相断陷湖盆中，构造坡折带及其控制的低位域砂体发育带与湖侵域优质烃源岩的有效配置部位就是岩性油气的富集带。北黄海盆地发育多个坳陷，地史时期各坳陷经历了多期发育阶段，也必然导致湖盆坡折带的多期发育。分析北黄海盆地构造坡折带类型和各种地质体的分布规律、研究构造坡折带对各种圈闭的控制因素，能够更具体和有效地限定储油砂体的部位及规模，增大发现油气藏的可能性。     

乌干达Albert地堑中新—上新统沉积特征及控制因素

乌干达Albert地堑位于东非裂谷西支北段,是晚中新世开始发育的陆内裂谷盆地。盆地油气资源丰富,中新—上新统砂岩是盆地的主要储层。综合运用录井、测井、岩心、孢藻和地震等资料分析认为,该时期气候温湿,湖平面振荡式上升;盆地物源体系复杂,发育Victoria Nile、Albert Nile和Kafu等多条主水系;盆地构造分带差异明显,由北至南依次发育缓坡带、中部断阶带、南部陡断带、断阶带和高角度斜坡带。北部缓坡带发育沿盆地长轴方向的正常三角洲;中部断阶带、南部陡断带及南部断阶带发育一系列垂直于盆地轴向的扇三角洲及湖底扇;高角度斜坡带发育沿盆地长轴方向的扇三角洲及近岸水下扇。沉积体系的类型及展布特征与物源体系、构造分带、湖平面升降和气候特征密切相关。综合分析认为盆地北部区域、东部边界断层下降盘及盆地南部是良好的储盖组合发育区。     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷层序地层样式分析

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷是一个典型的箕状断陷盆地,其层序地层格架受到主干断裂特别是珠三南断裂的强烈控制。由于珠三南断裂活动的差异性,盆地东部、中部和西部表现为不同的格架样式。并据此划分出坳陷内的3种典型层序样式,分别是缓坡型、断控陡坡型和断阶型层序样式。文昌A凹陷与阳江低凸起过渡的斜坡区和文昌B凹陷与琼海低凸起过渡区为具有坡折的缓坡背景,发育缓坡坡折型层序样式,发育斜坡扇、盆底扇、低位楔。珠三南断裂等主干断裂下降盘发育断控陡坡带层序样式,在珠三南断裂中部地区,发育断阶型层序样式。     

珠江口盆地深水区油气储层发育规律及勘探方向北大核心CSCD

珠江口盆地白云凹陷是我国深水油气勘探的重点区域,然而对其深水储层分布特征及规律并没有明确的认识。利用钻井、岩心以及地震资料,针对白云凹陷发育的三套重要的储层,从储层类型分析入手探讨了其时空展布规律,指明珠江口盆地深水区油气勘探方向。研究结果表明:珠江口盆地深水区主要发育深水扇、陆架边缘三角洲与东沙台缘斜坡扇砂体;在缓陆坡阶段,主要在陆架坡折带附近发育陆架边缘三角洲和深水扇储层,而在陡陆坡阶段深水储层主要发育在陆架坡折带的下方,为典型的深水扇砂体;珠江口盆地深水油气勘探目标主要为SQ23.8发育的陆架边缘三角洲、深水扇以及台缘斜坡扇砂体,SQ21时期水道、深水扇和陆架边缘三角洲砂体,SQ13.8发育的深水扇砂体、水道充填砂体。     

珠江口盆地深水区油气储层发育规律及勘探方向

珠江口盆地白云凹陷是我国深水油气勘探的重点区域,然而对其深水储层分布特征及规律并没有明确的认识。利用钻井、岩心以及地震资料,针对白云凹陷发育的三套重要的储层,从储层类型分析入手探讨了其时空展布规律,指明珠江口盆地深水区油气勘探方向。研究结果表明:珠江口盆地深水区主要发育深水扇、陆架边缘三角洲与东沙台缘斜坡扇砂体;在缓陆坡阶段,主要在陆架坡折带附近发育陆架边缘三角洲和深水扇储层,而在陡陆坡阶段深水储层主要发育在陆架坡折带的下方,为典型的深水扇砂体;珠江口盆地深水油气勘探目标主要为SQ23.8发育的陆架边缘三角洲、深水扇以及台缘斜坡扇砂体,SQ21时期水道、深水扇和陆架边缘三角洲砂体,SQ13.8发育的深水扇砂体、水道充填砂体。     

