滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床矿物稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

放羊山矿床是近年来在滇西镇康矿集区内发现的首个以富Cu为特征的Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床,本文在详细的矿床地质特征研究基础上厘定了成矿期次,将成矿作用划分为以Fe-Zn矿化热液成矿期和以Cu-Pb-Zn矿化为主的叠加改造期,其中热液成矿期可进一步划分为阶段Ⅰ(石英-白云石-黄铁矿-毒砂)、阶段Ⅱ(石英-方解石-闪锌矿-绿泥石)和阶段Ⅲ(石英.萤石-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿).对热液成矿期各阶段和叠加改造期不同金属硫化物及脉石矿物稀土元素地球化学特征的研究表明,热液成矿期阶段Ⅰ黄铁矿、阶段Ⅱ闪锌矿、阶段Ⅱ方解石、阶段Ⅲ黄铜矿均具有轻稀土富集的"右倾型"稀土配分特征,且负Eu异常明显;叠加改造期的方解石、闪锌矿和方铅矿稀土配分模式同样为"右倾型",具正Eu异常.以上特征指示热液成矿期成矿环境具还原性,而叠加改造期矿物淀积环境则与之相反,两期成矿作用的物质来源可能与地层有关.放羊山Pb-Zn-Cu多金属矿床中金属硫化物Y/Ho值较为集中,热液成矿期阶段Ⅰ黄铁矿(23.86～28.95)、阶段Ⅱ闪锌矿(23.75～31.33)、阶段Ⅲ黄铜矿(25.42～26.70)和叠加改造期方铅矿(29.2～29.63)、闪锌矿(23.75～31.33)基本落入区域花岗岩(24.58～29.63)Y/Ho值变化区间,脉石矿物方解石(热液成矿期阶段Ⅱ32.76～40.06,叠加改造期32.67～36.54)与大陆东部地壳Y/Ho值(20～35)变化范围相同,表明热液成矿期与叠加改造期成矿流体具有同源性,主要为深部岩浆热液,而方解石的形成可能有上地壳流体的参与.     

新疆阿尔泰蒙库铁矿成矿作用特征

蒙库铁矿是新疆规模最大的铁矿床,其成矿过程及成因复杂.据蒙库铁矿床不同地段矿体主要矿物共生组合情况、形成先后顺序及相互穿插关系,结合显微镜下矿石或矿化岩石的结构构造特征,总结了蒙库铁矿成矿作用特征.蒙库铁矿经历3个成矿期:海相火山沉积成矿期、区域变质成矿期和热液交代成矿期.区域变质成矿期包括浸染状-条带状磁铁矿阶段、块状磁铁矿阶段.热液交代成矿期包括钙硅酸盐交代阶段、硫化物阶段和方解石石英脉阶段.区域变质期是铁的重要成矿期,热液交代期是铜矿化期.据此,认为蒙库铁矿属喷流沉积-区域变质-热液交代多期多成因叠加的铁矿床.     

小秦岭大湖金矿床的矿化分带规律及其指示意义

大湖金矿床位于小秦岭金矿田北矿带中段，最低见矿标高为-12m，为小秦岭之最。矿区石英脉型矿化和构造蚀变岩型矿化具有典型的分带规律，不同矿化阶段的垂向分带特征明显。对比小秦岭地区其他矿床的矿化特征和赋存的空间位置后发现，大湖金矿床的矿化分带规律存区域上具有普遍性意义，即由浅部到深部，矿化类型的变化趋势为Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ阶段→Ⅰ Ⅱ阶段→Ⅰ阶段→构造蚀变岩型矿化。金矿化的垂向分带规律对矿床的深部成矿预测具有重要的指导意义，据此指出了不同矿化亚带矿床深部可能出现的矿化类型。     

河南栗子沟金矿成矿流体演化

栗子沟金矿位于河南省熊耳山变质核杂岩中,矿区内已有矿化类型有Au、Ag、Pb(Ag),显示出矿区内有较大的找矿潜力.笔者以金矿床为研究对象,通过对流体包裹体的分析研究认为,在不同的矿化阶段包裹体类型及包裹体类型组合不同,成矿早期(Ⅰ),流体以高温、高盐度为特征,反映出其来源可能来自深部;在主成矿期(Ⅱ),流体裹包体则表现为均一温度的降低,盐度总体呈现为降低,但变化范围较大18.14%～0.59%,到了成矿晚期(Ⅲ),成矿流体进一步演化,温度降低,盐度减少.氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期阶段成矿流体的δD为-77.85‰～-70.43‰,应来源于岩浆热液或变质热液;第Ⅱ阶段和第Ⅲ阶段明显偏离岩浆水,向大气水方向飘移.     

