磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析三峡仙女山断裂带构造活动性

用磷灰石的裂变径年龄及径变宅度变化规律,证实仙女山断裂带发生断裂的时期为距今０．７Ｍａ在若;从讨论的各种绝对年龄结果分析,均未见到全新世以来有明显的活动迹象,以此确定仙女山断裂的活动性对三峡枢纽工程并不构成威胁。     

长江三峡坝区断层泥的裂变径迹法年龄

仙女山断裂带和九湾溪断裂带是位距三峡工程坝址最近的两条主断裂。本文对断裂带中断层泥、断裂壁岩和断裂带围岩内选出的磷灰石进行了裂变径迹断代学的研究,并对径迹长度的频率分布进行统计测量。研究证实,仙女山断裂带与九湾溪断裂带发生的时期分别为0.60±0.05MaB.P.和0.29±0.04MaB.P.,与它周边的围岩经受的主要构造-热事件年龄(22.30±1.8Ma)截然不同。与其它方法年龄测定结果对比分析,均未见到全新世以来有明显的活动迹象,以此确认三斗坪坝址属稳定地壳区。     

三峡九湾溪断裂带断层泥的特征及分段研究

在分析研究前人资料的基础上,结合野外实际工作和室内研究,从三峡九湾溪断裂带内各段断层泥的特征研究分析出发,探讨了九湾溪断裂带的分段性,结果发现:九湾溪断裂带存在明显的分段性,中段和南段地震活动频度和强度大,应变强度高,断层活动以粘滑为主,其分维值在2.2～2.6之间,石英碎砾表面发育各种撞击揳入现象、线状擦痕等显微构造;北段地震活动频度和强度较小,应变强度弱,断层活动以稳滑为主,兼具粘滑,其分维值在2.4～2.8之间,石英颗粒多为磨圆球砾,其刻蚀形貌以裂而不破现象为代表;中段是九湾溪断裂带最有可能发生诱发地震的地段和我们的重点监测地段。     

嘉黎断裂带两侧晚新生代差异隆升的磷灰石裂变径迹纪录

对嘉黎断裂带两侧的磷灰石裂变径迹年代学测试表明,断裂带北侧的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄在5.6~11.7Ma之间,属中新世晚期;断裂带南侧的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄明显较小,6个样品中有5个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄在4.0~5.9Ma之间,属上新世早期.嘉黎断裂带北侧5.6~11.7Ma期间的隆升速率为0.07~0.09mm/a.5.8Ma以来平均剥露速率为0.50mm/a,平均隆升速率1.33mm/a.断裂带南侧4.7Ma以来平均剥露速率为0.62mm/a,平均隆升速率1.68mm/a.两侧样品都反映上新世以来有较强烈的隆升作用,并且南侧比北侧隆升作用更强烈.     

裂变径迹法原理及其在盆地分析中的应用

裂变径迹法对于研究盆地热史有着不可替代的作用,它可以通过对于年龄和温度的确定,将地热的发展史揭露出来。从裂变径迹的发展历史入手,分析裂变径迹的成因和退火产生的影响。由于裂变径迹具有温度和长度双重特征,就可以对于盆地热史或盆地边缘山体隆升情况进行具体恢复。因此通过具体实例,说明裂变径迹法在盆地热史分析以及如何研究盆地热发展史和成矿、断裂的作用。概述了磷灰石裂变径迹的加强机制研究,建立标准,多方法结合,自动化技术发展趋势。     

利用磷灰石裂变径迹计算隆升速率的一些问题

主要讨论了利用磷灰石理解变径迹年龄－－地形高差法计算隆升速率存在的一些问题，介绍了近年来国外在磷灰石裂变径迹退火方面取得的新进展及其在研究隆升速率问题上的应用，并分析了利用磷灰石裂变径迹研究隆升速率应当注意的问题，强调了加强径迹长度分析的研究。     

