塔里木盆地东南缘(阿尔金山)"变质基底"记录的多期构造热事件:锆石U-Pb年代学的制约

塔里木盆地东南缘的阿尔金山被认为是塔里木克拉通变质基底的主要出露地区之一。 本文通过阿尔金山北坡不整合在太古代-古元古代变质基底之上的安南坝群中的碎屑岩和中南阿尔金中深变质岩石(原定为阿尔金岩群)的锆石U-Pb年代学研究,来确定塔里木盆地东南缘变质基底的性质及所经历的多期构造热历史。研究结果显示,塔里木盆地东南缘的安南坝群中含砾砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄集中在1.92Ga左右,少量在2.0~2.4Ga,表明其碎屑物质主要来源于下伏的太古代-早元古代米兰岩群和相关的深成侵入体。在中阿尔金地块和南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的深变质岩石中,锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明其记录有新元古代早期(920~940Ma)、新元古代晚期(760Ma左右)和早古生代(450~500Ma)三期构造热事件,新元古代早期的构造热事件与塔里木(或晋宁)造山作用有关,它普遍存在于塔里木盆地周缘的和南中国地块(扬子克拉通)的变质基底岩石中,与Rodinia超级大陆汇聚相关;新元古代晚期的构造热事件也同样广泛存在于塔里木盆地周缘和扬子克拉通之中,被认为与Rodinia超大陆的裂解作用有关。因此,在新元古代时期,阿尔金的地质演化历史与扬子克拉通非常相似,而与华北则有很大的不同,锆石U-Pb测定还表明中南阿尔金的深变质岩石普遍遭受了早古生代的变质作用的改造,显示它们普遍卷入了早古生代的碰撞造山事件之中,成为早古生代碰撞造山带的组成部分。     

柴达木盆地西北部红三旱地区始新世-渐新世砂岩物源分析

柴达木盆地西部红三旱一号三高点上、下干柴沟组砂岩的骨架矿物成分的模式分析显示,始新统—渐新统砂岩的源区主要为再旋回造山带。根据古水流推断物源区主要为阿尔金山。结合上、下干柴沟组砂岩成分模式分析的标准偏差对比和骨架矿物成分平均含量的变化特征,认为渐新世时(上干柴沟组)阿尔金山存在一期隆升事件。     

塔里木盆地东南缘新生代构造变形特征研究

塔里木盆地东南缘新生代变形特征研究对探讨阿尔金构造带新生代的活动特征及阿尔金构造带与西昆仑构造带的相互作用具有重要意义.本文在野外地质调查的基础上,结合地球物理和沉积学资料,探讨了塔里木盆地东南缘的新生代变形及演化特征.塔里木盆地东南缘新生代构造变形受西昆仑构造带、阿尔金构造带和车尔臣断裂带的控制,且变形由西向东减弱.西南部的构造样式主要表现为受西昆仑向北冲断作用控制的冲断构造;东南部为受阿尔金断层走滑作用控制的走滑-冲断构造;而北部则为受车尔臣断层走滑作用控制的基底卷入走滑-冲断构造.中新世,盆地东南缘受西昆仑构造带大规模的冲断活动影响,导致民丰山前盆地挠曲沉降和冲断层发育,而车尔臣断裂仅有微弱活动;上新世开始,构造变形扩展到整个研究区,不仅西昆仑构造带和车尔臣断裂带表现出强烈变形,而且阿尔金断层走滑作用强烈,导致北侧次级断层的强烈走滑冲断作用和若羌山前挤压挠曲盆地的形成.新生代时期,西昆仑构造带北向冲断作用要早于阿尔金构造带的走滑变形,阿尔金构造带的走滑作用对西昆仑构造带北向冲断构造有强烈的改造.     

