湖南桃源、慈利一带的晚寒武世地层及三叶虫序列

<正> 湘西北武陵山南麓,沿桃源、慈利两县边界的长约40km、宽10余km的范围内,寒武纪地层广泛出露。层序完整,尤以上寒武统发育为佳,为一套斜坡相的碳酸盐岩组成的地层,含丰富的过渡型三叶虫动物群。1965年湖南区测队曾在桃源汤家溪测制剖面,对本区的寒武系做过初步划分。1980年,笔者在慈利沈家湾和桃源瓦儿岗详测了两条上寒武     

Review Section

Teodorovich, G. I., A CONTRIBUTION ON THE ORIGIN OF LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES¹ Transactions of. the Petroleum Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vol. V, 1955 Translated by Mark Burgunker.

Strakhov, N. M., Brodskaya, N. G., Knyaseva, L. M., Razzhivina, A. N. Rateev, M. A., Sapozhnikiv, D. G., and E. S. Shishova. FORMATION OF SEDIMENTS IN RECENT BASINS: A symposium, Moscow, 1954. 791pp. A review by George V. Chilingar, University of Southern California.     

Book Reviews

Varlakov, A. S., Metamorfizm v svyazi s diabazami v rayone Bakal'skogo rudnogo polya [METAMORPHISM IN CONNECTION WITH DIABASES IN THE BAKAL ORE FIELD DISTRICT]: Nedra Press, Moscow, 1967. 143 pp., 32 tables, 49 figs., 95 refs. NK 67-15(14).

Fatsii i usloviya formirovaniya nefteproizvodyshchikh svit [FACIES AND CONDITIONS OF ORIGIN OF THE SOURCE ROCK SUITES]: IGiRGI, AN SSSR and MNP SSSR. G. I. Teodorovich, Executive Editor. Ten papers by 15 authors. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 180 pp., 4 tables, 44 figs., 320 refs. NK 66-11 (42).

Predovskiy, A. A., Petrov, V. P., and Belyayev, 0.A., Geokhimiya rudnykh elementov metamorficheskikh seriy dokembriya (na primere Severnogo Priladozh'ya) [GEOCHEMISTRY OF ORE ELEMENTS IN PRECAMBRIAN METAMORPHIC SERIES, AS IN TERRITORY ABUTTING ON LAKE LADOGA FROM THE NORTH]: Nauka Press, Leningrad division, 1967. 139 pp., 22 tables, 30 figs., 92 refs. SK 67-1 (289).

Karyakin, A. E., and Smirnova, V. A., Struktury khrustal'nykh poley [STRUCTURES OF CRYSTAL-QUARTZ FIELDS]: Nedra Press, Moscow, 1967. 240 pp., 37 tables, 90 figs., 164 refs. NK 67-17 (16).

Metallogeniya i magmatizm Tyan' Shanya [METALLOGENY AND MAGMATISM OF TIEN SHAN]: A. A. Konyuk, Executive Editor. Twelve papers by 19 authors. IG, AN Kir SSR. “Ilim” Press, Frunze, 1967. 174pp., 14 tables, 15 figs., 121 refs. NK 67-35 (36). By Dr. V.P. Sokoloff

Geologiya i metallogeniya Uspenskoy tektonickeskoy zony (Tsentral'nyy Kazakhstan) [GEOLOGY AND METALLOGENY OF USPENSKAYA TECTONIC ZONE (CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN]: in six volumes. R. A. Borukayev and G. N. Shcherba, Editors. Vol. 1 - Geologiya Uspenskoy zony [GEOLOGY OF USPENSKAYA ZONE]: 372 pp., 58 figs., 33 tables, 143 refs. Vol. 2 - Mestorozhdeniya chernykh i redkikh metallov [FERROUS AND RARE METALS DEPOSITS]: 302 pp., 68 figs., 57 tables, 166 refs. Vol. 3 - Mestorozhdeniya tsvetnykh metallov [NON-FERROUS METALS DEPOSITS]: 261 pp., 66 figs., 36 tables, 163 refs. Alma-Ata, 1967, Nauka Press. NK66-44 (101). Vol. 4 - Gidrogeologiya i gidrokhimiya [HYDROGEOLOGY AND HYDROCHEMISTRY]: 158 pp., 30 figs., 32 tables, 157 refs. Alma-Ata, 1968, Nauka Press. Reviewer: Boris V. Brajnikov.

