用随机模拟方法研究设定地震的地面运动参数

本文从强地面运动随机模拟方法应用出发,提出了一种用中小地震的数字观测资料确定研究区路径、场地参数的方法。采用该方法,分离软基岩场地联合效应和非弹性衰减的影响,并把二者分别确定出来。这些参数可以直接用于研究区软基岩场地的地面运动随机模拟。     

厚盖层场地的联合效应和强地面运动随机模拟

对于既缺少深钻孔资料,又缺少数字地震记录资料的厚盖层场地,其场地放大和衰减联合效应(简称“场地联合效应”)用常规方法估计困难。本文依据强地面运动随机模拟方法的预测方程,用近场中小地震的加速度记录,估计新疆伽师厚盖层场地的放大因子和高频滤波因子之积——场地联合效应,非线性矫正结果显示,场地的联合效应因子在O．5—10Hz大于2,在1—4Hz达到4。依此联合效应因子对研究区的强地面运动进行了随机模拟,预测结果与实际记录吻合较好。     

基于随机有限断层方法的唐山地震强地面运动模拟

基于动力学拐角频率的随机有限断层模型,以1976年唐山大地震的极震区为研究目标,通过梳理前人的研究成果,建立了目标区的计算模型并确定了震源模型参数,依靠目标区的局部场地资料和场地动力学参数,利用四分之一波长法,获取局部场地放大效应参数;利用随机有限断层模型地震动模拟方法,给出了唐山大地震近场强地震动场模拟结果,并与历史地震宏观烈度进行对比,结果表明:在Ⅷ、Ⅸ度影响烈度的范围与宏观资料吻合较好。     

地震地面运动的转动随机模型

In this paper, the characteristics of rotational power spectra in different sites are analyzed according to the relationship between the rotations and translations of ground motion from the elastic wave theory, and then the unified mathematical model of the spectra (including the torsion and rocking) is presented. Through the use of a lot of earthquake records and curve-fitting of the least square method, the statistical results of rotational power spectral parameters in defferent sites are given.     

设定地震确定方法研究

正概率地震危险性分析方法目前广泛应用于工程结构设计地震动参数确定工作中,其优点在于能够全面地表现场点周边所有可能的地震对于场点的地震动影响。但同时也带来一个明显的缺点,即地震概念的缺失,简单说就是没有一个地震能够产生概率地震危险性分析方法得到的反应谱。这导致一些需要考虑与地震相关地震动特性的工作难以开展。因此,需要在概率地震危险性分析方法的理论框架下和具体的地震构造环境中,识别出能够体现区域地震     

设定地震的分类及其确定方法

讨论了震害预测中的设定地震,将其分为检验型设定地震、预测型设定地震和重现型设定地震,并论述了３种设定地震的确定原则和方法．作者还进一步论述了３种设定地震在不同震害预测方法中的应用     

延怀盆地官厅水库大坝设定地震的地震动模拟

国内外相关研究表明,三维有限差分方法模拟地震动具有较高的准确性和可行性.结合相关理论与方法,利用延怀盆地地壳波速和密度模型,对延怀盆地官厅水库大坝设定地震的地震动进行了模拟.结果表明,模拟结果与用经验公式法所得结果吻合较好,得到的地震动速度时间序列、峰值速度等参数对大坝的结构抗震分析具有一定价值.     

基于数值模拟的设定地震场地谱时程拟合方法

本文将确定性数值模拟方法与地震动预测方程相结合,提出了一种重大水电工程场址设定地震的地震动时程生成方法。该方法基于场址设定地震,首先采用地震动预测方程确定场址的场地相关反应谱;其次建立包含震源和场址的场地模型,通过确定性数值模拟方法生成场址地震动时程;最后对生成的场址地震动时程进行调整,使其反应谱与设计谱相一致,用于工程抗震分析。这一方法生成的地震动时程既考虑了震源机制、传播路径以及局部场地效应等物理背景,又与场地相关的设计地震反应谱保持一致,为重大工程抗震分析与评价提供了一种新的思路。     