大陆盆地的聚敛-闭合过程研究:以塔里木盆地为例

印度与欧亚大陆第三纪以来碰撞汇聚,造成亚洲大陆内部强烈缩短变形。塔里木盆地如何发生相应的变形调节和应变分解,成为中亚板内构造的重要问题。塔里木陆块新生代以来被板内造山带及走滑断裂系环绕,盆地内部以刚性为特征,未发生强烈构造变形。区域大断裂与塔里木盆地的冲断、走滑构造边界共同作用,形成盆地边缘复杂的构造系。其新生代构造变形主要集中于盆地的构造边界上,4条构造边界显示差异性的运动特征和构造交切关系。盆地边缘构造带叠加并向盆内扩展,造成盆地总体上水平缩短,并发生应变分解。盆地内部发生沉积-构造分异,发育前陆盆地、前缘隆起、复合前陆盆地、拉分盆地等单元。其中,盆地西北缘及西南缘发生陆内俯冲,形成前陆盆地及前陆冲断带,对盆内构造演化有重要影响。区域构造研究表明,塔里木盆地新生代主要发生了4期区域构造变形,第三纪以来还发生顺时针旋转。大陆盆地构造边界上的运动组合、盆内不均匀阻挡和滑脱拆离,造成其变形扩展方式的差异,并影响盆内单元构造演化。因此,塔里木盆地是认识大陆盆地聚敛与闭合过程的天然实验室。     

大陆盆地的聚敛-闭合过程研究:以塔里木盆地为例

印度与欧亚大陆第三纪以来碰撞汇聚,造成亚洲大陆内部强烈缩短变形。塔里木盆地如何发生相应的变形调节和应变分解,成为中亚板内构造的重要问题。塔里木陆块新生代以来被板内造山带及走滑断裂系环绕,盆地内部以刚性为特征,未发生强烈构造变形。区域大断裂与塔里木盆地的冲断、走滑构造边界共同作用,形成盆地边缘复杂的构造系。其新生代构造变形主要集中于盆地的构造边界上,4条构造边界显示差异性的运动特征和构造交切关系。盆地边缘构造带叠加并向盆内扩展,造成盆地总体上水平缩短,并发生应变分解。盆地内部发生沉积-构造分异,发育前陆盆地、前缘隆起、复合前陆盆地、拉分盆地等单元。其中,盆地西北缘及西南缘发生陆内俯冲,形成前陆盆地及前陆冲断带,对盆内构造演化有重要影响。区域构造研究表明,塔里木盆地新生代主要发生了4期区域构造变形,第三纪以来还发生顺时针旋转。大陆盆地构造边界上的运动组合、盆内不均匀阻挡和滑脱拆离,造成其变形扩展方式的差异,并影响盆内单元构造演化。因此,塔里木盆地是认识大陆盆地聚敛与闭合过程的天然实验室。     

再论塔里木北缘阿克苏蓝片岩的时代和成因环境:来自锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素的新证据

阿克苏蓝片岩和基性岩墙形成时代和构造背景对认识塔里木地块前寒武纪构造演化以及新元古代超大陆重建具有重要意义.本文通过对含蓝片岩的阿克苏群中变质碎屑岩和侵入阿克苏群的基性岩墙的锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素分析表明,(长石)石英片岩中碎屑锆石出现2个明显的统计峰值,较老一组锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb的表面年龄集中在~1.9Ga,并有少量太古代的年龄信息;另一组较年轻锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U表面年龄峰值为~820Ma,代表阿克苏群的最大沉积年龄.侵入阿克苏群的基性岩墙锆石U-Pb年龄为~760Ma.阿克苏蓝片岩相变质的时间被严格限定在820~760Ma区间内.碎屑锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄峰值出现在2.2~2.3Ga,2.6Ga和3.2~3.3Ga.综合本次工作及前人研究成果,表明阿克苏蓝片岩地体是塔里木早前寒武纪基底之上发育起来的大陆边缘岩浆弧.     