Mineral'nyye fatsii granitoidov i ikh rudonosnost' [MINERAL FACIES OF GRANITOIDS AND THEIR ORE POTENTIAL]: I. N. Govorov and I. A. Tararin, Executive Editors. Eighteen papers by 30 authors. DVGI SO AN SSSR. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 288 pp., 32 tables, 93 figs., 386 refs. NK 65-44 (102). By Dr. V.P. Sokoloff     

AGI Book Review

Muscovite and rare metal-muscovite pegmatites

Shmakin, B. M., 1976, PEGMATITES CONTAINING MUSCOVITE AND RARE METALS (MINERALOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEGMATITES FROM EAST SIBERIA AND INDIA) (Muskovitovyye i redkometal'nomuskovitovyye pegmatity (mineralogo-geokhimicheskaya i geneticheskaya kharakteristika pegmatitov Vostochnoy Sibiri i Indii): AN SSSR SO Inst. Geochim., Izd-vo Nauka, Siberian Div., Novosibirsk, 367 pp., illus. (incl. tables, geol. sketch maps). Reviewed by A.A. Beus

Mineralogy of the Donets basin

Lazarenko, Ye. K., Panov, B. S., Gruba, V. I., 1975, MINERALOGY OF THE DONETS BASINS (Mineralogiya Donetskogo Basseyna), Izd-vo Naukova Dumka, Kiev, v. I, 252 pp., 159 figs., price - Rubles 1.95; v. II, 502 pp., 315 figs., price - Rubles 3.44. Reviewed by Eugene A. Alexandrov     

Basic relationships in distribution of modern siliceous sediments and their connection with climatic zonation

Borisov, A. A., Glubinnaya struktura territorii SSSR po geofizicheskim dannym [DEEP STRUCTURE OF TERRITORY OF USSR ACCORDING TO GEOPHYSICAL DATA]: Nedra Press, Moscow, 1967. 303 pp., 3 tables, 82 figs., 628 refs. Appendix: loose maps of USSR; DSS profiles and structures; gravity and magnetic anomalies; topography of "M" surface; structure of consolidated crust. NK 67–18 (22).

Kostomarov, V. M., Protivoopolznevyye meropriyatiya v gorodakh [LANDSLIDE CONTROL OPERATIONS IN CITIES]: "SI" Press, Moscow, 1967. 111 pp., 2 tables, 34 figs., 38 refs. NK 67–24(62).

Popov, E. G. and A. I. Chebotarev, Zeravshanskiy front [THE ZERAVSHAN FRONT]: Gidrometeorologizdat, Leningrad, 1966. 68 pp., 1 table, 6 figs., 15 photos. NK 65–16(85).

Metody i programmy dlya analiza seysmicheskikh nablyudeniy [METHODS AND PROGRAMS FOR ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC OBSERVATIONS]. Vychislitel'naya seysmologiya [COMPUTER SEISMOLOGY]: NO. 3. Seven papers by 13 authors. V. I. Keylis-Borok, Executive Editor. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1967. 282 pp., 3 tables, 79 figs., 17 refs. NK 67–25(49). By Dr. V.P. Sokoloff

Kuznetsov, V. A., E. G. Distanov, A. A. Obolenskiy. V. I. Sotnikov, and A. A. Tycchinskiy, Osnovy for matsionnogo analiza endogennoy metallogenii Altaye-Sayanskoy oblasti [FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ENDOGENE METALLOGENY OF ALTAY-SAYAN PROVINCE]: Nauka Press, Novosibirsk, 1966. 153 pp., 4 figs., 11 tables, 237 refs. NK 66–2(38). [Reviewer: Boris V. Brajnikov.]

Fizicheskiye metody issledovaniya mineralov osadochnykh porod [PHYSICAL RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDY OF MINERALS FROM SEDIMENTARY ROCKS]: A. G. Kossovskaya et al., Editors. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 358 pp., 121 figs., 33 plates, 66 tables. Bibl. NK 66–4(40). [Reviewer: Boris V. Brajnikov.]