玲南金矿的成矿特征及断裂控矿规律研究

在对玲南金矿床的成矿特征、控矿构造、矿化及蚀变产物综合分析的基础上,论述和总结了矿床地质特征、破头青断裂带特征及其对成矿的主导控制作用。认为矿化和蚀变产物的形成在时间上相近、空间上叠加;它们是同一成矿作用的两个有机组成部分,是矿床成矿演化历史的实物记载;成矿期断裂的多次活动及第Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段矿化的叠加发育,分别为玲南特大型蚀变岩型金矿成矿的必要条件和充分条件。     

湖北铁山“大冶式”铁矿床的某些成因问题

湖北铁山矿床是“大冶式”铁矿床的重要代表。解放后,黄懿和裴荣富等曾以勘探工作时所获成果为基础,论述了“大冶式”铁矿的特征,提出矽卡岩和热液成因的看法。六十年代注意了闪长岩钠长石化析出铁质,七十年代演变为接触交代论点;这一阶段还强调了三叠纪膏盐层促进闪长岩钠化而成矿的意义。     

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿流体包裹体成分、矿床成因和成矿预测

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿区发育含矿和无矿石英脉,无矿石英、含矿石英及主要载金矿物黄铁矿所含包裹体捕获的流体成分有明显差异,分别代表了成矿前、成矿早阶段和主成矿阶段的流体特征。早阶段成矿物质沉淀的主要机制为流体不混溶作用,形成含矿石英、含钠矿物和部分黄铁矿等;主成矿阶段则以流体浓缩及流体混合为主要机制,形成大量黄铁矿等载金矿物。萨瓦亚尔顿金矿的成矿流体成分特征与世界造山型的中温热液脉状金矿类似,尤其是与乌兹别克南天山造山带的穆龙套金矿类似,表明其为较典型的穆龙套式的造山型金矿床。Ⅺ、Ⅱ矿化带流体成分特征与矿化最好的Ⅳ带类似,勘探前景较好;相反,Ⅰ矿化带与Ⅳ带差异明显,不宜作为勘探重点。     

皖南花山锑金矿床硫化物电子探针分析及其指示意义

花山锑金矿床位于皖南东至县境内, 是皖南地区代表性金-多金属矿床之一。 本次工作对花山锑金矿床开展了野外地质、岩相学特征观察以及金属硫化物电子探针分析, 得到以下结论：1） 花山锑金矿床主要成矿阶段可分为毒砂-黄铁矿（PyⅠ）阶段、黄铜矿-黄铁矿 （PyⅡ）阶段和方解石-辉锑矿阶段。 2） 金在不同阶段硫化物中均有赋存, 其矿化伴随整个热液成矿过程, 且以毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段为主。 毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段发育金矿化, 无锑矿化, 方解石-辉锑矿阶段发育锑、金共生矿化。 3） 早阶段即毒砂 -PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段载金矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂及黄铜矿, 成矿物质来源以地层为 主;晚阶段即方解石-辉锑矿阶段载金矿物为辉锑矿, 成矿物质来源以燕山期岩浆岩为主。 本次工作对东至及皖南地区金矿床的寻找勘探具有重要的指示意义。     

延边地区小西南岔富金铜矿床的成矿机理:矿物流体包裹体和同位素的制约

小西南岔富金铜矿床是中国东部陆缘重要的热液矿床,由不同矿石品位和矿体特征的南山、北山两个矿段组成,矿化形式分别为脉状、细脉浸染状。流体包裹体研究表明:北山矿段均一温度为120~470℃,Ⅰ矿化阶段流体盐度为10.1%~20.0%NaCl eqv,Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿化阶段盐度变化大,为0.4%~45.5%NaCl eqv,流体气相成分为H_2O、CO_2、CH_4,少量N_2。南山矿段均一温度为150~450℃,Ⅰ成矿阶段盐度为4.0%~11.1%NaCl eqv,Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿化阶段盐度随着温度降低盐度逐渐减小,气相成分主要是H_2O、CO_2、CH_4;似斑状角闪花岗闪长岩石英内流体包裹体与南、北山矿段流体显示相近的均一温度范围(150~510℃)和气体成分,盐度4.9%~11.5%NaCl eqv与南山矿段Ⅰ成矿阶段流体相似。流体包裹体的显微测温、氢氧同位素,稀有气体同位素和Pb同位素结果表明南山矿段的成矿过程为幔源中低盐度流体在围岩裂隙中随着温度、压力降低以充填结晶作用为主而成矿;北山矿段成矿过程为幔源中低盐度流体发生沸腾作用后,与地壳流体混合,随后成矿流体以交代方式成矿,晚阶段两个矿区在大气水的混入作用下,北山矿段形成胶黄铁矿石英脉,南山矿段形成纯硫化物脉;似斑状角闪花岗闪长岩内流体包裹体特征反映了初始含矿流体属性,为中低盐度幔源岩浆热流体。     

新疆包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律初探

新疆西准噶尔包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化发育,蚀变矿化特征随岩体不同存在显著差异。文章通过岩石学、矿相学和微量元素地球化学的方法,重点研究了Ⅲ号和Ⅴ号岩体的矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律。结果表明：Ⅲ号岩体矿化中等,以黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主,呈浸染状,硫化物脉少见;Ⅴ号岩体内部及其与围岩接触带产出大型铜矿床,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和辉钼矿,呈浸染状和细脉-网脉状分布。Ⅲ号岩体角闪石英闪长岩形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,与石英（花岗）闪长岩对比显示,挥发分出溶过程中,Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U迁移进入挥发相,稀土元素稳定未迁移,Cu、Bi显著富集,Mo和Sb被流体迁移带走,形成热液矿化。Ⅴ号岩体钾化和硅化样品代表了不同的流体作用阶段,与未蚀变样品对比显示,在钾化阶段Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf性质稳定,轻稀土元素发生显著迁移,在硅化阶段轻稀土元素富集;重稀土元素在岩浆-热液演化过程保持稳定。Cu、Mo和Bi在钾化作用阶段富集成矿,Zn和Sb则主要在晚期石英脉中富集。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861