北京石花洞空气环境主要因子季节性变化特征研究

洞穴大气CO2浓度不仅是影响洞穴沉积物沉积（或者溶蚀）的重要因素之一,而且在旅游洞穴,它关系到沉积物景观的稳定性以及旅游环境的舒适性。本文通过对石花洞洞穴大气温度、湿度及CO2浓度近4个水文年的观测,结果表明：（1）洞穴温度在15℃上下波动,夏季约高1℃,主要与洞内外温差的季节性变化和旅游活动有关;（2）洞穴CO2浓度随着大气温度上升而缓慢升高,至每年的7月上旬雨季来临时,气温、降水及土壤中CO2大幅提高,降水溶解大量的土壤CO2并渗入洞穴中,导致洞穴CO2浓度迅速上升,8月观测到的最高浓度可达到4 334ppm,在雨季结束后,随着大气温度降低,CO2浓度缓慢下降,2月份平均值达到最低,为360~458 ppm。另外,在5月份和10月份的旅游黄金周,旅游人数的增加,洞穴CO2浓度异常增高。在进行洞穴管理与规划时,应综合考虑自然和人为因素对洞穴的影响。     

旅游溶洞内氡污染及其防治

我国贵州省和云南省已开发的部分旅游溶洞中，氡的浓度超过国际放射防护委员会的标准和我国的国家标准，危害旅游从业人员和游客的健康，旅游溶洞中氡和子体浓度的大小主要取决于组成溶洞的岩石和溶洞内沉积物的氡含量，断层和裂隙的发育程度，地下水的氡含量及水量、溶洞的形状以及观测时间等，对此应采取相应的防治措施。     

基于岩溶洞穴旅游活动中洞穴环境因子的研究

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,岩溶洞穴旅游活动日益频繁,使得对洞穴环境的综合研究以及洞穴旅游管理变得尤为重要。通过调研国内外岩溶洞穴旅游管理的现状,结合岩溶洞穴环境的研究成果,综合分析岩溶洞穴环境因子,如温度、相对湿度、洞穴CO2浓度等,对岩溶景观的影响,探讨溶洞环境的自净能力以及景观保护与修复措施等问题;针对目前岩溶洞穴旅游开发的有限空间与无序客流的矛盾,提出了合理调控洞穴旅游客流量,增强洞穴旅游景观资源保护意识,从地学、旅游、环境以及健康等角度评估和开发洞穴,使旅游活动对环境因子的影响限制在可控范围,实现洞穴旅游的可持续发展。     

河北临城白云洞洞穴旅游对洞穴CO2 浓度及温度的影响

河北临城白云洞碳酸钙景观极其丰富但风化严重.2000年"五一"黄金周对白云洞的客流量、温度、洞穴空气中的CO2浓度进行了系统的观测研究,并在8月、10月旅游淡季进行了对比观测.研究结果表明,洞穴旅游活动对洞穴的温度和CO2浓度的变化有主控作用.白云洞在"五一"长假游开始前最低CO2浓度为600ppm, "五一"这一天当游客量达到 5800人时,大洞厅中的CO2达到4400ppm,温度提高了1.1℃,而狭小洞厅中CO2浓度可达到5800ppm,温度提高了2.3℃.当洞穴旅游高峰连续维持多日时,洞穴中的CO2还会累积增加.如5月2日的游客达到4000多人时,狭小洞厅CO2达到7000ppm.旅游高峰期,洞穴CO2往往经过一个晚上的扩散和流动后,也回不到本底值.但洞穴温度的累积不很明显.     