An Early Palaeozoic HP/HT granulite–garnet peridotite association in the south Altyn Tagh, NW China: P–T history and U-Pb geochronology

High‐pressure kyanite‐bearing felsic granulites in the Bashiwake area of the south Altyn Tagh (SAT) subduction–collision complex enclose mafic granulites and garnet peridotite‐hosted sapphirine‐bearing metabasites. The predominant felsic granulites are garnet + quartz + ternary feldspar (now perthite) rocks containing kyanite, plagioclase, biotite, rutile, spinel, corundum, and minor zircon and apatite. The quartz‐bearing mafic granulites contain a peak pressure assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + ternary feldspar (now mesoperthite) + quartz + rutile. The sapphirine‐bearing metabasites occur as mafic layers in garnet peridotite. Petrographical data suggest a peak assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + kyanite + rutile. Early kyanite is inferred from a symplectite of sapphirine + corundum + plagioclase ± spinel, interpreted to have formed during decompression. Garnet peridotite contains an assemblage of garnet + olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene. Thermobarometry indicates that all rock types experienced peak P–T conditions of 18.5–27.3 kbar and 870–1050 °C. A medium–high pressure granulite facies overprint (780–820 °C, 9.5–12 kbar) is defined by the formation of secondary clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene + plagioclase at the expense of garnet and early clinopyroxene in the mafic granulites, as well as by growth of spinel and plagioclase at the expense of garnet and kyanite in the felsic granulite. SHRIMP II zircon U‐Pb geochronology yields ages of 493 ± 7 Ma (mean of 11) from the felsic granulite, 497 ± 11 Ma (mean of 11) from sapphirine‐bearing metabasite and 501 ± 16 Ma (mean of 10) from garnet peridotite. Rounded zircon morphology, cathodoluminescence (CL) sector zoning, and inclusions of peak metamorphic minerals indicate these ages reflect HP/HT metamorphism. Similar ages determined for eclogites from the western segment of the SAT suggest that the same continental subduction/collision event may be responsible for HP metamorphism in both areas.     

藏东义敦地体早古生代构造格局：来自碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素的约束

位于藏东的义敦地体是研究青藏高原和古特提斯构造演化的关键区域,其在早古生代时期的古地理位置及构造演化过程尚不明确。沉积岩中碎屑锆石记录了物源区丰富的地质信息,被广泛应用于示踪沉积物源和古地理重建。本文对义敦地体三件下古生界浅变质沉积岩样品开展了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,结果显示：三件样品均具有“多峰”的碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,其U-Pb年龄主要集中在约2535～2350 Ma、约1000～900 Ma、约890～750 Ma和约590～520 Ma四个区间,对应的ε_Hf(t)值分别为-8.8～13.1、-11.8～10.0、-20.1～12.6和-27.6～6.1。综合本次研究结果和前人数据,提出义敦地体下古生界变沉积岩中约2535～2350 Ma和约890～750Ma年龄段的锆石主要来自邻区松潘-甘孜地体和华南地块,而约1000～900 Ma和约590～520 Ma年龄段的碎屑锆石主要源自东冈瓦纳大陆Rayner-Eastern Ghats、Prydz-Darling和Kuunga造山带的岩浆岩。对比该地层与区内新元古界碎屑岩及相...     

Late Cenozoic Tectonics Along the Northwestern Margin of the Tarim Basin: Interactions Between the Tarim Basin and the Southern Tian Shan, West China

LATE CENOZOIC TECTONICS ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE TARIM BASIN: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE TARIM BASIN AND THE SOUTHERN TIAN SHAN, WEST CHINAgrants 4 98340 50and 4 9732 0 90fromtheNSFofChina;;andproject96 913 0 7 0 1fromtheMinistryofSci enceandTechnology ,China…     

Growth and provenance of a Paleozoic subduction complex in the Broken River Province,Mossman Orogen: evidence from detrital zircon ages