郯庐断裂带对鲁西隆升过程的影响:磷灰石裂变径迹证据

郯庐断裂带(TLFZ)是一条贯穿华北的NNE向巨型断裂带。新生代以来,在郯庐断裂带的两侧及其内部发生了显著的伸展构造变形,形成了泰安-莱芜-蒙阴NW向断陷盆地群,并使鲁西块体发生了急剧的陆内伸展隆升。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别在鲁西沂山、徂徕山和蒙山三处进行了大量的样品采集,总计完成了25个样品的测试,获得了一系列新的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)年代学结果。结合前人已发表的裂变径迹结果,对鲁西地区新生代与伸展变形有关的剥露-隆升作用的时空分布特征、隆升剥露模式及隆升幅度进行分析,并揭示郯庐断裂带在鲁西新生代热隆升过程中的影响。主要认识有:1)新生代以来,鲁西主要经历了始新世-早渐新世和新近纪以来两期快速剥露-隆升阶段。2)始新世-早渐新世主要表现为幕式差异性快速剥露-隆升,鲁西南受NW向断层控制形成向北、向东的掀斜抬升作用,鲁西北受NE向断裂控制,形成向北、向西的掀斜抬升作用。新近纪以来,进入相对低速区域性剥露-隆升阶段。3)AFT模拟显示,与始新世-早渐新世的幕式快速剥露-隆升相比,中新世以来,鲁西剥露-隆升速率相对减小,但剥蚀量剥露-抬升量较大。故鲁西整体抬升于中新世以来。4)结合前人研究成果,新生代以来,鲁西宏观上受郯庐断裂带伸展活动影响,越靠近郯庐断裂带剥蚀量越大,局部受NW或NE向断裂控制。     

磷灰石裂变径迹年龄“拐点”的地质意义

磷灰石裂变径迹年代学已经被广泛地应用于山体隆升、限定潜在物源区、沉积盆地后期的抬升时间等方面的研究。通常情况下,无论是基岩隆升,还是碎屑沉积地层的后期抬升,磷灰石裂变径迹年龄出现的“拐点”都具有重要的地质意义。本文从磷灰石裂变径迹的年龄形成机制、径迹封闭温度、径迹退火基本概念入手,总结了碎屑和基岩磷灰石裂变径迹年龄出现的拐点的基本意义,并针对每个具体的应用给出了研究实例。在碎屑磷灰石中,未发生强烈退火的径迹年龄形成的两阶段和单阶段移动峰,可限定物源变化的时间以及约束潜在物源区。完全退火后,新形成的径迹年龄拐点,可限定地层的变形时间。岩体经历快速隆升,在一定高程范围内的径迹年龄彼此接近,与部分退火带相接的部位会出现拐点。

     

Exhumation rates and age of metamorphism in the Sanbagawa belt: new constraints from zircon fission track analysis

Zircon fission track dating and track length analysis in the high‐grade part of the Asemigawa region of the Sanbagawa belt demonstrates a simple cooling history passing through the partial annealing zone at 63.2 ± 5.8 (2 σ) Ma. Combining this age with previous results of phengite and amphibole K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating gives a cooling rate of between 6 and 13 °C Myr^?1, which can be converted to a maximum exhumation rate of 0.7 mm year^?1 using the known shape of the P–T path. This is an order of magnitude lower than the early part of the exhumation history. In contrast, zircon fission track analyses in the low‐grade Oboke region show that this area has undergone a complex thermal history probably related to post‐orogenic secondary reheating younger than c. 30 Ma. This event may correlate with the widespread igneous activity in south‐west Japan around 15 Ma. The age of subduction‐related metamorphism in the Oboke area is probably considerably older than the generally accepted range of 77–70 Ma.     

Age and Thermal History of the East Ore Section,Bayan,Obo Deposit—A Fission Track Study

Considerable attention has been paid in recent years to the study of geothermal history by using spontaneous fission tracks of 238U recorded in minerals.Apatite and zircon were used for fission track study in this paper because apatitie has been widely used as a natural geothermometer(Wang Shicheng et al., 1994) to reveal the thermal evolution of sedimentary rocks based on its low annealing temperature of fission tracks and zircon is characterized by a closing temperature above 700℃,The samples were collected from ferruginous,siliceous slate wall rock at the upper levels of the orebody and Nb-REE-Fe ores from deep tunnels.The age and thermal evolution of the orebody were discussed in terms of fission track characters and their length variations observed in the coexisting apatite and zircon in the same specimen.     

