Sources and Petrogenesis of Late Triassic Dolerite Dikes in the Liaodong Peninsula: Implications for Post-collisional Lithosphere Thinning of the Eastern North China Craton

A combination of major and trace element, whole-rock Sr, Ndand Hf isotope, and zircon U–Pb isotopic data are reportedfor a suite of dolerite dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula inthe northeastern North China Craton. The study aimed to investigatethe source, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the dikes.Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon analysesyield a Late Triassic emplacement age of 213 Ma for these dikes,post-dating the collision between the North China and Yangtzecratons and consequent ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Threegeochemical groups of dikes have been identified in the LiaodongPeninsula based on their geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hfisotope characteristics. Group 1 dikes are tholeiitic, withhigh TiO₂ and total Fe₂O₃ and low MgO contents, absent to weaknegative Nb and Ta anomalies, variable (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0·7060–0·7153),_Nd(t) (– 0·8 to –6·5) and _Hf(t) (–2·7to –7·8) values, and negative _Hf(t) (–1·1to –7·8). They are inferred to be derived frompartial melting of a relatively fertile asthenospheric mantlein the spinel stability field, with some upper crustal assimilationand fractional crystallization. Group 2 dikes have geochemicalfeatures of high-Mg andesites with (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values of 0·7063–0·7072,and negative _Nd(t) (–3·0 to –9·5)and _Hf(t) (–3·2 to –10·1) values,and may have originated as melts of foundered lower crust, withsubsequent interaction with mantle peridotite. Group 3 dikesare shoshonitic in composition with relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_ivalues (0·7061–0·7063), and negative _Nd(t)(–13·2 to –13·4) and _Hf(t) (–11·0to –11·5) values, and were derived by partial meltingof an ancient, re-enriched, refractory lithospheric mantle inthe garnet stability field. The geochemical and geochronologicaldata presented here indicate that Late Triassic magmatism occurredin an extensional setting, most probably related to post-orogeniclithospheric delamination. KEY WORDS: mafic dike; asthenospheric mantle; lithospheric mantle; delamination; North China Craton     

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous low-Mg adakitic rocks along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton: implications for late Mesozoic crustal evolution

This article reports systematic zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous Jialou granitoids along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton (NCC), adjacent to the Tongbai Orogen. These results will provide significant constrains on the crustal evolution of the southern margin of the NCC. Zircon U–Pb analyses, using laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, indicate that the Jialou granitoids were emplaced at ~130 Ma. The granitoids have high SiO₂, K₂O, Al₂O₃, Sr, and Ba contents, high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios, and low concentrations of MgO, Y, and heavy rare earth elements, indicating a low-Mg adakitic affinity. They have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.707464–0.708190) and negative εNd(t) values (–11.8 to –15.2), similar to those of the Palaeoproterozoic lower crust in the NCC. These geochemical and isotopic features indicate that the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks were derived by partial melting of mafic Palaeoproterozoic lower crust of the NCC at >50 km depth, leaving behind a garnet amphibolite residue. The petrogenesis of the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks, plus the petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and lower crustal xenoliths entrained in the Late Jurassic Xinyang volcaniclastic diatreme, suggests that the continental crust along the southern margin of the NCC was thickened during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, but thinned after 130 Ma. We propose that crustal thickening was caused by a late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous intra-continental orogeny, rather than continent–continent collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. We also suggest that crustal thinning and Early Cretaceous magmatism were related to subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate, rather than post-orogenic collapse of the Qinling–Tongbai–Dabie Orogen.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Late Triassic Intrusive Rocks in the Xiuyan Area,Liaodong Peninsula,Eastern North China Craton: Petrogenesis and Implications for Lithospheric Thinning