Metally v osadochnykh tolshchakh [METALS IN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS]: L. V. Pustovalov, Executive Editor. Laboratory of sedimentary economic minerals, AN ASSSR. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 326 pp., 49 tables, 28 figs., 697 refs. NK 65–10(98).

Kigay, I.N., Lifudzinskoye olovorudnoye mestorozhdeniye [THE LIFUDZIN DEPOSIT OF TIN ORES]: Edited by G.A. Sokolow. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 248 pp., 18 tables, 64 figs. (incl. 20 photos). 314 refs. SK 65(1)–431.

Rosk kristallov [CRYSTAL GROWTH]. Volume VII, part 1. Transactions of Symposium on Crystal Growth: Seventh International Congress of Crystallographers, July 1966. Fifty papers by 92 authors. N. N. Sheftal¹, Executive Editor, AN SSSR, Institute of Crystallpgraphy. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1967. 359 pp., 34 tables, 294 figs., 574 refs. By Dr. V.P. Sokoloff     

Book

Geologiya i razvedka gazovykh i gazkondensatonykh mestorozhdeniv [GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION OF GAS AND GAS CONDENSATE DEPOSITS], Referativnyy sbornik, VNIIEgazprom [COLLECTED PAPERS, ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION, AND ECONOMIC-TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN GAS INDUSTRY]: Moscow, 1974, nos. 1–5 (about 35 pp. each).

Sokolov, B.A., Gaynanov, A.G., Nesmeyanov, D.V., and Seregin, A.M., Neftegazonosnost' morey i okeanov [HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF OCEANS AND SEAS]: Izd-vo Nedra, 1973, 232 pp., 2 tables, 63 figs., 99 refs. NK 72–5 (26).     

羌塘盆地胜利河地区雀莫错组地层及其古环境

在羌塘盆地胜利河地区实测了多条雀莫错组地层剖面,在区块南部剖面中采集到大量的硅化木以及一定含量的双壳类Astarte delicata Fan,A.cf.voltzii Goldfuss,Pleuromya sp.,Protocardia sp.,Modiolus sp.,Neomiodon sp.,Chlamys sp.等和孢粉化石Cyathidites,Deltoidospora,Neoraistrickia,Classopollis等。雀莫错组地层之下广泛沉积了一套那底岗日组火山-火山碎屑沉积,其火山岩喷发年龄为205～220Ma。雀莫错组地层之上与中侏罗统布曲组整合接触,依据上述特征确定了雀莫错组地层的时代为早-中侏罗世。雀莫错组地层沉积早期,以冲积扇-辫状河砾岩沉积为特征,之上沉积了一套三角洲相碎屑岩地层及局限台地相灰岩沉积,表现为一个向上变深的海侵序列。雀莫错组沉积期,胜利河地区处于偏潮湿的热带-亚热带环境。     

Review Section

Belousov, V. V., FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF TECTONICS¹, The State Geology and Conservation Publishing House, Moscow, 1954, 606 pp. A Review by Mark Burgunker.

Nalivkin, D. V., A STUDY OF FACIES: THE ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION ¹, The Department of Geologic-Geographic Sciences, the Academy of Science of the USSR. Moscow and Leningrad, 1956, vol. I, 534 pp.; vol. II, 393 pp. A Review by Mark Burgunker.

Strakhov, N. M. , Brodskaya, N. G. , Knyaseva, L. M., Razzhivina, A. N., Rateev, M. A., Sapozhnikiv, D. G., and E. S. Shishova. , FORMATION OF SEDIMENTS IN RECENT BASINS: A symposium, Moscow 1954. 791 pp. A review by George V. Chilingar, University of Southern California¹.     

