中国东部新生代玄武岩中巨晶矿物的地球化学

本文对安徽女山、河北汉诺坝和广东普宁碱性玄武岩中的单斜辉石和角闪石巨晶进行了主要元素、稀土元素、微量元天和Ｓｒ＿Ｎｄ同位素的综合分析。数据显示产出于３个研究区的单斜辉石巨晶有３类：Ａｌ普通辉石、透辉石和Ｆｅ＿Ｎａ透辉石。普宁地区的角闪石巨晶乃世界上罕见的绿钙闪石巨晶。女山和普宁的单斜辉石和角闪石巨晶是碱性玄武岩浆在幔源高压下的结晶产物；汉诺坝的单斜辉石巨晶既可以是碱性玄武岩浆又可以是拉斑玄武岩浆的高压结晶体。所有巨晶相对于寄主岩者属于偶然捕掳晶。巨晶的形成符合“流动结晶模式”。它们与共存的橄榄岩色体无成因     

南海新生代碱性玄武岩中钛闪石的地球化学特征

南海新生代碱性玄武岩中发育有角闪石捕虏晶。本文以南海新生代碱性玄武岩中的钛闪石为研究对象,对钛闪石的地球化学特征以及形成条件进行了研究,并探讨其地质意义。研究表明钛闪石是岩浆早期高压结晶的产物,其高Ti富Al,Mg#平均为0.68,形成于幔源岩浆中,成分相对于寄主岩为捕虏晶,其主微量元素的成分范围以及微量元素的配分形式与碱性玄武岩中的巨晶角闪石以及捕虏体中的脉状角闪石一致。根据其主量元素的含量,我们计算出了钛闪石形成的温压条件以及结晶深度。按结晶深度钛闪石可分为两期,一期结晶深度较大(35.09~43.74 km),位于岩石圈底部,形成压力在1019~1305 MPa,温度在1049~1066℃;另一期结晶深度相对较小(27.20~27.29 km),位于岩石圈中下部,形成压力在759~771MPa,温度在1031~1078℃。钛闪石是岩浆形成早期在不同深度发生分离结晶的结果,可能记录了导致南海新生代玄武岩由拉斑玄武岩向碱性玄武岩转变的岩石圈变厚的趋势。     

鲁西地区新生代周村玄武岩的成因研究

山东地区新生代玄武岩主要分布在郯庐断裂带及其以东地区,在鲁西地区分布较少。本文报道了鲁西地区周村玄武岩的全岩主、微量元素组成、橄榄石斑晶及其熔体包裹体Pb同位素组成。结果表明,周村玄武岩为弱碱性玄武岩,其主量元素具有较高SiO_2和Al_2O_3,较低碱(Na_2O+K_2O)、CaO/Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3~T(Fe_2O_3~T=Fe O/0.8998+Fe_2O_3)的特征;微量元素在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上与EMI洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似,表现为明显的Ba、K和Sr正异常,Th和Pb负异常,无Nb、Ta和Ti异常;熔体包裹体~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(206)Pb分别为0.894~0.921和2.166~2.213,略高于EMI-OIB。这些特征和鲁西地区无棣大山玄武岩有明显区别,但与山东其它地区的弱碱性-拉斑玄武岩相似。周村玄武岩的橄榄石斑晶Ni、Fe/Mn和Ca分别为1403~2611μg/g,70~93和824~2003μg/g。与橄榄岩熔体结晶的橄榄石成分相比,给定橄榄石Fo值,周村玄武岩橄榄石斑晶具有高Ni和Fe/Mn比值,低Ca的特征。结合全岩低CaO和高FeO/MnO比值,橄榄石成分指示周村玄武岩的源区岩性为辉石岩,其形成需要高比例的来自再循环地壳的英安质熔体交代地幔橄榄岩。高比例的英安质熔体和周村玄武岩的微量元素特征,进一步说明该再循环地壳为含辉长岩洋壳。本文的研究结果暗示山东地区弱碱性-拉斑玄武岩的源区辉石岩,主要与再循环洋壳有关。     

Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Neogene Basalts in Eastern Anhui