The timing and mechanisms of lithospheric thinning and destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) remain controversial, and the overall geodynamics of the process are poorly understood. This paper documents Late Triassic igneous rocks including monzogranite, gabbro, and diorite from the Xiuyan District on the Liaodong Peninsula in the eastern NCC, which have LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of 229.0 ± 0.4 Ma, 216.2 ± 0.9 Ma, and 210.6 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. Monzogranite shows high-SiO2 adakite affinity, negative εHf(t) values (?20.6 to ?17.9), and old TDM2 ages (3.53–3.29 Ga), suggesting that their parental magma was derived from thickened Paleoarchean mafic lower crust and minor mantle materials that were also involved their generation. Gabbro is ultrapotassic, strongly enriched in LREEs and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs, and has evolved zircon Hf isotopes with negative εHf of ?10.04 to ?5.85 and old TDM2 ages (2.59–2.22 Ga). These are diagnostic signatures of a crustal component, but their high contents of MgO, Cr, Co, Ni indicate that the primary magma originated from enriched mantle. Diorite is enriched in LILEs and LREEs, depleted in HFSEs (with negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies), and contains negative εHf(t) values (?13.64 to ?11.01). Compared with the gabbro, the diorite is relatively enriched in Nb, Ta and HREEs, and also contains younger TDM2 ages (2.11–1.94 Ga), suggesting that the diorite was formed by mixing between ancient lower crust-derived felsic magmas and asthenospheric mantle-derived magmas. Field observations, geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes indicate that Late Triassic magmatism and tectonic activity resulted from deep subduction of the Yangtze Craton beneath the NCC in the Xiuyan area. This phase of tectonic activity was completed in the eastern NCC by the Late Triassic (216 Ma), and was subsequently followed by lithospheric thinning that began in the Late Triassic.     

Phase equilibria modelling and zircon age dating of pelitic granulites in Zhaojiayao,from the Jining Group of the Khondalite Belt,North China Craton

The Jining Group occurs as the eastern segment of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton and is dominated by a series of granulite facies rocks involving ‘normal’ pelitic granulites recording peak temperatures of ~850 °C and ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) pelitic granulites recording peak temperatures of 950–1100 °C. The P–T paths and ages of these two types of granulites are controversial. Three pelitic granulite samples in the Jining Group comprising two sillimanite–garnet gneiss samples (J1208 and J1210) and one spinel–garnet gneiss sample (J1303) were collected from Zhaojiayao, where ‘normal’ pelitic granulites occur, for determination of their metamorphic evolution and ages. Samples J1208 and J1210 are interpreted to record cooling paths from the T_max stages with P–T conditions respectively of ~870–890 °C/7–8 kbar and >840 °C/>7.5 kbar constrained from the stability fields of the observed mineral assemblages and the isopleths of plagioclase, garnet and biotite compositions in pseudosections. Sample J1303 is interpreted to record pre‐T_max decompression from the kyanite‐stability fields to the T_max stage of 950–1020 °C/8–9 kbar and a post‐T_max cooling path revealed mainly from the stability field of the observed mineral assemblage, the plagioclase zoning and the biotite composition isopleth in pseudosections. The post‐T_max cooling stage can be divided into suprasolidus and subsolidus stages. The suprasolidus cooling may not result in an equilibrium state at the solidus in a rock. Therefore, different minerals may record different P–T conditions along the cooling path; the inferred maximum temperature is commonly higher than the solidus as well as different solidi being recorded for different samples from the same outcrop but experiencing different degrees of melt loss. Plagioclase compositions, especially its zoning in plagioclase‐rich granulites, are predicted to be useful for recording the higher temperature conditions of a granulite's thermal history. The three samples studied seem to record the temperature range covering those of the ‘normal’ and UHT pelitic granulites in the Jining Group, suggesting that UHT conditions may be reached in ‘normal’ granulites without diagnostic UHT indicators. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb data provide a continuous trend of concordant ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages from 1.89 to 1.79 Ga for sample J1210, and from 1.94 to 1.80 Ga for sample J1303. These continuous and long age spectrums are interpreted to represent a slow cooling and exhumation process corresponding to the post‐T_max cooling P–T paths recorded by the pelitic granulites, which may have followed the exhumation of deeply buried rocks in a thickened crust region resulted from a collision event at c. 1.95 Ga as suggested by the pre‐T_max decompression P–T path.     

