厦门某岩质高边坡工程治理经验浅析

结合厦门某岩质高边坡治理工程实例,通过极限平衡法和有限元法对边坡稳定性进行分析,初步探讨节理裂隙的发育程度对岩质边坡稳定性的影响以及锚固件和边坡岩体之间的相互作用机理,在此基础上进行边坡工程支护方案的设计,得出的结论对类似工程有参考价值。     

松动岩体边坡稳定性研究

黄河大柳树坝址两岸山体中广泛分布着断层、软弱岩层和松动架空的岩体,且该区地震强度高。本文采用数值模拟的方法,对松动岩体高边坡在天然条件下和地震动作用下的稳定性进行了分析研究。结果表明:在天然条件下,坡体基本稳定,但表层坡体存在岩体卸荷松动现象,沿断层有集中剪切现象;地震动作用下,因岩体强度软硬相间而进一步发生松动,导致边坡失稳。     

裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析方法

岩石边坡，尤其是裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析应考虑岩体中结构面的产状、性质和发育程度。对随机发育的岩体结构面，赤平极射投影是确定优势结构面及分析边坡潜在破坏模式的基础。以某电厂高100m以上岩石高边坡为例，介绍了采用赤平投影图解法及极限平衡法，进行岩体边坡稳定性分析的方法。     

岩石边坡稳定的可靠度分析

在岩石边坡稳定可靠度分析中,利用贝叶斯方法对断层带抗剪强度参数进行分析,充分利用滑动面以外的地质信息和现场实践经验,较好地解决了小样本实验数据问题。可靠度分析采用离散化降维解法,以原工程采用的边坡稳定设计分析方法为基础,编制了相应的ＲＳＳＡＰ程序,在该程序中直接调用原设计程序,确保工程结构的可靠度设计和评价与现行工程设计方法的和谐统一。     

The Feedback Analysis of Excavated Rock Slope

Summary In this paper a methodology of the feedback analysis on the mechanical parameters and stability of the slope excavated in rock masses is presented. The method is based on the combination of the elasto-viscoplastic finite element method and the complex shape minimum method. Special attention has been paid to the simulation of the variation of parameters because of the blasting damage and the stress relief relaxation, and the de-coupling of parameters as well. The slope excavated in the granite rock masses situated at the ship lock of the Three Gorges Project is studied, from which the mechanical parameters of the rock masses and the deformation, as well as the stability of the rock slope are forecasted in time as the going on of the slope excavation.     

Efficient Probabilistic Algorithm Illustrated for a Rock Slope

Summary  A new spreadsheet-based algorithm for the first-order reliability method (FORM) is illustrated for a two-dimensional rock slope of Hong Kong. The new algorithm combines inverse distribution functions and a refined Newton method with the automatic constrained-optimization search of the design point in the original space of the random variables; it obviates the need for computations of equivalent normal means and equivalent normal standard deviations. In the rock slope analysis, the versatile 4-parameter beta distribution is used in lieu of a truncated normal distribution. Probabilities of failure inferred from reliability indices are compared with those from Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of parametric correlations on the required reinforcing force for a target reliability index value are studied. The intuitive perspective of an expanding equivalent dispersion ellipsoid in the original space of the basic random variables is also described as it is the basis from which the new approach evolved. Author’s address: Dr. Bak Kong Low, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1 #1b-40, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore     

Seismic Stability Analysis of a Himalayan Rock Slope

The seismic slope stability analysis of the right abutment of a railway bridge proposed at about 350 m above the ground level, crossing a river and connecting two huge hillocks in the Himalayas, India, is presented in this paper. The rock slopes are composed of highly jointed rock mass and the joint spacing and orientation are varying at different locations. Seismic slope stability analysis of the slope under consideration is carried out using both pseudo-static approach and time response approach as the site is located in seismic zone V as per the earth quake zonation maps of India. Stability of the slope is studied numerically using program FLAC. The results obtained from the pseudo-static analysis are presented in the form of Factor of Safety (FOS) and the results obtained from the time response analysis of the slope are presented in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements along the slope. The results obtained from both the analyses confirmed the global stability of the slope as the FOS in case of pseudo-static analysis is above 1.0 and the displacements observed in case of time response analysis are within the permissible limits. This paper also presents the results obtained from the parametric analysis performed in the case of time response analysis in order to understand the effect of individual parameters on the overall stability of the slope.     