埕北凹陷沙河街组构造-沉积响应特征与油气勘探意义

通过三维地震、岩芯、测井、录井资料,以“源-沟-汇”思想为指导,分析了埕北凹陷沙河街组构造断裂体系演化及其沉积响应特征,梳理了不同构造演化阶段沉积体系发育类型与时空展布。研究表明,沙河街组沉积期埕北断层、埕子口断层具有典型幕式构造演化特征。沙三段沉积期表现为强烈断陷幕,埕北断层活动强烈,陡坡带沿大型古沟谷发育扇三角洲沉积体系;西斜坡沿断槽型沟谷发育三角洲沉积体系;沙二—沙一段沉积期为走滑改造断陷幕,埕北断层活动明显减弱,埕子口断层活动相对较强,陡坡带和西斜坡沿物源通道均继承性发育三角洲沉积体系。勘探实践验证了砂体发育区为构造-沉积响应的结果,为研究区油气勘探指明方向。     

沙四段近源陡坡扇三角洲沉积特征及成储控制因素——以莱州湾凹陷KL油田为例

针对KL油田沙四段扇三角洲巨厚砂砾沉积体优势储层认识不清的问题,利用丰富的井壁取心、薄片、扫描电镜等资料,系统研究莱州湾凹陷南斜坡KL油田沙四段扇三角洲沉积特征,并对形成储层控制因素及储集空间类型进行了探讨。结果表明:沙四段为暖温带干旱背景下的退积型扇三角洲沉积,发育平原和前缘亚相,岩性自下向上发育棕褐色砂砾岩、凝灰质含砾砂岩、杂色含砾砂岩、灰色粗砂岩,局部夹薄层凝灰岩;岩石成分主要为石英、长石以及火山岩碎屑,填隙物以泥质、凝灰质为主,可见白云石。同时发现沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制该套沉积体有效储层形成,扇三角洲前缘沉积的含砾砂岩和粗砂岩分选较好,粒间孔发育,成岩期溶蚀作用改善储集空间效果明显,孔隙类型主要为粒间孔,其次是溶蚀孔;扇三角洲平原沉积的砂砾岩分选极差,粒间孔不发育,溶蚀作用效果差,又受压实作用、胶结交代作用等影响,储集空间变差。指出了南斜坡带沉积体优势储层的分布规律,认为扇三角洲前缘沉积的杂色含砾砂岩为有效储层的主体,是今后勘探评价的重点。     

辽河拗陷东部凹陷南部地区古近系沉积体系与储层评价

Detailed studies on a number of core sections,well logs and seismic date of the paleogene systems of the southern part of eastem sag in Liaohe Depression revealed theat six sedimentary systems,i,e.delta,lake,fan delta,braided river,delta,river and alluvial fan,were distinguished,The sedimentation in the studied area remarkably controlled reservoir and the variability of sedimentary facied caused the diversity of reservior sand bldies and the inhomogeneity of reservoir properties plane distribution;The best reservoir properties are the sand bodies of deltaic front and braided-river deltaic front;the better are the sand bodies of braided-river deltaic plain,deltaic front,braided river and meandering river;the medium reservoir properties are the sand bodies of delta plain,the fan-delta front,the alluvial-middle fan,beach-bar and turbidite fan;the wores are the sand bodies of upper fan and lower fan of alluvial fan,alluvial plain.The favorable sedimentary facies belt controlled the distribution of favorable reservoir and it was an important evidence for prediction favorable stratigraphiv reservoir.     

Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems

To help understand factors that influence submarine fan deposition, we outline some of the principal sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls involved in deep-water sedimentation, give some data on the rates at which they operate, and evaluate their probable effects. Three depositional end-member systems, two submarine fan types (elongate and radial), and a third nonfan, slope-apron system result primarily from variations in sediment type and supply. Tectonic setting and local and global sea-level changes further modify the nature of fan growth, the distribution of facies, and the resulting vertical stratigraphic sequences. Margin setting represents fan and/or source area     

Sedimentary,tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems

To help understand factors that influence submarine fan deposition, we outline some of the principal sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls involved in deep-water sedimentation, give some data on the rates at which they operate, and evaluate their probable effects. Three depositional end-member systems, two submarine fan types (elongate and radial), and a third nonfan, slope-apron system result primarily from variations in sediment type and supply. Tectonic setting and local and global sea-level changes further modify the nature of fan growth, the distribution of facies, and the resulting vertical stratigraphic sequences.     