地震动加速度过程的小波模拟

本文应用基数B－样条小波模拟地震动加速度过程，将小波分析引入地震动加速度过程的研究，实现了地震动加速度的模拟，并可给出其解析表达式，便于设计地震动的调整及地震反应的求解。     

中强地震活动区地震动衰减关系的确定

地震动衰减关系是影响地震安全性评价特别是地震区划结果的重要因素.我国现行的地震动衰减关系主要是依据6级以上地震的地面运动资料得到的,并没有考虑中强地震的衰减特性.为此,文中利用现有的烈度资料和其他可供参考的研究成果来建立我国中强地震活动区的地震动衰减关系.收集了我国华中、华南、东北等地区的51次地震的烈度等震线资料,运用单随机变量加权最小二乘回归法得到中强地震活动区烈度衰减关系.然后以美国西部地区为参考地区,运用缺乏地震动参数的地震动估计方法-地震对映射法得到中强地震活动区峰值加速度和有效峰值加速度衰减关系.最后,通过与我国强地震区和中强地震区已有的烈度衰减关系和地震动衰减关系的对比,验证了得出的我国中强地震活动区烈度衰减关系和地震动衰减关系的合理性.     

地震动等值线生成方法研究

目前借助分布广泛的地震监测台网,在震后几分钟内获知地震的位置及震级已不再成为问题。受到经济条件以及地理条件等因素的制约,我国的地震监测台网数量还很少,其分布也不够广泛,尤其是实时数据传输的强震动观测台网的规模与密度还十分有限。因此在一次地震发生后,获得的地震数据记录有限。利用这些有限的记录,提出了几种不同情况下的地震动等值线生成方法,通过统计分析、插值等数学方法快速确定地震发生后该地区范围内地震动影响范围及其衰减规律,即确定地震后现场的加速度分布区域,其结果将对地震应急反应具有重要的指导意义。     

Ground motion modelling in Tehran based on the stochastic method

This paper presents the development of a seismological model for the Tehran area. This modelling approach, which was originally developed in Eastern North America, has been used successfully in other parts of the world including Australia and China for simulating accelerograms and elastic response spectra. Parameters required for input into the model were inferred from seismological and geological information obtained locally. The attenuation properties of the earth crust were derived from the analysis of accelerogram records that had been collated from within the region in a previous study. In modelling local modifications of seismic waves in the upper crust, shear-wave velocity profiles have been constructed in accordance with the power law. Information inferred from micro-zonation studies (for near-surface conditions) and from measurements of teleseismic P-waves reflected from the deeper crusts as reported in the literature has been used to constrain parameters in the power-law relationships. This method of obtaining amplification factors for the upper crust distinguishes this study from earlier studies in the Tehran area (in which site amplification factors were inferred from the H/V ratio of the recorded ground motions). The regional specific seismological model so constructed from the study enabled accelerograms to be simulated and elastic response spectra calculated for a series of magnitude–distance combinations. Importantly, elastic response spectra calculated from the simulated accelerograms have been compared with those calculated from accelerograms recorded from earthquakes with magnitudes ranging between M6.3 and M7.4. The peak ground velocity values calculated from the simulated accelerograms have also been correlated with values inferred from macro-seismic intensity data of 17 historical earthquakes with magnitudes varying between 5.4 and 7.7 and with distances varying between 40 and 230 km. This paper forms part of the long-term strategy of the authors of applying modern techniques for modelling the attenuation behaviour of earthquakes in countries which are lacking in instrumental data of earthquakes.     