The basalt terrain of the Neogene Huangguoshan and. Guiwu Formations of eastern Anhui on the east side of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault belt is one of a few Cenozoic basalt terrains in eastern China for which detailed geochemical study has not been conducted. This paper reports the abundances of major elements and more than 20 trace elements (including REE) of 22 samples and the Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions of 11 samples from the eastern Anhui basalt terrain, thus more or less systematically revealing the geochemical characteristics of this continental basalt suite. The paper discusses the origin of the basalt suite and the character and process of its mantle source. The basalt suite was derived from a heterogeneous continental lithospheric mantle with end members characteristic of the EMI-type oceanic basalt mantle, which was affected by mantle metasomatism (or enrichment of trace elements) and was characterized by a multi-stage evolution under open conditions.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Central Lebombo Basalts of the Karoo Igneous Province

Three distinet basaltic rock types are recognized on the basisof detailed new analyses in the eastern zone (central Lebombo)of the Karoo Igneous Province. The high titanium and zirconiumgroup is composed of low-Fe (henceforth called simply high Ti-Zrbasalts) and high-Fe (henceforth called ‘high-Fe’)varieties and distinguished from the low titanium and zirconiumgroup by 2–4 times greater abundances of Ti, P, Zr, Nb,Y, La, Ce, and Nd (high field strength elements; HFSE), as wellas higher but more variable abundances of K, Rb, Ba, and Sr,All rock types are interbedded to some degree, although thehigh Ti-Zr type (low-Fe) predominates at the base of the sectionand the ‘high-Fe’ type occurs mostly at the topof the section. Stratigraphic relationships show that the highTi-Zr basalts to the south within a distance of 60 km. Eruptionof each rock type from replenished, tapped, and fractionatedmagma chambers can account for much of the major and trace elementvariation within each suite, with the notable exceptions ofthe large ion lithophile elements (LILE; K, Rb, and Ba) andSr. Neither crystal fractionation nor contamination with graniticcrust can produce the variations between the basalt types anddoes not appear to affect significantly the geochemistry withinany basalt type. The North Lebombo high Ti-Zr picrites are themost likely parent magmas to the high Ti-Zr low-MgO group. Considerationof previous studies of the picrites suggested that the highTi-Zr picrite geochemistry requires a mixed source or the mixingof two picrite endmember magmas discriminated on the basis ofdegree of incompatible element enrichment. At least one of theendmembers must be within, or derived from, sub-continentallithospheric mantle. The low-MgO high Ti-Zr basalt geochemistryis consistent with evolution from a picritic parent with abouta 30–44 wt. % mantle lithospheric component. In contrast,the low Ti-Zr basalt group parental composition is outside thecompositional range suggested for the high Ti-Zr picrite endmembers,being more depleted in incompatible elements (e.g., Ti, P, Zr,Nb, LREE, and LILE). Again, by analogy with possible picriticparents, this group may segregate from a source more depletedin incompatible elements than a mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)source, leaving a harzburgitic residue. The ‘high-Fe’basalt group is very evolved (e.g., MgO <5%) but may stillbe constrained by Nd-isotope and Zr/Y ratios to have a mantlesource geochemically similar to that from which the Walvis Ridgebasalts were derived. If a mantle plume contributed to basaltgeochemistry significantly, then the late-stage ‘high-Fe’basalts represent this component most closely.     

华南震旦纪基性火山岩的地球化学及构造环境

华南地区产于震旦纪地层中的火山岩主要见于震旦纪裂谷盆地两侧的边缘,湖南新化和广东高思火山岩为其中的二个发育地区,镜下鉴定为玄武岩系。在ＳｉＯ２－Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ的分类图中主要为玄武岩类,有一样品为碧玄岩类,含有较多石英杏仁体玻璃质火山岩角砾的样品为玄武质安山岩类。在ＦｅＯ＊－Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ－ＭｇＯ三角图中所有样品均为拉斑质岩系。样品的重元素丰度模式具大陆－初始裂谷－Ｅ－ＭＯＲＢ拉斑玄武岩的过渡特征,在Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ、Ｔｉ图上属板内环境。在ＴｉＯ２－Ｋ２Ｏ－Ｐ２Ｏ５三角图上显示以大洋环境为主、大陆环境为次。湖南新化拉斑玄武岩的Ｓｍ、Ｎｄ同位素特征反映岩浆来源于亏损的地幔,并受到了老基底的污染。     

Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Basalts from Mongolia: Evidence for the Role of Asthenospheric versus Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle Sources

Diffuse Cenozoic volcanism in Mongolia forms part of a widespreadtectono-magmatic province that extends from NE China to LakeBaikal, Siberia. Mafic lavas from the Gobi Altai, southern Mongolia(     

Flood Basalts and Lunar Petrogenesis

The popular interpretation of lunar maria, as sequences of primarypicritic flood basalts derived by remelting a mantle that hadaccumulated from a global magma ocean, has many unsatisfactoryaspects. The expertise of Keith Cox would have been valuablein their interpretation. KEY WORDS: europium anomaly; Io; magma ocean; mare basalt; picrite; quench crystal; regolith     

中国中-东部地区新生代玄武岩的分布规律与面积汇总

利用图像处理技术,对中国中-东部地区地质图进行新生代玄武岩的像素提取,并叠加在高精度地貌图上,统计了
该地区陆地出露的新生代玄武岩的总面积和分区面积。结果表明：（1） 我国中-东部地区新生代玄武岩总面积为78
525 km2;（2） 以东部新生代盆地为界,盆地以西的中部地区新生代玄武岩面积为35 487 km2,盆地以东的东部地区新生代
玄武岩面积为43 038 km2,两边面积比为45:55;（3） 按时代划分,中国中-东部新生代玄武岩随时代变新分布面积递
增,S古近纪∶S新近纪∶S第四纪为0.36:21.65:77.99;（4） 中部地区的新生代玄武岩主要分布在北方,由北至南包括三个主要出露
区,分别为松辽盆地以西的大兴安岭地区(7334 km2)、锡林郭勒地区（13 843 km2） 和华北北缘（14 310 km2）;（5） 东部地
区新生代玄武岩的分布范围更广,从黑龙江一直到海南岛,也可以分为三个区,包括松辽盆地以东的东北地区（33 324 km2）、从
山东到福建零星分布的华东地区（1707 km2） 以及位于海南岛和雷州半岛的雷琼地区（8007 km2）;（6） 总体看,我国中-东
部地区新生代玄武岩主要分布在北方,如以山东省为界,北方玄武岩面积达69 191 km2,南方玄武岩面积达9334 km2,北南之
比为88∶12。     

中国东南新生代玄武岩中麻粒岩相捕虏体的新发现及其意义

本文报道了在中国东南地区女山、桂子山、西垄和麒麟等地新生代玄武岩中新发现的麻粒岩相捕虏体。研究显示女山存在多种岩石类型的捕虏体,其中本次研究新发现的石榴子石麻粒岩与二辉麻粒岩在矿物化学和形成条件上明显不同。石榴子石麻粒岩的次透辉石（富Al2O3,Na2O)、紫苏辉石（富Al2O3) 形成于较深（＞40km)的下地壳,厚的地壳和较低的地温梯度（20－24℃/km)表明当时女山处于相对稳定的克拉通环境;女山二辉麻粒岩的次透辉石和紫苏辉石（贫Al2O3,Na2O)形成于较高地温梯度（31－34℃/km）的构造背景,指示当时女山处于活动大陆边缘或裂谷环境。复杂的岩石类型和不同的形成条件表明女山的下地壳是由多期岩浆活动的产物组成。广东麒麟和雷州的二辉麻粒岩的次透辉石以低Al2O3和低Na2O为特征,温压估算显示它们形成于较浅部（23－27km)和高地温梯度的地质背景,指示当时华南处在强烈的拉张减薄的构造环境。浙江西垄和新昌的麻粒岩捕虏体的矿物学特征和形成条件介于女山和广东的麻粒岩捕虏体之间。女山麻粒岩捕虏体的岩石组合和形成条件与华北太古代麻粒岩地体和汉诺坝麻粒岩捕虏体相似,而与华南的明显不同,表明女山的下地壳隶属于华北板块。在华南沿海从北到南基性麻粒岩的发现,显示中生代基性岩浆的底侵作用普遍存在。     

Petrogenesis of Potassic Basalts from Northeast China: New Constraints from Trace Elements in Olivine

<正>This study used trace elements in olivine as a new petrogenetic indicator to further constrain the petrogenesis of potassic basalts from the Erkeshan-Wudalianchi-KeluoXiaogulihe potassic volcanic field(EWKX for short)in the Songliao Basin of NE China,with a combination of the previous olivine and whole-rock geochemical data.We     