论燕北地区辽代的气候特点

本文利用《辽史》中“帝王纪”、“游幸表”、“食货志”和同时代“宋人使辽语录”中所记载的有关旱、涝、冻灾记录,对928～1109年共182年间燕北地区的历史气候进行了复原。研究结果表明,辽代燕北地区的干湿变化过程中,早期以干为主,中、晚期以湿为主。1080年前后为一气温剧烈下降时期,比黄淮海地区的同期变化要早约30年。     

The “El Pilote” fluorite skarn: A crucial deposit in the understanding and interpretation of the origin and mobilization of F from northern Mexico deposits

Fluorite deposits are widespread in northern Mexico and those deposits have traditionally been categorized as exclusively hydrothermal–magmatic in origin. Recently, two different fluorite-bearing type models have been proposed for the Northern Mexican deposits: (1) MVT-like deposits formed from basinal brines mobilized during the Laramide Orogeny (La Encantada deposit, Gonzalez-Partida et al., [Gonzalez-Partida, E., Carrillo-Chavez, A., Grimmer, J.O.W., Pironon, J., 2002. Petroleum-rich fluid inclusions in fluorite, Purisima mine, Coahuila, Mexico. International Geological Review 44 (8), 751–763.]; Tritlla et al., [Tritlla, J., Gonzalez-Partida, E., Levresse, G., Banks, D., Pironon, J., 2004. Fluorite deposits at Encantada-Buenavista, Mexico: products of Mississippi Valley type processes — a reply. Ore Geology Reviews 25, 329–332.]); and (2) fluorite-bearing skarns in close contact with rhyolite intrusives (Levinson, [Levinson, A.A., 1962. Beryllium–fluorine mineralization at Aguachile Mountain, Coahuila, Mexico. American Mineralogist 47, 67–75.]). The El Pilote fluorite deposit falls into the second category, and is the only known example of a magmatic-related fluorite deposit in the area. The fluorite trace-element patterns from both the El Pilote skarn and La Encantada MVT deposits display comparable and very low relative abundances as well as comparable chondrite-normalized REE patterns; this would suggest that the skarn F-source comes from the remobilization of a MVT fluorite manto.     

青海湖近千年来气候环境变化的湖泊沉积记录

本文通过对青藏高原上所钻取的古里雅冰芯和青海都兰树轮高分辨率气候变化记录的对比,分析了过去近2 000a来的气候变化特征.结果表明:1)这两个地区过去2 000a来温度都在波动中逐渐上升,展示了气候逐渐变暖的趋势.进入20世纪以来,气候显著变暖,并有加速变暖的趋势;2)树轮和冰芯均明显地记录了小冰期的3次冷期,其出现的时间基本上一致.小冰期并不是过去2 000a来的最寒冷的时期.冰芯和树轮记录均表明公元初的寒冷程度要大于小冰期;3)古里雅冰芯所记录的温度和降水量揭示出,过去近2 000a来的降水和温度变化的总趋势是正相关关系;但在短时间尺度上,温度和降水的变化并不同步.这主要表现在两个方面,一是温度长期变化中的低频波动频率要大于降水,二是虽然温度和降水的变化在百年级时间尺度上有正相关性,但降水的变化要滞后于温度变化50～100a;4)同时周期分析表明,古里雅冰芯中的δ180和积累量以及都兰树轮记录的变化周期大多数与太阳活动有关,表明青藏高原地区冷、暖、干、湿变化的主要驱动力可能是太阳活动的变化;5)对这两记录的对比研究也揭示了气候变化的区域差异.如中世纪暖期在都兰树轮记录中很强而在古里雅冰芯记录中很弱,而都兰树轮记录中,中世纪暖期以后至1 800A.D.在波动中变冷,但在古里雅冰芯记录中这一时期在波动中变暖.     

Problems and rules for study and description of stratotypes and stratigraphic reference cross-sections

Erzhanov, Zh. S., and Yegorov, A. K., Teoriya skladkoobrazovaniya v tolshche gornykh porod [THEORY OF FOLDING IN THE BODY OF ROCKS]: IMiM AN KazSSR. Izd-vo Nauka Ka zSSR, Alma-Ma, 1968. 136 pp., 22 figs., 16 tables, 78 refs. NK 68–24(56).

Geologiya zony perekhoda ot Aziatskogo materika k Tikhomu Okeanu [GEOLOGY OF THE ZONE OF TRANSITION FROM THE ASIAN CONTINENT TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN]: Seventeen papers by 25 authors, N. P. Vasil'kovskiy, Executive Editor. Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow, 1968. 288 pp., 42 figs., 12 tables, 630 refs. NK 68–22 (34).