A Paleozoic subduction complex dominates the Mossman Orogen developed at the northern extremity of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Its southern part, displayed in the Broken River Province, is characterised by dismembered ocean-plate stratigraphy in which turbidite-dominated packages and widespread tectonic mélange development are characteristic. The Broken River complex is characterised by formations with quartzose sandstone alternating with those largely formed of sandstone of more labile character. The two compositional groups are considered to reflect separate, age-significant sedimentary regimes, but their ages have hitherto been poorly constrained. With the use of 1082 concordant detrital zircon ages from 13 samples we provide age control for the complex and track its sedimentary provenance. Of quartzose units, the Tribute Hills Arenite and Pelican Range Formation are late Cambrian–Early Ordovician, and the Wairuna Formation is Middle to Late Ordovician, in age. The more labile units (Greenvale, Perry Creek and Kangaroo Hills formations) are collectively of late Silurian–mid-Devonian age. Development of the complex spanned some 130 Myr. Continent-derived sediment involved in accretion of much the complex, from mid-Ordovician to mid-Devonian, was largely sourced from a nearby magmatic arc of late Cambrian–Devonian age, now represented by granitoid plutons of the Macrossan and Pama igneous associations. An older far-field Pacific-Gondwana sediment source is characteristic of early-phase (late Cambrian–Early Ordovician) accretion, in common with sedimentary units of this age generally developed in the Tasmanides. We consider the complex to have grown largely by underplating that positioned younger components beneath those that are older, with out-of-sequence thrust interleaving of these components occurring late in the accretionary history. A Late Devonian contractional folding and cleavage development (Tabberabberan orogenesis) is uniformly expressed across the entire complex and reflects an abrupt change in plate engagement with imposition of a compressional stress regime.     

Petrography and geochemistry of the Lopingian (upper Permian)-Lower Triassic strata in the southern Junggar and Turpan basins,NW China: implications for weathering,provenance, and palaeogeography

ABSTRACT

This study investigates three Lopingian (upper Permian)-Lower Triassic terrestrial successions in northwest China, namely the Urumqi and Jimsar sections in the southern Junggar Basin (SJB), and the Taodonggou section in the Turpan Basin (TB). Stratigraphy studies suggest that, in all three sections, the Lopingian-Lower Triassic strata are represented by mixed fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The lithofacies and geochemical indicators (CIA, PIA) suggest that, in all three sections, the Wutonggou Formation (Wuchiapingian) was deposited under subhumid conditions. The Guodikeng Formation (Changhsingian-early Induan) represents subhumid to semiarid conditions. The Jiucaiyuan and Shaofanggou formations (mid-to-late Induan to Olenekian) in the SJB show highly variable subhumid-semiarid conditions, while the two formations in the TB display early episode of fluctuating subhumid-semiarid and later semiarid-arid conditions. Within each section, all four formations display similar petrographic and geochemical characteristics, suggesting consistency in provenance during deposition. However, the provenance characteristics of the Urumqi and Jimsar sections differ from those of the Taodonggou section. Relative to the Taogonggou section, the two sections in the SJB contain more felsic and recycled sedimentary components. This suggests that the greater Junggar-Turpan Basin was in a partitioned setting during the Lopingian-Early Triassic, when different subbasins have relatively independent provenance systems.     

东海晚中生代岩浆弧与陆缘汇聚作用：碎屑锆石U- Pb年代约束

晚中生代是古太平洋板块俯冲东亚大陆的重要时期,也是华南大陆构造-岩浆活动的重要时期。本文通过东海陆架盆地紧邻海礁隆起ECSs611钻井的渐新统花港组(1626～1638m)砂岩和白垩系(1638～1689m)砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素和微量元素等研究,获得了～163Ma和～120Ma两期岩浆-变质事件的锆石U-Pb年龄记录。两期岩浆锆石均具有结晶温度低(556～732℃)、流体活动元素U富集(含量82×10~(-6)～3412×10~(-6))及高场强元素Nb亏损(含量0.6×10~(-6)～13.8×10~(-6))等特点,它们形成于岩浆弧构造环境。与洋壳锆石相比,两期岩浆锆石元素Y含量(371×10~(-6)～2700×10~(-6))和U/Yb比值(0.2～6.7)偏低,指示其属于大陆锆石类型。其它碎屑锆石年龄(如2.5～2.4Ga,1.7～1.6Ga,320 Ma和256～207 Ma)与华南大陆主要构造事件一致,初步认为东海海礁隆起应属于华南大陆(华夏地块)东延的部分。如果将海礁-虎皮礁隆起作为晚侏罗世至早白垩世岩浆弧一部分,与东海福州凹陷弧前盆地和西南日本至台湾俯冲增生杂岩等单元联结起来,区域上可构成受古太平洋板块俯冲控制的晚中生代东亚大陆边缘构造轮廓,即岩浆弧→弧前盆地→俯冲增生杂岩。     

Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂陷高潮与裂-坳转换:来自塔里木西北缘阿克苏地区碎屑锆石的制约

阿克苏地区位于塔里木地块西北缘,是研究Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂解过程的关键地区.在阿克苏地区裂谷序列中,发育有不整合面.通过对阿克苏地区巧恩布拉克组、尤尔美那克组和苏盖特布拉克组碎屑锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,对Rodinia超大陆裂谷期不整合面的形成时间、不整合面上下地层的物源变化以及不整合面的构造...     

西秦岭造山带徽县-成县盆地早白垩世沉积物源分析——锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学的约束

运用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb方法,对徽县-成县盆地下白垩统田家坝组花岗岩砾石和周家湾组、鸡山组砂岩中的锆石进行U-Pb年龄测定,分别获得了25组、89组和123组U-Pb有效年龄。结果表明：田家坝组花岗岩砾石年龄有2期,分别是210.8Ma±0.6Ma和218.8Ma±1.8Ma,与前人测得的迷坝岩体的年龄一致。周家湾组砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在186~240Ma和629~1182Ma 2个区间,而鸡山组砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在179~233Ma、305~459Ma和632~1281Ma 3个区间,表明物源区存在差异。综合分析锆石的U-Pb年龄数据,认为田家坝组物源主要来自于盆地南缘的迷坝岩体。周家湾组物源除迷坝岩体外,大量元古宙地层为其提供了沉积物。少量石炭系和泥盆系—奥陶系则成为鸡山组的次要物源区。碎屑锆石年龄结果还表明,徽成盆地南缘没有沉积下三叠统—二叠系,徽成盆地南部地区在207 Ma(206 Ma)、448Ma(428Ma)、791 Ma(874Ma)等发育多期岩浆活动,915Ma(910Ma)发生区域变质作用。周家湾组1个太古宙碎屑锆石年龄和已有的研究成果,有力地证明了西秦岭造山带存在新太古代基底。     

西秦岭造山带徽县-成县盆地早白垩世沉积物源分析——锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学的约束

运用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb方法,对徽县-成县盆地下白垩统田家坝组花岗岩砾石和周家湾组、鸡山组砂岩中的锆石进行U-Pb年龄测定,分别获得了25组、89组和123组U-Pb有效年龄。结果表明：田家坝组花岗岩砾石年龄有2期,分别是210.8Ma±0.6Ma和218.8Ma±1.8Ma,与前人测得的迷坝岩体的年龄一致。周家湾组砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在186~240Ma和629~1182Ma 2个区间,而鸡山组砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在179~233Ma、305~459Ma和632~1281Ma 3个区间,表明物源区存在差异。综合分析锆石的U-Pb年龄数据,认为田家坝组物源主要来自于盆地南缘的迷坝岩体。周家湾组物源除迷坝岩体外,大量元古宙地层为其提供了沉积物。少量石炭系和泥盆系—奥陶系则成为鸡山组的次要物源区。碎屑锆石年龄结果还表明,徽成盆地南缘没有沉积下三叠统—二叠系,徽成盆地南部地区在207 Ma(206 Ma)、448Ma(428Ma)、791 Ma(874Ma)等发育多期岩浆活动,915Ma(910Ma)发生区域变质作用。周家湾组1个太古宙碎屑锆石年龄和已有的研究成果,有力地证明了西秦岭造山带存在新太古代基底。     