Petrogenesis of Evolved Basalts and Rhyolites at Austurhorn, Southeastern Iceland: the Role of Fractional Crystallization

The Austurhorn intrusive complex in southeastern Iceland representsthe evolved hypabyssal remains of an eroded Tertiary (6–7Ma) central volcano. The complex consists of a layered gabbrointrusion, a composite granophyric stock, and abundant maficand felsic dikes. Mineralogical and geochemical trends amongcontemporaneous, compositionally diverse liquids from the complexprovide insight into the genesis of evolved basalts and rhyolitesin Iceland that are difficult to infer from studies of onlylavas. Mafic and felsic samples have comparable ranges in incompatibletrace element ratios (Ba/La and P/Ce) and Sr- and Pb-isotopes(O'Nions and Pankhurst, 1973; B. Hanan, pers. comm., 1988),suggesting derivation from a common parental composition. Majorand trace element variations throughout the Austurhorn suiteare consistent with fractional crystallization of the observedphenocrysts. Quartz-normative basalts were derived from parentalbasalt containing 7.8 wt.% MgO by extensive low-pressure crystallizationof olivine, augite, plagioclase, magnetite, and ilmenite. Thefractionating assemblage is consistent with the observed mineralogyof associated gabbro. Moreover, the cumulus mineralogy of thegabbro provides evidence for fractionation processes in a compositionalinterval not represented by dikes and sills (i.e., 54–63wt.% SiO₂).Diversity among the mafic dikes reflects severaladditional factors: (1) crystallization under conditions ofvariable oxygen fugacity; (2) separate mantle melting eventsthat produce different Ce/Yb values; (3) contamination of somemafic dikes at depth, presumably by interaction with felsicmagmas. Major and trace element trends among most felsic samples canbe modeled by fractionation of the observed mineral phases:plagioclase, K-feldspar, clinopyroxene, ilmenite, apatite, allanite,and zircon. Although crustal melting has been proposed for generatingIcelandic rhyolites, most Austurhorn felsic samples are unlikeliquids derived by melting of hydrated basalts. In particular,apatite and zircon have controlled the abundances of Zr, Hf,and the REE in the felsic rocks, but they are unlikely to beresidual phases during partial melting of basalt. One felsicdike, interpreted as a melt of an evolved source, shows petrographicevidence of in situ anatexis and also has anomalous trace elementabundances and unusually high ₂₀₆Pb/₂₀₄Pb.     

南海新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石地球化学特征 及其地质意义

南海新生代玄武岩中发育有大量的单斜辉石斑晶,与橄榄石、角闪石等斑晶共存,多数被熔蚀,呈浑圆状,部分发育有很窄的反应边。研究表明单斜辉石具有巨晶的特征,是在高压下在与寄主岩同源的岩浆中形成,没有经历长时间的沉淀生长而直接向上运移被带到地表,因而具有巨晶的主量及微量元素的特征却不具有巨晶的形态。单斜辉石稀土元素含量不高,HREE及LREE亏损,而MREE富集;大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Sr均出现明显的亏损,高场强元素Nb、Zr出现亏损而Hf略富集。Nb、Ta与Zr、Hf分馏明显。Th较为富集,而Pb强烈亏损,U的变化范围较大。研究发现南海新生代玄武岩中的单斜辉石的来源较为简单,为地幔柱的直接产物,并没有受到洋中脊—地幔柱相互作用的影响,由于岩浆上升速度较快压力迅速下降,橄榄石大量晶出,引起了岩浆成分的变化,致使单斜辉石与寄主岩成分和结构上没有达到平衡。     

柯坪玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学、Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成与岩石成因