Petrografiya ogneuporov, shlakov i sinteticheskikh mineralov [PETROGRAPHY OF REFRACTORIES, SLAGS, AND SYNTHETIC MINERALS]: Transactions of the Second Uralian Petrographic Conference, Vol. VII, UFAN SSSR. Forty-four papers by 122 authors, P. S. Mamykin, Editor. Sverdlovsk, 1968. 194 pp., 110 figs., 58 tables, 248 refs. NK 68–36(62).

Pek, A. A., O dinamike yuveni]'nykh rastvorov [DYNAMICS OF JUVENILE SOLUTIONS]: IGEM AN SSSR. Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow, 1968. 148 pp., 34 figs., 23 tables, 219 refs. NK 67–19 (76).

Osobennosti razmeshcheniya gidrotermarnogo orudeneniya v strukturnykh etazhakh Karpat [DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROTFIERMAL MINERALIZATION IN STRUCTURAL STAGES OF THE CARPATHIANS]: Report by 8 authors, L G. Tkachuk, Executive Editor. IGN AN UkrSSR. Izd-vo Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1968. 98 pp., 12 figs., 74 refs. NK 67–30(46).

Fundamenty sooruzheniy na merzlykh gruntakh v Yakutii [FOUNDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTIONS ON FROZEN GROUND IN YAKUTIA]: Fourteen chapters by 9 authors, K. F. Voytkovskiy, Executive Editor. IM SO AN SSSR, Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow, 1968. 200 pp., 45 figs., 36 tables, 53 refs. NK 68–12(96).

Maksimov, V. P., et al., Osobennosti osvoyeniya neftynykh mestorozhdeniy Zapadnoy Sibiri [SPECIAL ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL ASSIMILATION OF OIL FIELDS IN WESTERN SIBERIA]: Nedra Press, Moscow, 1968. 240 pp., 79 figs., 80 tables, 19 refs. NK 68–15(82).

Kuznetsov, N. T., Vody Tsentral'noy Azii [WATERS OF CENTRAL ASIA]: IC AN SSSR. Izdvo Nauka, Moscow, 1968. 272 pp., 56 figs., 23 tables, 287 refs. SK 68–1(340).

Gidrokhimicheskiye materialy [HYDROCHEMICAL DATA]: Tom XLVIII. .Twenty-four papers by 51 authors, V. 13. Stradomskiy, Editor. Hydrochemical Institute GUGS, Novocherkassk. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1968. 180 pp., 49 figs., 66 tables, 355 refs. NK 68–45(65).

Popov, O. V., Podzemnoye pitainye rek [SUBSURFACE DISCHARGE INTO STREAMS}: Gidrorneteoizdat, Leningrad, 1968. 292 pp., 70 figs., 19 tables, 85 refs. Appendix: tabulated accessions of subsurface waters to 71 major rivers of the USSR. NK 66–32(53).

Goleva, 0. A., Gidrogeokhimicheskiye poiski skrytogo orudeneniya [HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING FOR BLIND ORES]: VSEGINGE0. 1 Izd-vo Nedra, Moscow, 1968. 292 pp., 68 figs., 64 tables, 274 refs. NE 67–39 (51).

Savchenko, N. A., Fiagdonskoye rudnoye pole [FIAGDONIAN ORE FIELD]: Izd-vo Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1970. 188 pp., 15 figs., 19 tables, 5 photo pls., 276 refs. NK 69–9(20).

Bartosh, T. D., et al., Geologiya i resursy presnovodnoy izvesti Latviyskoy SSR [GEOLOGY AND RESERVES OF FRESH-WATER LIME IN LATVIAN SSR]: VNIIMORGEO. Izci-vo Zinatne, Riga, 1968. 300 pp., 114 figs., 24 tables, 93 refs. NK 67–37 (56).

Maslov, N. N., Osnovy rnekhaniki gruntov i inzhenernoy geologii [PRINCIPLES OF GROUND MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY]: 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Izd-vo Vyschaya Shkola, Moscow, 1968. 630 pp., 389 figs., 32 tables, 69 refs.