Statistical treatment of experimental errors in the fission track dating method

The major stochastic elements in the fission track dating method are (i) the number of spontaneous fission tracks (N _s ) in a sample, and (ii) the number of induced tracks (N _i ) observed when the sample is irradiated with neutrons. The foundations for the statistical uncertainty in these measures are of two kinds: (i) there exists a definite probability of uranium fission by means of natural decay and by neutron activation, and (ii) within a crystal the distribution of uranium is not uniform and perhaps follows something like a Poisson law. In any event, the natural logarithm of the ratio (N _s /N _i ) is proportional to age. A plausible statistical fission track dating model should, therefore, start by considering the joint distribution of N _s and N _i . In this paper a joint bivariate normal model is described which allows the rigorous definition of the probability distributions of N_s, N _i , the ratio N _s /N _i , and age itself. A general computer program (FISSION) has been developed to perform all the necessary computations. By accounting for the correlation between N _s and N _i , the statistical model here ascribes smaller standard errors to N _s /N _i (and therefore age) than do previous methods. In addition, the error associated with neutron flux is a significant factor in the age relationships and has been incorporated into the model.     

西秦岭阳山金矿带成矿热年代学:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究

阳山金矿带因其独特的构造位置、超大型金资源量以及成矿后区域发生大规模隆升剥蚀事件,成为矿床学领域研究热年代学的理想选区。本文针对金矿带成矿后热历史演化开展锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得如下成果：（1）锆石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(287.0±21)～(101±3) Ma(1σ),且不同岩性的年龄值各有特征,砂板岩锆石裂变径迹年龄值跨度最大(287～107 Ma),千枚岩锆石裂变径迹值分布范围为177～101 Ma,斜长花岗斑岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄值为193～185 Ma;（2）磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(69±7)～(46±14) Ma(1σ),径迹长度及其分布特征显示金矿带在晚白垩世—古新世的地层冷却表现为单调且缓慢地通过磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度。根据金矿带热历史演化分析,结合研究区古地温梯度、成矿深度数据,得出泥山矿段先于葛条湾矿段剥蚀,阳山金矿带自白垩纪以来地层总剥蚀厚度约为12.24 km,矿体剥蚀厚度上限约为880 m,推测阳山金矿带北部地层剥蚀少的矿段有较大的找矿潜力。     

相山铀矿田成矿后隆升剥露的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

相山铀矿田现今的地貌以典型的低山侵蚀区为特征,侵蚀区的分布规律清楚地表明相山矿田目前仍处于地表侵蚀阶段。7个碎斑熔岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为（78.7±7.1）～（34.5±4.1）Ma,高程加权平均年龄61.1Ma,碎斑熔岩在140.3～61.1Ma间,冷却速率7.6℃/Ma;从61.1Ma至现代,冷却速率为1.2℃/Ma,隆升速率为54m/Ma,即新生代以来相山矿田剥蚀了的厚度约3.3km。     

磷灰石裂变径迹退火影响因素研究进展

磷灰石裂变径迹退火是一个繁杂的化学动力学过程,清楚地了解其退火的影响因素对于该技术的应用十分重要。文章概述了磷灰石裂变径迹退火动力学模型的发展史,并结合以往对其退火影响因素的研究,将磷灰石裂变径迹退火影响因素分为自身和外部环境两方面：自身影响因素包括化学成分、晶体结构、径迹长度与半径、径迹与结晶轴的方位关系,其中化学成分对退火起到主导作用;外部环境影响中,温度是主导因素,压力和蚀刻条件的改变也会影响退火。研究成果有利于完善磷灰石裂变径迹的实验室退火模型,提高其作为热历史记录器的精度。     

吐鲁番坳陷北部山前带地质热历史——磷灰石裂变径迹法研究实例

笔者应用磷灰石裂变径迹法对吐鲁番坳陷北部山前带的地质热历史进行了综合研究。重点对恰1井、照2井、大步1井的裂变径迹测试结果进行研究,得出北部山前带总体上磷灰石裂变径迹表观年龄随温度增高而逐渐减小,北部山前带的地温梯度古高今低和东高西低的认识。研究结果表明,三叠纪、侏罗纪的烃源岩在侏罗纪开始成熟,两套烃源岩均在侏罗纪末期达生烃高峰,从而得出北部山前带可成为油气勘探可选区的结论。     