疫情背景下桂林市芦笛岩空气环境影响因素研究

当天然洞穴开发为旅游洞穴,人为活动输入到洞穴的能量与物质影响了洞穴本体环境。文章以桂林市代表性旅游洞穴芦笛岩为例,以2020年9月1日至10月8日洞穴温度、湿度、CO2以及游客人数作为重点参数,定时、定位观测洞穴环境关键要素变化及相互关系,进而探究疫情防控背景下洞穴空气环境特征及影响因素、旅游活动对洞穴环境的影响以及洞穴自净能力。观测结果表明：（1）受新冠肺炎疫情影响,观测期内游客人数较往年明显减少,游客活动对洞穴温度和湿度影响并不明显,洞穴内外温度和湿度曲线变化趋于一致,主要受洞外空气环境的影响;（2）游览高峰期短时间内洞内CO2浓度仍会随游客量的增多呈现规律性变化,但在旅游活动结束以后,洞内CO2浓度能迅速回归至洞穴环境背景值,未观测到明显的CO2累积现象;（3）芦笛岩本身具有一定的自净能力,观测期内受降雨和降温的影响,洞外温度显著降低,促使芦笛岩洞穴通风模式发生改变,洞穴内外气流交换加强,提高了该洞的自净能力。     

兴文世界地质公园的旅游循环经济模式探讨

随着旅游经济的飞速发展,旅游环境问题日趋严重。本文将循环经济的新理念引入到兴文世界地质公园的旅游中,可构建旅游循环经济的新型发展模式。在兴文旅游循环经济中形成三大循环:旅游小循环——四大景区内部的旅游资源的循环利用;旅游中循环——旅游业与其他产业部门之间的循环,组织生态产业链联结不同的产业部门,形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业组合;旅游大循环——整个社会的循环,大力发展绿色消费市场和资源回收产业,完成"旅游资源——旅游产品——旅游再生资源"的闭合环路。这三种旅游循环模式的整合使整个兴文县经济、社会及环境相互协调,从而实现旅游资源的循环利用和旅游环境的可持续发展。     

我国洞穴旅游从业者安全认知研究

安全是洞穴旅游的生命线,是洞穴旅游活动正常开展的前提和保障。国内外多数洞穴旅游安全事故多起因于旅游从业者和游客自身安全认知欠缺。由于洞穴旅游从业者直接面对游客,是洞穴旅游安全事故的“第一道防火墙”,因此,从洞穴旅游从业者的角度对洞穴旅游安全认知进行研究就显得尤为重要。本文对我国17个旅游洞穴从业者的旅游安全认知开展问卷调查,运用统计分析和灰色关联分析对洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知及其差异进行分析,得到以下结论:（1）我国洞穴旅游从业者的总体安全认知度较高;（2）我国洞穴旅游从业者安全管理认知存在一定差异;（3）不同属性的洞穴旅游从业者安全认知度存在一定差异;（4）不同洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知度存在一定差异。基于洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知,可采取如下措施提高洞穴旅游安全管理水平:加强对洞穴旅游从业者的安全教育培训,提高安全意识;提升洞穴旅游景区（点）的安全管理水平,增强执行力度;建立健全洞穴旅游安全控制、预警和救援制度,切实保障旅游。      

地质学在旅游资源调查评价与开发中的应用

旅游资源范畴随着旅游产业的发展而在不断扩大,生态旅游和地质科学考察旅游成为旅游的重要发展方向。从分析旅游资源的形成和演化与地质学关系出发,探讨目前旅游资源调查评价与开发中对地质学的应用及其不足,提出以地质遗迹保护为基础建设地质公园是旅游资源开发的一个新发展方向,强调了地质学理论与地质资料在旅游资源保护及可持续利用中的作用。这是提高旅游资源调查与评价水平,开拓旅游新领域,为旅游经济发展服务的最佳切入点。     

方法-目的链理论在喀斯特旅游产品开发中的运用--以兴文石海洞乡地质公园为例

喀斯特旅游是一种传统的大众观光旅游项目,由于喀斯特旅游产品共性大,个性小,替代性强等特征,导致目前的喀斯特旅游开发难度较大.本文结合四川兴文石海洞乡地质公园旅游开发实例,打破传统喀斯特资源导向型旅游产品开发模式,运用消费者行为学中的方法-目的链理论,从旅游消费者的角度出发, 分析旅游者与旅游产品的感知关系,提出"游客导向型"喀斯特旅游产品开发建议.     

基于循环经济的旅游资源开发与保护

本文基于目前环境保护中的循环经济理论,结合旅游资源开发保护的现状,从而将循环经济的3R原则引入旅游资源的开发保护中,并提出了应该顺应目前"绿色旅游"这种新旅游趋势进行旅游资源的开发利用规划,最终走上旅游的可持续发展.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861