Gidrologiy Tikhogo, Okeana[HYDROLOGY OF PACIF" OCEAN]: Shirshov, Institute of Oceanolgy, AN SSSR. Pacific Ocean Series, V. II A. D. Dobrovol'skiy, Executive Editor. Izdvo Nauka, Moscow, 1968. 524 pp., 234 figs., 56 tables, 536 refs., 71 records and special reports. Appendix: 47 diagrams. In English: Title page and Table of Contents.     

广西桂林地区晚三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

广西桂林地区首次发现晚三叠世孢粉化石２７属３７种,可称为Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃａｎａｌｉ－ｚｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ－Ｏｖａｌｉｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｒｉｃｃｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,其中的主要属种在国内外均为晚三叠世的重要分子,并可与我国华南地区和欧洲有关晚三叠世孢粉组合进行对比。因此,当前组合的地质时代属于晚三叠世,这填补了桂林地区中生代地质发展史中的一个空白。     

Renaissance of the astronomical theory of climatic change

Book reviewed in this article:
Berger, A., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G. and Saltzman, B. (eds.) 1984: Milankovitch and Climate. Understanding the Response to Astronomical Forcing .     

吉林省中部早石炭世杜内期的腕足动物化石

描述的化石是采自吉林省中部杜内期北通气沟组,共17个属24个种,包括3个新种。这个动物群的特点与我国南方杜内期动物群的特点不同,而与美国密西西比系金德胡克组、苏联库茨纳兹盆地和莫斯科盆地杜内期的动物群非常相像。类似的动物群在新疆、甘肃和内蒙等省和自治区均已发现。吉中地区杜内期腕足动物群,属于北美—西伯利亚古生物地理区系。     

热河生物群中蜘蛛和蟹奴化石几个新种

由于蜘蛛身体表面所覆盖的体壳较薄，通常保存为化石的几率较小，因此，蜘蛛化石是一类较为稀有的化石。热河生物群中的蜘蛛化石迄今尚未进行过系统描述。本文报道了属于Araneidae Leach，1819(园蛛科)、Gnaphosidae(平腹蛛科)和Theidiidae Sundeva1833(球腹蛛科)6个蜘蛛新种：Araneus liaoxiensis sp．nov．，A．aethus p．nov．，A．reheensissp．nov．，A．beipiaoensis sp，nov．，Gtuzphosq liaoningensiss p．nov．和Theridion atalus sp．nov．；以及蟹奴幼虫的一个化石新属种Mesosacculina papposa gen．etsp．nov．。这些化石均采自辽西北票黄半吉沟义县组下部(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)。     

LPI-based approach for calibrating the severity of liquefaction-induced failures and for assessing the probability of liquefaction surface evidence

Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) is used as an assessing tool of liquefaction susceptibility. Based on the existing correlation of the LPI values with the liquefaction potential of a site, liquefaction hazard maps have been compiled. The evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility of the soil layers that had been taken into account for the calculation of LPI value, on the existing classifications, was based on the “Chinese criteria”. However, Seed et al. [Seed, R.B., Cetin, K.O., Moss, R.E.S., Kammerer, A.M., Wu, J., Pestana, J.M., Riemer, M.F., Sancio, R.B., Bray, J.D., Kayen, R.E., Faris, A., 2003. Recent advances in soil liquefaction engineering: a unified and consistent framework. 26th annual ASCE L.A. Geotechnical Spring Seminar, Long Beach, California. 71 pp.] concluded that those criteria are conservative and proposed a modification of them.The basic aim of this paper is to examine the impact of these modifications to the existing LPI-based calibrations of severity scale of liquefaction-induced failures and to propose a new one if it is needed, using box–whisker plot method. The data set that was analyzed is compiled by borings with SPT from liquefied and non-liquefied sites in Taiwan, in Turkey and in Greece.Moreover, a LPI-based formula is proposed, as an outcome from the application of logistic regression analysis to the data set, which can be used for predicting the liquefaction surface occurrence. In addition, a discriminant function is suggested for classifying a site as liquefiable or not. In this approach, the LPI and the thickness of the non-liquefiable cap layer are taken into account as the classification parameters.     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoseismology of an intraplate seismic zone in a large alluvial valley, the New Madrid seismic zone, Central USA