花东盆地晚中新世以来沉积演化特征

利用近年来在台湾东部海域采集的多道地震和多波速测深资料,对该海域花东海盆区晚中新世以来的沉积充填演化特征进行描述和分析。通过对花东海盆区域地形特征描述、层序地层格架的建立和地震剖面的解译,在本区晚中新世以来的沉积充填中刻画出6种典型地震相类型,并分析其对应的沉积相类型,包括浊积扇、浊积水道充填、块体流、沉积物波、海底峡谷－伴生沉积物滑塌变形－充填、深水扇沉积。结合地震相平面分布及垂向沉积相叠置关系,将晚中新世－第四纪沉积充填演化划分为3个阶段:晚中新世晚期开始受到块体流冲蚀阶段,到海底峡谷冲刷－沉积物失稳－峡谷充填－再侵蚀阶段,到峡谷输送的大量沉积物在上新世以来主要堆积发育了沉积物波、浊积扇、深水扇等沉积体系阶段。     

Imaging the recent sediment dynamics of the Galicia Bank region (Atlantic,NW Iberian Peninsula)

Multibeam bathymetry, high resolution multi-channel, and very high resolution single-channel (3.5 kHz) seismic records were used to depict the complex geomorphology that defines the Galicia Bank region (Atlantic, NW Iberian Peninsula). This region (≈620–5,000 m water depth) is characterized by a great variety of features: structural features (scarps, highs, valleys, fold bulges), fluid dynamics-related features (structural undulations and collapse craters), mass-movement features (gullies, channels, mass-flow deposits, slope-lobe complexes, and mass-transport deposits), bottom-current features (moats, furrows, abraded surface, sediment waves, and drifts), (hemi)pelagic features, mixed features (abraded surfaces associated to mixed sediments) and bioconstructions. These features represent architectural elements of four sedimentary systems: slope apron, contouritic, current-controlled (hemi)pelagic, and (hemi)pelagic. These systems are a reflection of different sedimentary processes: downslope (mass transport, mass flows, turbidity flows), alongslope (bottom currents of Mediterranean Outflow Water, Labrador Sea Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, and Lower Deep Water), vertical settling, and the interplay between them. The architectural and sediment dynamic complexities, for their part, are conditioned by the morphostructural complexity of the region, whose structures (exposed scarps and highs) favor multiple submarine sediment sources, affect the type and evolution of the mass-movement processes, and interact with different water masses. This region and similar sedimentary environments far from the continental sediment sources, as seamounts, are ideal zones for carrying out submarine source-to-sink studies, and can represent areas subject to hazards, both geologic and oceanographic in origin.     

Sedimentary characteristics and tectonic setting of sublacustrine fans in a half-graben rift depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea

Drilling has shown that there is a large petroleum reserve in the Liushagang Formation of the Fushan Depression, South China Sea from reservoirs of the sublacustrine fans. To reduce the risk associated with exploration, the sedimentary characteristics of the sublacustrine fans should be identified and described. Analysis of the drilling cores, well data and 3D seismic data was conducted to identify and interpret the sublacustrine fans which formed in a lacustrine succession as the low-stand fan of the 2nd member of Liushagang Formation (SQEls2). The reservoirs were commonly associated with pebbly conglomerates, mudstone shivers, muddy debris, various deformation structures including micro-faults, liquified deformation structure, ball and pillow structure, slump and stress-release deformation. Further contrastive analysis of sedimentary characteristics and palaeogeomorphology between the western and eastern sublacustrine fans indicates that they belong to two different types of sublacustrine system in continental basins. More specifically, the western fan, controlled by the multi-level step-fault belt, is a typical gravel-rich sublacustrine system which is characterised by structurally controlled, high gradient (2.8–3.3°), admixtures of muddy debris and pebbly conglomerates and poor reservoir quality, while the eastern fan, controlled by the flexure slope-break belt, is a sand-rich sublacustrine system dominated by relatively low gradient (2.0–2.5°), general fining-upwards trend with good reservoir quality. Therefore, the development of future exploration should be conducted at different levels in the Fushan Depression.     