青藏高原隆升过程的磷灰石裂变径迹分析方法

由于青藏高原新生代以来地表高程持续强烈抬升,在利用磷灰石FT年龄进行高原绝对隆升速率计算时应引入古地表高程参数,而通常使用的“径迹年龄-地形高差法”却没有考虑到不同时期的古地表高程问题。为此,笔者试提出高原隆升速率计算的“径迹年龄-海拔高程法”,即以同一参考质点(样品点)在不同时期的海拔高程差作为绝对抬升量,以绝对抬升量除以时间得出隆升速率。本文讨论了改进后方法与传统方法计算结果的差异及合理性。鉴于青藏高原的隆升具有明显的脉动性与幕式作用特征,多数情况下FT年龄可能大致代表构造抬升与剥露事件的年代。     

Shaping the Australian crust over the last 300 million years: Insights from fission track thermotectonic imaging and denudation studies of key terranes

Apatite fission track thermochronology is a well‐established tool for reconstructing the low‐temperature thermal and tectonic evolution of continental crust. The variation of fission track ages and distribution of fission track lengths are primarily controlled by cooling, which may be initiated by earth movements and consequent denudation at the Earth's surface and/or by changes in the thermal regime. Using numerical forward‐modelling procedures these parameters can be matched with time‐temperature paths that enable thermal and tectonic processes to be mapped out in considerable detail. This study describes extensive Australian regional fission track datasets that have been modelled sequentially and inverted into time‐temperature solutions for visualisation as a series of time‐slice images depicting the cooling history of present‐day surface rocks during their passage through the upper crust. The data have also been combined with other datasets, including digital elevation and heat flow, to image the denudation history and the evolution of palaeotopography. These images provide an important new perspective on crustal processes and landscape evolution and show how important tectonic and denudation events over the last 300 million years can be visualised in time and space. The application of spatially integrated denudation‐rate chronology is also demonstrated for some key Australian terranes including the Lachlan and southern New England Orogens of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Gawler Craton, the Mt Isa Inlier, southwestern Australian crystalline terranes (including the Yilgarn Craton) and the Kimberley Block. This approach provides a readily accessible framework for quantifying the otherwise undetectable, timing and magnitude of long‐term crustal denudation in these terranes, for a part of the geological record previously largely unconstrained. Discrete episodes of enhanced denudation occurred principally in response to changes in drainage, base‐level changes and/or uplift/denudation related to far‐field effects resulting from intraplate stress or tectonism at plate margins. The tectonism was mainly associated with the history of continental breakup of the Gondwana Supercontinent from Late Palaeozoic time, although effects related to compression are also recorded in eastern Australia. The results also suggest that the magnitude of denudation of cratonic blocks has been significantly underestimated in previous studies, and that burial and exhumation are significant factors in the preservation of apparent ‘ancient’ features in the Australian landscape.     

甘孜-理塘金成矿带构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹年代学制约

甘孜-理塘金矿带形成于三江特提斯巨型造山带中,是三江金矿床的典型代表,具有长期活动的特点,形成了复杂的构造系统。多期构造活动有助于区内深源分散金元素的活化、迁移和富集沉淀,为成矿提供了十分有利的条件。本文介绍了甘孜-理塘金矿带错阿、西冲农、嘎拉、雄龙西和曲开隆洼这5个典型矿区的矿床特征,各矿区共计获得的9个磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值,总体显示为92~88Ma,34~26Ma,17~15Ma和8.1Ma共4个年龄组。4个年龄组均较好的体现了不同地质时期的构造活动及其时限,不仅为该地区提供新的年代学数据,也为该地区的构造演化提供了新证据。通过定量计算,得到本区不同地段的隆升幅度和隆升速率。隆升幅度分为3个量级,即5405m,6023~6272m和6519~6576m。隆升速率变化于0.07~0.81mm/a之间,大致可以分为4个量级,即0.07mm/a,0.18~0.24mm/a,0.32~0.43mm/a和0.81mm/a。两者均具有不同的量级,显示本区差异隆升的特点。