华北克拉通东部地块和大别—苏鲁造山带印支期褶皱-逆冲构造与动力学背景

大别-苏鲁造山带不同岩片(块)经历了不同的褶皱变形.榴辉岩块(或透镜体)和硬玉石英岩片经历了高压-超高压背景下的两幕褶皱变形之后,在区域性第一幕变形期间主要发生透镜化为主,后期与围岩共同经历紧闭同斜第二幕褶皱.而其它岩片主要经历了现今野外可见的区域性三幕褶皱,其中区域性第一幕褶皱为片内残留褶皱,在斜长角闪岩透镜体中多见,宏观规律不明.区域性第二幕褶皱在露头尺度多见,轴面为折劈理,局部强烈置换成片理化带(复合片理或第二期片理),恢复第三幕褶皱改造作用后,揭示出各种岩片中的各级尺度的第二幕褶皱都为轴面北西倾南东倒、轴迹走向为NNE向的紧闭不对称褶皱,不对称性一致反映其指向与各种岩片向南东的逆冲运动有关.第三幕褶皱为以片理或折劈理为变形面的宽缓褶皱,轴迹走向NWW,枢纽向西倾伏.韧性剪切带为非透入性构造,分早晚两期,早期为韧性逆冲,新县穹隆以南,运动学标志指示向北逆冲,错切第二幕褶皱,结合新县穹隆北部向南的逆冲特征,反映这些韧性逆冲断层多数为第二幕大型褶皱翼部的次级逆冲断层;晚期为韧性滑脱带,其发育局限于几个岩性差异较大的接触带,带内伸展型折劈理发育,并对挤压构造样式有重要的改造作用.华北克拉通东部地块是华北克拉通的重要组成,其盖层古生界和三叠系在印支运动期间经历了一幕宽缓褶皱作用,其轴迹方向主体也为NWW向.这一褶皱构造明显在变形时间、变形样式和展布方向上都和大别-苏鲁造山带中的第三幕褶皱非常一致,说明它们具有动力学上的必然联系.同时,研究表明在华北克拉通东部地块中没有经历大别-苏鲁造山带中区域性第一、第二幕褶皱变形的记录,故本文认为印支期这两幕变形主要发生在华北板块东南缘的边界上,并没有波及到板内,而且从东向西高压-超高压岩石剥露具有穿时性.只有当华北板块和华南板块在第二幕变形之后构成了统一块体后,第三幕变形才波及华北板内.     

华北克拉通早前寒武纪条带状铁建造形成时代——SHRIMP锆石U Pb定年

华北克拉通是我国早前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIF)最重要的分布区。近年来大量锆石定年研究表明,华北克拉通BIF形成于始太古代到古元古代早期,但主要为新太古代晚期(2.50～2.55Ga)。最重要的BIF分布于华北克拉通东部的鞍本、冀东和鲁西地区,沉积环境相对稳定是大规模BIF形成的重要条件。华北克拉通新太古代晚期BIF形成的构造环境还不十分清楚,但可能为岛弧构造环境。BIF明显的时代专属性是地质和大气演化的结果。     

Petrogenesis of Two Types of Archean TTGs in the North China Craton: A Case Study of Intercalated TTGs in Lushan and Non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan

TTG(Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite) gneisses,a major component of Precambrian continental crust,play a significant role in understanding the process and mechanism of the crustal evolution in the early periods of the Earth. In terms of field occurrence,there are two kinds of Archean TTGs in the NCC(North China Craton): intercalated and non-intercalated TTGs. In this contribution,we make a comprehensive comparison of these two types of TTGs from the typical areas(Lushan and Hengshan) in the NCC with an aim to constrain their petrogenesis. The results suggest that they have similar mineral assemblages of Pl + Qtz + Bt ± Amp ± Kfs but different field appearances and geochemical compositions,thus probably reflecting different source materials and tectonic settings. Differences in the contents of characteristic elements,such as Sr,REE and HFSE,suggest that the nonintercalated TTGs in Hengshan were generated at deeper levels than those of intercalated TTGs in Lushan. Constraints from element contents and geochemical modeling results are consistent with derivation from dual sources involving both garnet amphibolite and rutile-bearing eclogite residues for the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan,whereas the compositions of intercalated TTGs in Lushan indicate that they were formed by partial melting with amphibolite to garnet-amphibolite residues. Moreover,accumulation of plagioclase is also required in the petrogenesis of intercalated TTGs in Lushan,at least for part of them. In addition,the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan display distinctly higher Mg O,Mg#,Cr and Ni values and lower SiO_2 average contents compared to the intercalated TTGs in Lushan. These features suggest that the former magma,at least a part,might have interacted with the mantle wedge during ascent. Considering all the above factors and in combination with the whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data,it is suggested that the non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan were produced by partial melting of subducted slab contaminated by the overlying mantle wedge at deeper levels and high pressures,whereas the intercalated TTGs in Lushan were generated by melting of the thickened lower crust at lower pressures and shallower depths. The tectonic settings of the two types of TTGs shed new light on the growth of the NCC.     

胶北南山口含榴辉石岩岩石学与锆石U-Pb定年的初步研究

胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩主要由含榴辉石岩和含榴基性麻粒岩所组成,且以不规则透镜体的形式赋存于太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩之中。岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析与矿物化学研究结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩不仅普遍发育近等温减压反应结构,即石榴石+富钙流体→单斜辉石+葡萄石+榍石±钠长石与石榴石+富钙流体+二氧化碳→角闪石+葡萄石±钠长石±方解石±榍石,指示其早期可能经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用。而且,与南山口含榴基性麻粒岩类似,在晚期降温退变过程中,它们还经历了强烈的钙质交代作用,形成富钙矿物组合:富钙铝榴石的石榴石+次透辉石质单斜辉石+钙质角闪石+葡萄石+钠长石+方解石+榍石。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩中的岩浆锆石记录了2900~2850Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,指示胶北地体在中太古代晚期存在一次重要的岩浆事件,而其变质锆石还记录了1950~1800Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,说明胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩曾卷入了胶北古元古代晚期地壳造山作用。结合研究区其它地质研究资料,本文推断胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩可能形成于古元古代,是华北克拉通胶-辽-吉带古元古代岩系的重要组成部分,并于1950~1800Ma期间,卷入了胶-辽-吉带古元古代造山作用,先后经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用和晚期降温与钙质交代的联合退变质作用。     