A preliminary assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of the Larsen Basin,Antarctica

The Larsen Basin, on the northwest margin of the Weddell Sea, formed as a Mesozoic ensialic basin during Gondwana breakup. Deposition was either in half grabens on the extending Weddell Sea margin, or in a restricted back-arc basin. At the northern end of this basin 5–6 km of sedimentary rock crop out on James Ross Island, exposing elements of a large potential hydrocarbon system. Aeromagnetic and outcrop data suggest that the basin structure inferred from James Ross Island can be recognised at least as far south as 70°S.Upper Jurassic anoxic marine strata, deposited prior to the main phase of arc development, form a rich potential source (T.O.C. up to 3.5%) with both marine and terrestrial kerogens. Arc-derived volcaniclastic sediments of Barremian — Oligocene age form a regressive megasequence. Basal strata represent slope apron and rudaceous submarine fan deposits proximal to the margin; fan conglomerates form lenticular bodies hundreds of metres thick and tens of kilometres across, enveloped in slope-apron mudstones. Late Cretaceous fault reactivation and uplift led to dramatic shallowing of the basin, with deposition of shelf facies. Although there are many potentially attractive reservoir targets, there may be problems of pore occlusion due to the abundant labile volcanic grains. However, there is evidence of more quartzose sandstone towards the top of the section, and, inferentially, toward the basin centre.In the Larsen Basin, there is moderate potential for oil generated from Upper Jurassic source rocks and reservoired in Cretaceous and Tertiary sandstones and conglomerates, in large stratigraphic or structural traps caused by partial basin inversion during deposition.     

涠西南凹陷二号断裂带断裂控藏研究及应用

涠西南凹陷是勘探开发一体化研究重点区,本文以二号断裂带为研究对象,综合断裂动力学特征、运动学特征、几何学特征等研究,将中段“坡坪式”断裂体系、两侧“铲式”断裂体系等差异性断裂体系内部划分为3级雁列式主断裂、4级分支断裂、5级分支断裂。中段“坡坪式”断裂体系受到更高强度地应力作用,主断裂与分支断裂更为发育,二号断裂带绝大多数油气分布于此。综合分析二号断裂带差异性断裂体系内部断裂系统与油气展布规律之间的关系,得到3方面断裂控藏规律及4种优势断裂控藏模式。在断裂控藏规律及断裂控藏模式的指导下,搜索、优选二号断裂带中段北1块、北3块、北4块潜力目标进行评价、实施。3个潜力区块均实施成功,达到地质油藏目的,断裂控藏规律、断裂控藏模式在涠西南凹陷二号断裂带潜力区块应用效果好。     

Transport processes deduced from geochemistry and the void ratio of surface core samples, deep sea Sagami Bay, central Japan

Sagami Bay is a deep-water foreland basin with an average sedimentary rate of approximately 0.1 g/cm²/year. It is an appropriate area to study for better understanding of sedimentary processes in a setting with a high sedimentation rate. Seven multiple core samples, 30-50 cm thick, were obtained from Sagami Bay. Four of the core samples were taken from the Tokyo submarine fan system (Tokyo canyon floor, Tokyo fan valley and its levee, the distal fan margin). Two samples were obtained from the Sakawa fan delta and the adjacent topographic high. The remaining one was from an escarpment of the Sagami submarine fault. Variations in chemical composition can be recognized at every coring site. They show two different sediment sources: the sediments of the Tokyo submarine fan system and those from Sakawa fan delta. Further, there are differences in chemical composition between canyon floor and levees even within the Tokyo submarine fan system. The results suggest that the sedimentary process is strongly controlled not by vertical particle settling but by a hyperpycnal flow process. The proxies obtained from the core samples do not reflect conditions in the water column immediately overlying the sea floor. Rather, they are controlled by conditions on the adjacent continental shelf or/and shallow basins, which are the areas of primary accumulation.