Sedimentary record of Triassic intraplate extension in North China: evidence from the nonmarine NW Ordos Basin, Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan

The Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan of the NW Ordos basin, China, contain thick (up to 4 km) sequences of nonmarine Triassic strata. These rocks represent a major intraplate sedimentary basin, the paleogeography, tectonic setting and provenance of which are poorly understood and controversial. Studies of the sedimentary geology of the basin, supported by new palinspastic reconstruction of younger deformation, demonstrate that the basin filled from three sides by fluvial, lacustrine-deltaic and alluvial fan depositional systems. The basin forms a westward-thickening wedge that reaches its maximum thickness along the western margin of the Helan Shan and thins to a relatively constant 600–800 m east of the Zhuozi Shan. The stratigraphy of the basin is strongly asymmetric; alluvial fan strata are restricted to the extreme western margin of the basin and interfinger with axial fluvial deposits low in the section and deep lacustrine facies high in the section. Much of the eastern part of the basin is dominated by west-flowing meandering river and deltaic systems. Large structures of Triassic age have not been identified in the Helan Shan or Zhuozi Shan, but small Triassic normal faults have been documented in the western and central Helan Shan. These characteristics most strongly support an extensional origin for the Triassic basin in NW Ordos. The basin is interpreted to have been a north-trending half graben, bound along its western margin by an east-dipping normal fault, presently concealed beneath Quaternary cover west of the Helan Shan. The eastern margin, now found in the Zhuozi Shan, has simple ramp-margin geometry. Driving mechanisms for this extension are not obvious due to limited documentation of Triassic structure throughout the region, but probably relate to far-field stresses from the Qinling or Jinsha active margins interacting with the stable Ordos block.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Early Permian Pyroclastic Rocks in the Jimunai Basin,West Junggar,Xinjiang(NW China): Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

During the Late Paleozoic, West Junggar(Xinjiang, NW China) experienced a shift in tectonic setting from compression to extension. Ha'erjiao is an important area for investigating collisional structures, post–collisional structures, and magmatic activities. Based on the petrological and geochemical characteristics of pyroclastic and other volcanic rocks in the Permian Kalagang Formation from the borehole ZKH1205 in the Jimunai Basin, the main types of source rock for the pyroclastic rocks deposited in the basin are identified and their implications for the Early Permian tectonic setting examined. The abundance of basalt and andesite lithic fragments in the pyroclastic rocks, together with the REE characteristics and the contents of transition and high field strength elements show that the source rocks were chiefly intermediate–basic volcanic rocks. High ICV values, low CIA values, low Rb/Sr ratios, low Th/U ratios and the mineralogical features suggest weak chemical weathering of the source rocks; the geochemical patterns of the pyroclastic rocks might not only have been impacted by crustal contamination but also might be related to the nature of the magma from the source area. The geochemical properties of the pyroclastic rocks distinguish them from arc-related ones, and such samples plot in the within-plate basalt(WPB) field in some diagrams. This is consistent with the formation background of the Early Permian volcanic rocks in this region.     

叠合型不整合结构与油气分布样式：以塔中石炭系东河砂岩为例

探讨了东河砂岩三级层序界面处发育的不整合结构在空间上有序分布所造成油气的差异运聚。将东河砂岩划分为底部不整合上覆层、原状输导层、风化残余层、风化黏土层、顶部不整合上覆层和区域盖层6类成藏结构单元。成藏结构单元在塔中西北地区和塔中东南地区组成不同,构成两类7种不整合成藏结构样式。两类成藏结构样式分别对应两类的油气藏组合:(1)在塔中地区西北部成藏结构单元被分隔,油气沿东河砂岩段顶部风化黏土层及盖层底部发生运移,形成不整合遮挡型油气藏组合,包括不整合上覆层背斜油气藏、不整合上覆层岩性油气藏和风化残余层低幅背斜油气藏3种油气藏;(2)在东南地区成藏结构单元之间发生连通,油气底部不整合上覆层和盖层底部向隆起部位侧向输导,形成不整合连通型油气藏组合,包括连通型背斜油气藏和连通型地层超覆油气藏2种油气藏。这为东河砂岩的进一步勘探开发提供了指导。     