胶-辽-吉带辽东宽甸地区古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因

古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩在胶-辽-吉构造带广泛出露,是构成胶-辽-吉带的最主要物质组成。2件中细粒二长花岗质片麻岩样品及1件正长花岗质片麻岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,它们分别形成于2.17Ga和2.33Ga,代表两期花岗质岩浆事件,并经历了约1.89Ga的变质作用。这些花岗质岩石具高硅(SiO_2=71.68%~76.38%),富铁(Fe_2O_3+FeO=1.61%~4.35%)及全碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.57%~9.3%),K_2O/Na_2O比值大于1,贫钙(CaO=0.2%~1.6%)、镁(MgO=0.05%~0.24%,Mg#=3.82~13.0)、磷(P_2O_5=0.01%~0.06%)及钛(TiO_2=0.12%~0.4%)的特征;它们具有较高的稀土元素总量(ΣREE=104×10~(-6)~440×10~(-6)),具有轻微的轻重稀土分异,(La/Yb)_N比值在2~11之间,具明显的铕负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.30~1.18,平均值为0.56),具有低Sr(大部分100×10~(-6))、Rb(62.8×10~(-6)~187×10~(-6))、Cr及Ni含量,高的Zr(250×10~(-6))及Yb(2×10~(-6))含量,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y平均值为506×10~(-6),10000×Ga/Al值大于2.7;微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网模式图显示,富集Rb、U、K、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr及Ti等元素;它们属铁质、准铝质至弱过铝质、碱钙-钙碱性系列,全岩锆饱和温度大于800℃,属A2型花岗岩;结合胶-辽-吉带内古元古代花岗质片麻岩的全岩Nd及锆石Hf同位素研究结果,指示这些古元古代A型花岗岩可能形成于高温低压的伸展构造背景下,大陆物质(TTG岩石)的部分熔融。暗示胶-辽-吉带可能经历了古元古代早期多阶段的陆壳伸展拉张,并形成初始洋盆,然后再到洋-陆俯冲、陆(弧)-陆碰撞的演化过程。     

胶北太古宙早期锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究：华北克拉通古老陆壳增生及再循环的证据

古老陆壳物质的发现与鉴别是探索地球早期陆壳形成与演化历史的重要内容之一,锆石U-Pb年龄结合Hf同位素研究是该研究的重要手段。本文通过对胶北地体内一个长英质副片麻岩中的锆石开展系统的原位U-Pb定年和微量、稀土元素分析,获得了多个太古宙早期的锆石。根据这些锆石的阴极发光图像、Th/U比值及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式,它们具有典型岩浆锆石的特征,其中2个分析点给出了3413Ma和3400Ma(~3.4Ga)的锆石U-Pb年龄,7个分析点给出3547±19Ma(MSWD=1.16)的锆石U-Pb年龄,指示太古宙早期的陆壳岩浆事件;结合华北克拉通其它地区的类似研究结果,暗示华北克拉通可能曾经存在比现今出露面积更大的太古宙早期的古老陆壳。这些古老锆石的Hf同位素分析显示,它们的εHf(t)值在-6.19~0.95之间,平均为-2.54,两阶段Hf模式年龄在3737~4353Ma之间,平均值为~4.1Ga,远大于锆石的U-Pb年龄,指示华北克拉通存在~4.1Ga的地壳增生作用及古老陆壳(3.55Ga)的再循环。     

胶莱盆地晚白垩世玄武岩的年代学和地球化学特征及其对华北岩石圈减薄-增生的制约

已有研究认为华北岩石圈减薄的时空不均一是显著的,主要表现在软流圈来源的岩浆最早出现的时间呈现南北差异。本文通过40Ar-39Ar法获得胶莱盆地西官庄拉斑玄武岩的年龄为96±3Ma,属于青山群火山岩的一部分,早于王氏群大西庄碱性玄武岩(73Ma)。两套岩石均缺乏Nb、Ta负异常,分别具有与E-MORB和OIB类似的微量元素配分特征。西官庄拉斑玄武岩((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7058,εNd(t)=0.37～0.57)和大西庄碱性玄武岩((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7040,εNd(t)=5.5～5.7)的同位素组成特征均显示软流圈的印记。前者为软流圈熔体与古老富集岩石圈地幔相互反应的产物,而后者是软流圈部分熔融的产物。研究区岩浆的εNd(t)值随年龄的降低而逐渐增大,暗示古老岩石圈减薄过程中软流圈的上涌,说明研究区晚白垩世-早新生代岩石圈仍在经历减薄作用。类似的岩浆演化趋势在辽西和辽东地区也有发现,不过演化的时间分别为120～100Ma和80～60Ma,再次证明华北岩石圈减薄作用的时空不均一性。     

北秦岭构造带与华北板块关系探讨: 来自宽坪杂岩变碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年代学与变质作用证据

