环境湍流影响烟云抬升的比较研究

对几种烟云抬升模式进行了比较,分析了中性层结下环境湍流的对烟云抬升的作用,认为环境流连续作用于烟云抬升的各个阶段,且随烟云抬升而变化。抬升高度与环境湍流有关,湍流强度越大,抬升越低。     

论环境湍流对烟气抬升的作用

考虑环境湍流对烟气抬升具有增强烟气夹卷和促进烟气与环境空气间动、热量交换的双重作用，导出了中性层结条件下热烟气浮升的轨迹方程，并且无需对抬升的截止作任何假设，导得了理论的终极抬升公式。经与国内外烟气抬升实测资料对比，发现这些结果与实况基本一致。     

环境湍流对烟云抬升的作用

本文研究了中性层结环境中湍流对烟云抬升的连续作用。取外部湍流卷挟率正比于湍流特征速度并叠加于自身卷挟率,分析表明,即使在抬升的早期,环境湍流对弯曲烟云的路径有不可忽视的影响,并使烟云路径加速变平。电厂烟云的实测资料表明,平均抬升路径实际上不完全符合无湍流环境的三分之二规律,而与本文理论结果更为接近。本研究也发现,最大抬升高度及其出现的下风距离都是大气湍流度的灵敏函数。据此,我们分析了几个常用抬升公式的局限性,并推荐了一种反映大气湍流度的改型公式。     

植冠层湍流的数值模拟

根据流体力学的基本原理，建立了能量单方程植冠层湍流模式。并用小麦和玉米两种作物的实例资料对模式进行了验证。     

考虑动量和浮力通量耗散的烟气抬升解析模式

环流湍流对烟流抬升有重要的作用。本文考虑了环境湍流引起的烟流的动量和浮力通量耗散，导出了烟流抬升的控制方程，给出了烟流的轨迹方程和中性条件下热浮力烟流的终极抬升高度。在烟囱附近，轨迹方程接近2/3次律；当下风距离增大时，与2/3次律有明显偏离并逐渐变平。与外场试验资料的比较表明，本模式能较好地模拟浮力烟流的轨迹和终极高度。     

植冠层结构对其湍流场影响的数值试验

根据湍流应力模式的模拟结果，讨论了植被冠层中湍流能量的平衡特征，并通过数值试验就冠层结构对流场结构的影响进行了分析。     

青藏高原的抬升和夷平过程对气候与环境的影响

系统地讨论了高原隆起的早第三纪至现代青藏高原的７次抬升过程对气候和环境的影响，应用气象学理论分析了当时气候形成的原因，主要结论；（１）高原隆起前的干热气候是由于隆起全球地势平坦，致使大气热机效率很低之效；（２）渐新世初高原的水平尺度达到斜压大气地转适应的临界尺度，大气环流从南北两极“两涡对峙”突变成地球三极的“三涡鼎立”气候发生突变；（３）分析了２．５Ｍａ时高原抬升到２０００ｍ这一重要临界高度后大     

深圳海岸复杂地形气流与湍流特征的数值模拟

利用三维非静力能量闭合（Ｅ－ε）的边界层模式，以深圳海岸复杂地形进行了实际模拟。结果给出了该地区海陆风情形下气流和湍流孤变化特征。在海风发展盛期，气流方向由大面积的水域和内陆的位置决定，不规则海岸线对局地气流影响不大，夜间陆风时，不规则海岸线对局地气流影响较大，湍流能量高值颁在陆地上空的不稳定层内，水面上湍能很小。模拟结果与实测结果上比较吻合。     

山地露天矿自然通风风流与湍流结构的数值模拟

利用建立的三维非力能量闭合的大气边界层数值模式，研究了中性层结条件下某露天矿自然通风的风流和湍流结构特征及影响因子。研究表明：坑内水平风场在坑底或采壁处受地形的影响很大，在矿采深与开口宽度比较小或者来流风速随高度的切变不大时，坑内气流为平直型，有利于通风；反之坑内则形成环流，且在环流范围内较大的湍能，不利于通风，易产生高浓度的污染物。本模式模拟的结果还与风洞模拟和高阶闭合模式模拟的结果作了检验比较     