Calibration of stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulations for the 1997 Umbria-Marche, Central Italy, earthquake sequence

The recent 1997 Umbria-Marche, Central Italy, earthquake sequence allowed us to model recorded ground motions using a method developed by Beresnev and Atkinson [Bull Seism Soc Am 87 (1997) 67–84; Seism Res Lett, 69 (1998) 27–32; Bull Seism Soc Am 88 (1998) 1392–1401]. The method generalizes the stochastic ground-motion simulation technique, developed for point sources, to the case of finite faults. It subdivides the fault plane into subfaults and assumes each subfault to be a point source with a ω² spectrum. Geometric spreading and regional anelastic attenuation are included in the model. The data include horizontal acceleration recordings from the SSN and ENEL databases of the 1997 Umbria-Marche events on 26 September, at 00:33 GMT, with M_w=5.7, and at 09:40 GMT, with M_w=6.0; and on 14 October at 15:23 GMT, with M_w=5.6. The strong motion simulations are performed using model parameters based on the results of previous studies, and adjusting the subfault size to calibrate the simulation model against recorded ground motions. Local site response is considered to account for observed amplification effects at specific recording sites (e.g. Nocera Umbra). A good agreement is found between the simulated response spectra and the recorded data, concluding that this method reproduces the salient ground-motion characteristics at different distances and azimuths.     

地震动参数理论预测公式在工程地震中的应用

将地震动参数理论预测公式拟合为工程地震工作中常用的地震动衰减关系形式,并将地震动参数(PGA,PGV)理论衰减关系与美国西部以及用转换方法得到的中国东部地震动衰减关系、唐山和海城地震余震的记录进行了对比。结果表明,地震动参数理论预测公式应用到工程地震工作中是可行的,而且也是需要的     

多点地震动合成简化方法研究

本文在前人研究的基础上给出了一种合成考虑空间相关性多点地震动时程的方法,该方法通过对互功率谱密度矩阵简化,只需要对迟滞相干函数矩阵分解,不需要对互功率谱矩阵进行Cholesky分解,避免了算数矩阵运算,提高了合成的效率。用该方法编制了相应的程序,给出了合成的算例。     

Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark's method and stochastic ground motion simulation

Researchers and practitioners in earthquake engineering have recognized geographic information systems (GIS) to be a significant tool in modeling spatial phenomenon related to hazard and risk. GIS, as an engineering tool, has been primarily used for its spatial data storing and presentation features. Models are often simplified to be more compatible with the light computational capabilities of many GIS. If not simplified, heavy computations are generally performed external to the GIS. A prototype vector-based GIS was developed that employs a rigorous approach to Newmark's displacement method for assessing earthquake triggered landslide hazards. The rigorous Newmark's analysis provides desirable flexibility by allowing input of actual ground motions. The prototype hazard GIS incorporates a popular shot filtered noise technique for generating artificial ground motions. The rigorous approach was compared to a popular simplified approach for computing Newmark displacements. Distribution of regional displacements was found to be similar with the simplified approach giving more and larger extreme displacements. The rigorous approach is suitable for large scales to model various seismic scenarios and their effect on seismically induced landslide potential.     

Functional series TARMA modelling and simulation of earthquake ground motion

The non‐stationary Functional Series time‐dependent autoregressive moving average (TARMA) modelling and simulation of earthquake ground motion is considered. Full Functional Series TARMA models, capable of modelling both resonances and antiresonances, are examined for the first time via a novel mixed parametric/non‐parametric estimation scheme, and critical comparisons with pure TAR and recursive ARMA (RARMA)‐recursive maximum likelihood (RML) adaptive filtering type modelling are made. The study is based upon two California ground motion signals: a 1979 El Centro accelerogram and a 1994 Pacoima Dam accelerogram. A systematic analysis, employing various functional subspaces and model orders, leads to two Haar function based models: a TARMA(2,4)₈ model for the El Centro case and a TARMA(6,2)₁₀ model for the Pacoima Dam case. Both models are formally validated and their simulation (synthesis) capabilities are demonstrated via Monte Carlo experiments focusing on important time domain signal characteristics. The Functional Series TAR/TARMA models are shown to achieve parsimony, as well as superior accuracy and simulation capabilities, over their RARMA counterparts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.