宽坪杂岩是连接北秦岭构造带和华北板块的重要岩石-构造单元之一,其物质组成和变质变形特征可为探讨北秦岭构造带与华北板块构造关系及演化提供重要证据。本文在已有研究基础上,对宝鸡-眉县-洛南一带宽坪变碎屑岩进行了系统的岩石学、矿物学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,宽坪碎屑岩最年轻碎屑锆石年龄峰值为~550Ma,最主要碎屑锆石年龄集中区为~2.5Ga和1.0~0.9Ga,次要年龄集中区为1.3~1.0Ga和850~750Ma。通过与周缘可能物源区的年代学特征对比揭示,宽坪碎屑岩物源主要来自北秦岭新元古代花岗岩与秦岭岩群副片麻岩,部分来自南秦岭和扬子板块北缘新元古代花岗岩以及太古宙基底岩系,缺乏华北板块物质;宽坪碎屑岩的碎屑锆石年龄谱特征与南侧的二郎坪碎屑岩近乎一致,暗示两者可能形成于同一沉积盆地。相平衡模拟结果显示,洛南红土岭宽坪杂岩含石榴子石石英片岩记录了顺时针P-T演化轨迹,峰期变质条件为P=7.17~7.92kbar,T=557~563℃,形成于大陆碰撞过程。结合前人报道宽坪杂岩~440Ma的变质年龄,我们认为在早志留世时期宽坪和二郎坪沉积盆地闭合,北秦岭构造带与华北板块碰撞形成现今的构造格局,在此之前北秦岭构造带与华北板块不具有亲缘性。

     

Zircon U-Pb age,geochemical, and Sr-Nd-O isotopic constraints on the origin of the youngest Mesozoic adakitic dikes in Jiaodong peninsula,North China Craton: implications for Early Cretaceous crustal evolution

ABSTRACT

The adakitic dikes with zircon ages of ~120–118 Ma are identified in the Xiejiagou gold deposit, Jiaobei terrain. The Early Cretaceous intermediate-acidic dikes include monzonite, quartz monzonite, and monzogranite, which have SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, Na₂O contents ranging from 61.01 to 74.72 wt. %, 14.42 to 17.28 wt.%, 2.55 to 4.45 wt.%, and 3.09 to 4.64 wt.%, respectively. The dikes are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (e.g., Rb, Sr, and Ba) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Nb, Ta) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). They are also characterized by continental crust-like isotopic compositions: whole-rock δ¹⁸O = 7.6–9.9‰, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70893–0.71036, and ε_Nd(t) = ?13.16 to ?17.06. Assimilation and fractional crystallization are limited, and partial melting of source rock is the main mechanism in controlling the compositional variation. The high Sr/Y (41.51–93.25) and (La/Yb)_N (22.9–44.7) ratios imply that the dikes have affinities similar to adakitic rocks. The regional geological setting, coupled with the geochemical and isotopic data, indicate that the adakitic dikes were unlikely produced by partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab or a thickened/delaminated lower crust, or AFC processes of mantle-derived magmas. We conclude that the adakitic dikes are generated by partial melting of lower crust which was triggered and modified by underplating of the lithospheric mantle. We also propose that the eastern part of the North China Craton experienced severe thinning in the Early Cretaceous (~135–120 Ma), and the lithospheric thinning is related to delamination of the lower crust.     

Palaeoproterozoic granitic magmatism in the northern segment of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt: implications for orogenesis along the Eastern Block of the North China Craton