塔里木块体北部泥盆—石炭纪陆缘构造演化:盆地充填序列与物源体系约束

陆缘洋-陆转换或盆-山转换复杂多变,沉积作用活跃,但迄今认识有限。文中基于对陆块和造山带地层格架的梳理和建立,选择塔里木块体北缘与南天山之间两条较完整的泥盆—石炭系典型剖面开展盆地与沉积序列研究。泥盆纪—早石炭世维宪早期发育碱性玄武岩、放射虫硅质岩和浊积岩,而早石炭世维宪晚期—晚石炭世发育序列清晰的中厚层状碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩及其混合沉积组合,指示洋-陆转换已经发生。进一步重点分析了其中砂岩碎屑重矿物样品19个、碎屑锆石同位素年代学(U-Pb及Hf)样品12个,结合砂岩骨架组分特征综合解析了物源体系与构造演变机制。研究表明,泥盆纪—早石炭世维宪早期,塔里木块体北缘东部发育不稳定和差异显著的碎屑组合,并具有接近地层年龄的碎屑锆石,指示了由南向北相对近距离的源汇体系、活动陆缘和混杂沉积的特征;而西部砂岩呈现的较高的成分成熟度和来自塔里木陆块相当数量的锆石年代学特征,则具有被动大陆边缘沉积属性。早石炭世维宪晚期—晚石炭世,塔里木块体北缘东部成分成熟度增高,并出现了一定数量的来自塔里木陆块的碎屑锆石,以及相当部分390~460Ma锆石的εHf(t)显示特征的正值,具有主体再旋回混合造山带的物源构造属性、中-近距离源-汇体系和残留海沉积特征;而在塔里木块体北缘西部,较之前更加明显的较高砂岩成分成熟度和来自塔里木陆块的大量锆石年代学特征,说明具有远距离源汇体系特征,可能指示了更加广阔的残留洋或残留海沉积。这说明尽管南天山洋在早石炭世维宪期以后已经关闭,但直到晚石炭世仍未明显造山。塔里木块体北缘东、西部泥盆—石炭纪陆缘构造及相关盆地系统演化存在显著差异,是中亚地区陆缘裂解、多岛洋闭合、(微)陆块聚合复杂性的体现。     

库车坳陷却勒地区新生代盐构造特征、演化及变形控制因素

本文利用野外地质调查结果、遥感资料、地震资料和钻、测井数据,建立了两条库车坳陷却勒地区的区域大剖面,约束却勒地区盐构造特征和演化,分析东、西段变形差异及差异形成过程,探讨构造变形控制因素。却勒地区发育的盐构造样式主要有盐底辟、盐焊接、盐撤凹陷、大型盐推覆体、外来盐席、盐枕、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱,其中,盐撤凹陷、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱仅发育于东段,造成东、西段构造变形差异。却勒地区盐构造分为3期:①渐新世—中新世吉迪克期为构造平静期,发育盐撤凹陷和盐底辟;②中新世康村期—上新世早期构造挤压微弱,发生早期褶皱作用,却勒盐丘继续发育,北部盐底辟中新世末停止发育;③上新世晚期—现今发生大规模逆冲推覆,是褶皱-冲断带主要形成时期,发育大型盐撤凹陷、外来盐席、盐推覆构造、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱。却勒地区东、西段盐构造变形差异主要形成于上新世晚期—现今(第3期)。喀拉玉尔滚右旋走滑断层为薄皮构造,调节了却勒地区东、西段前缘的变形差异。却勒地区构造变形主要受控于盐岩沉积范围、区域构造应力及强度、上覆层应变强度和差异负载(沉积负载和局部构造负载)。