静水压力对岩体边坡稳定性的影响分析

静水压力对岩体边坡抗滑移稳定性的影响无处不在,在河道和水库两岸常会发现因河道或水库水位的交替消长而发生岸边岩体的滑移与坍塌,通过长期的观察和总结,发现这种情况的发生与岩体边坡外邻水水位的消长以及岩体节理裂缝内水位的变化密切相关。本文通过对水位在不同变化情况下边坡稳定性的定量分析,结合不同实际场景,讨论了边坡外邻水和节理裂缝内充水这两种情况对岩体边坡稳定性影响大小的对比,得出了以下结论:岩体边坡外邻水水位的上涨会增大岩体边坡的抗滑移稳定性;而岩体节理裂缝内水位的上涨会减小岩体边坡的抗滑移稳定性,并定量对比了二者之间的大小关系。     

从影响因素相互作用关系分析岩石边坡的稳定性

从区域上影响岩石边坡稳定性的地质和工程两方面因素相互作用出发建立关系矩阵,进一步得到它们各自权重,并求得岩体不稳定性指数（ＲＭＩＩ）;通过观察实际变形边坡影响料大的地质因素是同现及其作用程度计算出可预报性估值（ＰＲ）。结合实验对两者结果进行了比较。     

高陡岩石边坡软体护坡技术设计及施工实践

为了消除济南市燕翅山北侧采矿遗留的高陡岩石边坡的地质灾害隐患,恢复自然植被,通过施工砼基座、施工砼格构梁、砌筑软体生态袋和挂网喷播等多种技术方法进行了综合治理,消除了滑坡和崩塌等地质灾害隐患,整个坡面植被覆盖率超过99%,消除了视觉污染,恢复了当地生态环境,该工程成功的设计及施工实践对类似高陡岩石边坡有很好的指导和借鉴作用。     

基于块体理论的多结构面控制下岩质边坡关键块体研究

岩质边坡具有不连续性、多变性及各向异性的特点,其稳定性很大程度上受边坡内部发育的多结构面的影响,表现为块体的不稳定性,因此,寻求对边坡稳定性造成不良影响的关键可动块体是一项重要课题。通过块体理论全空间赤平投影与矢量计算的方法,捕获关键块体,并通过矢量计算确定块体的运动方式,计算其稳定系数,证明了全空间赤平投影在确定可动块体上的简便性,其直观的图示能避免矢量法较为繁琐的计算步骤,而在可动块体运动形式的判别上,两者必须相辅相成。通过应用块体理论确定的关键块体相较于传统方法应用于岩坡稳定性分析时强调的“整体性”而更加侧重于边坡内部块体的“个体性”与“精准性”,突破了岩质边坡稳定性分析的模糊性问题,也使边坡防治更精准更具针对性。     

含软弱岩层反倾岩质边坡地震动力响应与破坏模式

以鲁甸地震诱发的红石岩崩塌滑坡为研究对象,通过大型振动台模型试验和3DEC数值模拟,研究了含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡的动力响应和破坏失稳模式.研究结果表明:水平加载下,随频率增大PGA放大系数先减小后增大,在接近坡体自振频率8Hz的波形加载下,坡体动力响应最为剧烈,软弱岩层对不同频率的横波具有放大和吸收作用,对5~10Hz的横波放大效应明显,对15~20Hz的横波则明显吸收;竖向加载下,随加载正弦波频率的增加,PGA放大系数先增大,25Hz时PGA放大系数减小,随后又继续增大,在频率为30Hz时PGA放大系数达到最大,在5~30Hz范围内软弱岩层对纵波均具有一定的放大效果;双向加载下,坡体水平和竖向PGA放大系数分布与单向加载一致,但双向加载下坡体部分位置动力响应加剧,部分位置动力响应则受到抑制.含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡破坏过程可以分为6个阶段:坡体内部轻微损伤-软岩挤出、软硬岩交界上方硬岩拉裂-硬岩裂纹向上延展-软弱岩层挤压滑动-层面和纵向节理贯通形成滑面-边坡破坏.在软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡中,软弱岩层具有对地震波的放大吸收、折射反射作用,影响着边坡的动力响应特征,软弱岩层的挤出破坏导致上部岩体岩结构面松动开裂,是该类岩质边坡破坏发展的主要原因,对该类边坡需应注意对软弱岩层进行加固防护,减小边坡的动力破坏.      