As the northern segment of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt (JLJB), the Palaeoproterozoic Liaoji Belt is a key region for deciphering the formation and evolution of the North China Craton (NCC). In this study, we present the geochronology, geochemical, and isotopic studies on the monzogranitic gneiss, which is one of the major lithotectonic elements of the Liaoji Belt. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the studied monzogranitic gneisses were formed in the period of 2213–2178 Ma. They are in tectonic contact with the Palaeoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary rocks in the field. The monzogranitic gneisses belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series, and are metaluminous to peraluminous. They have 10,000 Ga/Al ratios of 2.63–3.14 with an average of 2.90, and are thus classified as aluminous A-type granites. Their ε_Nd(t) values vary from ?3.4 to +2.5, indicating heterogeneous source region. The monzogranitic gneisses are characterized by enrichment in LREE and LILE (e.g. Rb, Ba, Th, and K) and depletion in HREE and HFSE (such as Nb, Ta, and Ti), and are typical to magmatism in active continental margins formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting. Taking into account their A-type affinity and regional geological data, we suggest that the monzogranitic gneisses were most probably generated in a local extensional back-arc environment during subduction.     

冀东地区～3.8 Ga TTG岩石发现

始太古代及形成时代更古老的岩石十分稀少,任何新的发现都是对最早期陆壳形成演化研究的重要贡献。本文首次报道了华北克拉通冀东地区～3.8 Ga TTG岩石的年龄和地球化学组成。样品J2012为花岗闪长质片麻岩,J2013为侵入花岗闪长质片麻岩的花岗闪长岩脉,也遭受变质变形。两者的岩浆锆石年龄分别为3785±8 Ma和3773±6 Ma。尽管岩石的常量元素组成和形成时代类似,但稀土模式明显不同。样品J2012的TREE(稀土总量)和(La/Yb)_n比值分别为139.2×10^-6和8.44,组成特征与北美4.03 Ga Acasta片麻岩类似,岩浆作用发生在相对低压的条件下,岩浆作用过程中无石榴子石参与而有斜长石存在。样品J2013的TREE和(La/Yb)_n比值分别为163.5×10^-6和51.16。轻重稀土强烈分异要求花岗闪长岩形成于石榴子石稳定和斜长石不稳定的高压条件下。研究表明,冀东地区在～3.8 Ga时TTG岩浆作用就显示出多样性,支持了古太古代早期—冥古宙陆壳基底广泛存在的认识。根据始太古代岩石...     

Rapid cooling of the Yanshan Belt,northern China: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology and implications for cratonic lithospheric thinning

The Yanshan Orogenic Belt is located in the northern part of the North China Craton (NCC), which lost ∼120 km of lithospheric mantle during Phanerozoic tectonic reactivation. Mesozoic magmatism in the Yanshan fold-and-thrust belt began at 195–185 Ma (Early Jurassic), with most of the granitic plutons being Cretaceous in age (138–113 Ma). Along with this magmatism, multi-phase deformational structures, including multiple generations of folds, thrust and reverse faults, extensional faults, and strike-slip faults are present in this belt. Previous investigations have mostly focused on geochemical and isotopic studies of these magmatic rocks, but not on the thermal history of the Mesozoic plutons. We have applied ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology to biotites and K-feldspars from several Lower Cretaceous granitic plutons to decipher the cooling and uplift history of the Yanshan region. The biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of these plutons range from 107 to 123 Ma, indicating that they cooled through about 350 °C at that time. All the K-feldspar step-heating results modeled using multiple diffusion domain theory yield similarly rapid cooling trends, although beginning at different times. Two rapid cooling phases have been identified at ca. 120–105 and 100–90 Ma. The first phase of rapid cooling occurred synchronously with widespread extensional deformation characterized by the formation of metamorphic core complexes, A-type magmatism, large-scale normal faults, and the development of half-graben basins. This suggests rapid exhumation took place in an extensional regime and was a shallow-crustal-level response to lithospheric thinning of the NCC. The second phase of rapid cooling was probably related to the regional uplift and unroofing of the Yanshan Belt, which is consistent with the lack of Upper Cretaceous sediments in most of the Yanshan region.     