城市湍流边界层内汽车尾气扩散规律数值模拟研究

以纳维斯托克斯方程组、大气平流扩散方程、湍流动能及湍流动能耗散率方程组为基础．采用伪不定常方法,建立了一个数值模式．利用该模式列城市湍流边界层内流场结构及汽车排放污染物扩散规律进行了研究。结果表明：街谷内会形成一个涡旋型流场．汽车排放污染物浓度在地面及建筑物背风面产生堆积,且其沿高度方向的梯度变化在背风面大．迎风而小。随着街谷两侧建筑物屋顶风速的增大,峡谷内形成的涡旋流场的强度增大,污染物扩散速率增大：当屋顶来流与街道之间的夹角逐渐增大时．涡旋中心位置由街道中心偏向于背风面及更高层且污染物扩散速度加快。     

ON THE EFFECT OF AMBIENT TURBULENCE ON THE BUOYANT PLUME RISE

Considering the effects of both entrainment and intensification of the exchanges of momentum and heat between plume and ambient air,we have derived the trajectory equation of buoyant plume under neutral conditions,and the final rise prediction formula theoretically without any hypotheses on the rise termination.Compared with the field experiments,the final rise formula simulates the observed final rise heights well.     

THE RISE MODEL OF BUOYANT PLUME LIMITED BY MECHANICAL TURBULENCE

This paper has investigated the rise of bent-over buoyant plume in neutral condition.By means of the combined-effect model proposed at earlier time,authors have deduced a formula of final rise limited by mechanical turbulence and therefore have concluded that the corresponding formula neglecting the accumulated effect of ambient turbulence is only its particular case.By analyzing the function relation of the various affecting factors with the plume rise in the existing equations,it is proved that the formula derived from the combined-effect model is the most reasonable and shows more conformity to the observations.     

A STUDY OF 1.5-ORDER CLOSURE TURBULENCE MODEL

Based on turbulence theory,a 1.5-order closure turbulence model is established.The model incorporating with theground surface energy budget equation is constructed by means of a vertical one-dimensional(1-D)40-levelgrid-mesh.The numerical results reveal the 24-h evolution of the clear planetary boundary layer comparing with theWangara boundary layer data of days 33—34.The model also takes into account some physical processes of radiativetransfer and baroclinicity,revealing some important characteristics observed in the boundary layer,especially for theevolution of the mixed layer and low-level jet.The calculated results are in good agreement with the observational data.On the other hand,we also run the high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer in the Mesoscale Model Ver-sion 4(MM4)with the same physical processes and initial conditions.The results show that the high-resolution modelcan not reveal those important characteristics as the 1.5-order closure model did.In general,it is shown that the 1.5-or-der closure turbulence model based on turbulence theory is better in rationality and reality.     

细网格非静力二维高阶闭合模式对山体流场特征的模拟分析

本文采用二阶矩湍流闭合方案，分别就非静力和准静力两种条件建立ＰＢＬ数值模式，并模拟了二维山脊流场的结构，计算了二维山体对气流平均场和湍流场的影响。计算结果表明，无论是平均场还是湍流场，采用准静力假设都会造成模拟结果的较大偏差，且对平均场的影响比对湍流场的影响更为显著。两种模式计算结果的差别还随地形坡度和背景风增大而增大。     

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS ON THE DYNAMICS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE(CAT)

Clear air turbulence(CAT),a meso-or microscale(subgrid scale)phenomenon occurring insynoptic scale flow field at high altitude,is very difficult to be observed by the conventional obser-vation network.Thus it is necessary to approach an index to predict CAT.But at first,the struc-ture characteristics of CAT should be preanalyzed.In this paper,based on the theoretical and diag-nostic analysis of a case,features for wind profile,energy budget and dynamic mechanism of thiscase were presented.Furthermore,an objective and quantitative index for CAT forecast was giv-en.The verification for its efficiency was done with both real-time observation data and productsfrom a numerical model.The results are very encouraging.