柯坪玄武岩位于塔里木板块西缘,产于下二叠统库普库兹曼组和开派兹雷克组中。岩石化学组成以富集TFeO、TiO2、P2O5和SiO2不饱和为特征。大部分样品属碱性玄武岩系列,个别属拉斑玄武岩系列。它们的稀土元素和微量元素显示了板内拉张环境玄武岩的地球化学特征。εNd(t)=-1.73～-3．69,εSr(t)= 27．56～ 56．87,^206Pb／^204Pb=17．87～18．02,^207Pb／^204Pb=15．45～15．53,^208Pb／^204Pb=38．22～38．49。Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成证明柯坪玄武岩源自于前寒武纪的富集型大陆岩石圈地幔。而且,这种情况在塔里木盆地及周缘地区十分发育的镁铁质岩浆岩中具有广泛的代表性。据此,可以将新疆南部和北部划分为两个明显不同的同位素地球化学省。南部省以富集型地幔的同位素组成为特征,而北部省以亏损型地幔的同位素组成为特征。分属于这两个省的古生代晚期阶段岩浆岩有可能不是同一个地质过程的产物。     

Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Pillow Basalts in Western Karamay from West Junggar, NW China

<正>Recently,we carried out the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41303027)and focused on pillow basalts in western Karamay from West Junggar.The detailed geological survey at a scale of 1:500 distinguished an assemblage of accretionary complex in western Karamay.The accretionary complex consists of     

Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications of Late Cenozoic Basalts in North Queensland, Australia: Trace-element and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Evidence

Radiogenic isotopic (Sr–Nd–Pb) and trace-elementcompositions of late Cenozoic basalts from two discrete geographicalregions in North Queensland, Australia, can be used to identifycontributions from geochemically distinctive mantle source components.The North Queensland basalts have positive     

峨眉山大火成岩省“高钛玄武岩”和“低钛玄武岩”成因探讨

大量的岩石化学资料分析表明，峨眉山大火成岩省玄武岩的TiO2含量是连续变化的，不存在明显的间断。野外地质特征表明高钛和低钛玄武岩既不存在空间分带，也不存在时间分带。其Sr、Nd和Pb同位素组成也没有明显的区别，推测它们可能是同源岩浆分离结晶的产物。根据MgO和TiO2的相关关系，可将苦橄岩和玄武岩的演化划分为4个趋势，并采用分离结晶模式对其进行了成因模拟，表明高钛和低钛玄武岩是同—母岩浆(苦橄—玄武岩浆)通过不同矿物相分离结晶的产物。     

内蒙古新生代玄武岩年代学初步研究

对内蒙地区新生代玄武岩进行了系统的钾氩法年代学研究。其中赤峰岩区采样14个，集宁岩区15个，阿巴嗄岩区21个。年龄测定用MM1200B质谱计进行。^40Ar和^38Ar的测定误差为0．1－0．05％，^36Ar为1－5％。年龄测定误差一般为5－10％（1σ）。结果表明，该区新生代玄武岩活动在渐新世33－28Ma首先从赤峰和集宁两岩区开始，并逐步向西北方向依次扩展到阿巴嘎北部台地喷发结束。至于阿中巴嘎南部台地则一直延续至更新世0．33Ma左右喷发才告终。     

西昆仑阿克萨依铁矿二长花岗岩岩石成因及动力学背景:年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

对甜水海地块东北部阿克萨依矽卡岩型铁矿区内与矿化有关的二长花岗岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究,旨在厘定花岗岩的形成时代、岩石成因及成矿动力学背景.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,二长花岗岩侵位年龄为12.37±0.18 Ma(中新...     

新疆阿吾拉勒山西段下二叠统陆相火山岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及构造背景

新疆阿吾拉勒山西段是伊犁石炭-二叠纪裂谷的重要组成部分,本文对该区下二叠统典型的双峰式玄武岩-流纹岩组合进行了系统的岩相学和岩石地球化学研究。岩石整体高Na2O、高Al2O3、低TiO2、富碱。玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、LREE和P,亏损高场强元素Th、U、Ta、Nb。粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、LREE、高场强元素Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti和P。玄武安山玢岩的蛛网图与粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩较为一致,但少量元素的特征与玄武岩相似。玄武岩浆来源于弱亏损地幔,并受到了下地壳物质的混染,而玄武安山玢岩、粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩则可能来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。双峰式火山岩的形成可能与上地幔玄武岩浆的底侵作用有关。裂谷演化导致的陆相火山活动持续到早二叠世晚期达到顶峰,中二叠世以后,构造环境由拉伸转为挤压,裂谷演化趋于终止。该区石炭纪末-早二叠世的裂谷活动与整个天山地区晚古生代的构造演化背景具有一致性。