隧道洞口施工对陡倾岩质边坡变形影响的分析

陡倾岩质边坡由于受工程地质条件、水文地质条件及施工扰动的影响,在隧道洞口施工过程中极易产生滑坡。综合武罐高速公路马桑坝隧道洞口滑坡的形成特点及工程地质条件,采用有限差分软件FLAC^3D对该隧道洞口的开挖与爆破施工、边坡失稳及加固过程进行了数值模拟和分析,并提出了提出针对性治理方案,得到较好效果。     

岩土工程项目施工成本控制管理

前言 随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深化,城市用地紧、地价高,建筑产品被迫向两端发展,即地下加深地上增高,岩土工程市场相应增大,在这样的情况下,吸引了相近相关行业、个体业充实到该市场,导致供大于求的局面;同时,由于投资主体的多元化及招投标制度的推行,竞争     

矿山高陡岩质边坡治理应用研究

以栾川县煤窑沟石煤矿矿山地质环境恢复治理项目为例,采用锚网喷护加钻孔竹筒置土工程及滴灌技术等措施进行综合治理,一方面可以避免岩质高陡边坡传统的"大开挖"方式引发边坡地质灾害,便于后续分台阶绿化同时不对治理区山体造成更大程度的破坏,减少了工程施工中产生的大量弃方;另一方面,采用钻孔竹筒置土和滴灌技术,改善了高陡岩质边坡治...     

反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏力学模型

在地质调查基础上,将反倾边坡的各岩块概化为受自重弯矩及外力作用的悬臂梁,利用弯曲-拉裂模型研究其破坏模式。通过力学分析,建立了反倾层状岩质边坡各条块的力学模型。基于最大拉应力理论,给出条块倾倒失稳判据,以此判定边坡的稳定性,并定量分析了反倾边坡倾倒破坏的影响因素。结果表明:反倾边坡倾倒破坏发生在每个条块的上边界处,条块所受拉应力大小与其容重呈线性关系,与高度呈二次幂函数关系,与其宽度呈-1次幂函数关系,即板梁容重越大、高度越大、宽度越小,其倾倒破坏越明显。而当条块底面倾角满足一定条件时,才会发生倾倒破坏,其范围边界值与条块的高度和宽度有关。     

Probabilistic Stability Evaluation of Oppstadhornet Rock Slope,Norway

Probabilistic analyses provide rational means to treat the uncertainties associated with underlying parameters in a systematic manner. The stability of a 734-m-high jointed rock slope in the west of Norway, the Oppstadhornet rock slope, is investigated by using a probabilistic method. The first-order reliability method (FORM) is used for probabilistic modeling of the plane failure problem in the rock slope. The Barton–Bandis (BB) shear strength criterion is used for the limit state equation. The statistical distributions of the BB criterion parameters, for which comprehensive data were collected and statistically analyzed, are determined by using distribution fitting algorithms. The sensitivity of the FORM model for the BB criterion is also investigated. It is found that the model is most sensitive to the mean value of the residual friction angle (ϕ _r) and least sensitive to the mean value of the slope angle (β _f). It is also found that the standard deviation of joint compressive strength (JCS) causes the greatest difference in the reliability index, which has the least sensitivity to the change in the mean and standard deviation of joint roughness coefficient (JRC).     

宁波北仑蓝天船厂岩质边坡稳定性分析

宁波北仑蓝天船厂的岩质边坡均为人工爆破山体后形成的,由于爆破后的岩质边坡没有经过人工处理,所以边坡具有倾角大、风化强、节理发育等特点,已经影响到厂区的安全生产,必须对岩质边坡进行稳定性分析。通过野外现场测绘,运用极射赤平投影法对边坡岩体结构面进行稳定性分析,并在此基础上给出岩质边坡的总体评价和处理意见。     

岩坡平面滑移分析的零力分块方法

采用常规的刚体极限平衡方法对岩坡稳定性进行评价的主要缺点之一,就是对整体评价的结论掩盖了岩体内部潜在危险区和相对稳定区的差别。文中首先研究了分块的稳定性,对剩余下滑力ei=0的单元分块给予特别注意,并称之为零力单元（分块）。对零力单元的几何特征及其实际意义进行了阐述和讨论,并指出凡对跨越零力单元的大分块或整体评价为稳定的边坡岩体,应特别注意岩体内潜在不稳定区。文中进一步研究了作者称之为零力边界B0的问题。若岩体内存在零力单元（分块）,当整体安全系数大于1（意味着岩体是稳定的）时,将存在一个零力右边界,其左侧（边坡临空一侧）岩体分块具潜在不稳定性;当整体安全系数小于1（意味着岩体是不稳定的）时,将存在一个零力左边界,其右侧岩体分块,在一定条件下是相对稳定的。在上述指导思想下,最后作者具体研究了陡坡极限高度的预测问题。