华北克拉通孔兹岩带古元古代凉城石榴石花岗岩成因机制及其岩石学意义

在华北克拉通孔兹岩带东段凉城地区分布有大规模古元古代石榴石花岗岩。凉城石榴石花岗岩是产于麻粒岩相变沉积岩中的原地-半原地花岗岩,伴生有徐武家岩体为代表的辉长苏长岩小侵入体群。凉城石榴石花岗岩富含石榴子石（5%~15%,局部可达25%）,常见紫苏辉石,推测形成于高温（>850~900℃）、高压（8~10kbar）条件下,不同于典型的S型花岗岩。地球化学特征上,石榴石花岗岩具有强过铝的地球化学属性（A/CNK=1.1~1.6）,显示低SiO₂（55%~75%）和富MgO+FeO^T（5%~14%）的特征,已经偏离了正常S型花岗岩的成分范围。凉城石榴石花岗岩低硅富镁铁的成分特征很可能是由残留体（石榴石岩）带入和辉长苏长岩物质添加造成,残留体和辉长苏长岩的物质贡献比例约占20%~40%。年代学研究表明凉城石榴石花岗岩形成时代为1.93~1.92Ga,与辉长苏长岩形成时代（1.93Ga）和变质沉积岩记录的超高温变质作用时代（1.92Ga）一致,指示凉城石榴石花岗岩是幔源基性岩浆侵入麻粒岩相变质沉积岩中引起变沉积岩在高温-超高温条件下大规模部分熔融的产物。大规模出露的高温石榴石花岗岩及多点分布的超高温麻粒岩共同反映了集宁-凉城区域上超高温的特点。

     

华北克拉通南缘张士英岩体大陆动力学背景:来自地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据

张士英岩体位于华北克拉通南缘,岩体主要由石英正长岩组成。石英正长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为122.8±1.5Ma。其Si O2含量为66.04%~67.80%,Na2O+K2O=9.03%~10.97%,K2O=4.40%~6.37%,K2O/Na2O1属于钾质长英质岩石。A/CNK=1.26~1.58,A/NK=1.63~1.79属于过铝质岩石系列。石英正长岩的Mg#变化范围在12.9~39.4。富集LREE亏损HREE,轻重稀土分异明显,(La/Yb)N=15.48~21.12,Eu呈弱的负异常(δEu=0.54~0.99)。富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。张士英石英正长岩岩浆锆石εHf(t)集中在-17.6~-13.9,Hf两阶段模式年龄tDM2集中在1.7~1.9Ga。石英正长岩的岩浆Zr饱和温度高(936~998℃)。地球化学及同位素显示张士英石英正长岩源区主要为古老的壳源物质,并有少量年轻组分加入,这种年轻组分是幔源物质。岩体形成于拉张性构造环境下,拉张性的环境导致了幔源物质的上涌,底侵下地壳使其发生部分熔融。形成时代正好位于华北克拉通破坏峰期,张士英石英正长岩正是这一地质事件的响应。     

华北克拉通北部迁安紫苏花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及地质意义

紫苏花岗岩是太古宙高级变质地体的主要物质组成,对其开展岩石成因与年代学研究,可深入理解早期大陆生长及其机制。本文以迁安紫苏花岗岩为窗口,探讨其成因与机制,通过精确的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得其成岩年龄为2544±22Ma,指示了新太古代晚期的一次岩浆活动。岩石变质年龄为2475±87Ma,证明随后的高级变质作用年龄范围为2439~2501Ma。岩石地球化学研究表明:迁安紫苏花岗岩SiO_2=59.14%~66.97%,MgO=1.62%~3.12%,富Ba(574×10-6~1572×10-6),LREE((La/Yb)N=22.3~79.0),亏损HFSE,不存在Eu负异常(δEu=1.76~3.43),其高Sr/Y值(85~179)与(La/Yb)N值指示了与TTG的相关性。结合样品地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄分析,并与本区域大地构造背景相结合,迁安紫苏花岗岩可能是角闪岩相条件下偏中性含水玄武质原岩高温部分熔融的产物,应当形成于地幔柱背景。