The New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) is an intraplate right-lateral strike-slip and thrust fault system contained mostly within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. The most recent earthquake sequence in the zone occurred in 1811–1812 and had estimated moment magnitudes of 7–8 (e.g., [Johnston, A.C., 1996. Seismic moment assessment of stable continental earthquakes, Part 3: 1811–1812 New Madrid, 1886 Charleston, and 1755 Lisbon. Geophysical Journal International 126, 314–344; Johnston, A.C., Schweig III, E.S, 1996. The enigma of the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–1812. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 24, 339–384; Hough, S.E., Armbruster, J.G., Seeber, L., Hough, J.F., 2000. On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the New Madrid earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (B10), 23,839–23,864; Tuttle, M.P., 2001. The use of liquefaction features in paleoseismology: Lessons learned in the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States. Journal of Seismology 5, 361–380]). Four earlier prehistoric earthquakes or earthquake sequences have been dated A.D. 1450 ± 150, 900 ± 100, 300 ± 200, and 2350 B.C. ± 200 years using paleoliquefaction features, particularly those associated with native American artifacts, and in some cases surface deformation ([Craven, J. A. 1995. Paleoseismology study in the New Madrid seismic zone using geological and archeological features to constrain ages of liquefaction deposits. M.S thesis, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, U.S.A.; Tuttle, M.P., Lafferty III, R.H., Guccione, M.J., Schweig III, E.S., Lopinot, N., Cande, R., Dyer-Williams, K., Haynes, M., 1996. Use of archaeology to date liquefaction features and seismic events in the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States. Geoarchaeology 11, 451–480; Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43(2002), 313–349; Tuttle, M.P., Schweig, E.S., Sims, J.D., Lafferty, R.H., Wolf, L.W., Haynes, M.L., 2002. The earthquake potential of the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v 92, n. 6, p. 2080–2089; Tuttle, M.P., Schweig III, E.S., Campbell, J., Thomas, P.M., Sims, J.D., Lafferty III, R.H., 2005. Evidence for New Madrid earthquakes in A.D. 300 and 2350 B.C. Seismological Research Letters 76, 489–501]). The two most recent prehistoric and the 2350 B.C. events were probably also earthquake sequences with approximately the same magnitude as the historic sequence.Surface deformation (faulting and folding) in an alluvial setting provides many examples of stream response to gradient changes that can also be used to date past earthquake events. Stream responses include changes in channel morphology, deviations in the channel path from the regional gradient, changes in the direction of flow, anomalous longitudinal profiles, and aggradation or incision of the channel ([Merritts, D., Hesterberg, T, 1994. Stream networks and long-term surface uplift in the New Madrid seismic zone. Science 265, 1081–1084.; Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43 (2002), 313–349]). Uplift or depression of the floodplain affects the frequency of flooding and thus the thickness and style of vertical accretion or drowning of a meander scar to form a lake. Vegetation may experience trauma, mortality, and in some cases growth enhancement due to ground failure during the earthquake and hydrologic changes after the earthquake ([VanArdale, R.B., Stahle, D.W., Cleaveland, M.K., Guccione, M.J., 1998. Earthquake signals in tree-ring data from the New Madrid seismic zone and implications for paleoseismicity. Geology 26, 515–518]). Identification and dating these physical and biologic responses allows source areas to be identified and seismic events to be dated.Seven fault segments are recognized by microseismicity and geomorphology. Surface faulting has been recognized at three of these segments, Reelfoot fault, New Madrid North fault, and Bootheel fault. The Reelfoot fault is a compressive stepover along the strike-slip fault and has up to 11 m of surface relief ([Carlson, S.D., 2000. Formation and geomorphic history of Reelfoot Lake: insight into the New Madrid seismic zone. M.S. Thesis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.A]) deforming abandoned and active Mississippi River channels ([Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43 (2002), 313–349]). The New Madrid North fault apparently has only strike-slip motion and is recognized by modern microseismicity, geomorphic anomalies, and sand cataclasis ([Baldwin, J.N., Barron A.D., Kelson, K.I., Harris, J.B., Cashman, S., 2002. Preliminary paleoseismic and geophysical investigation of the North Farrenburg lineament: primary tectonic deformation associated with the New Madrid North Fault?. Seismological Research Letters 73, 393–413]). The Bootheel fault, which is not identified by the modern microseismicity, is associated with extensive liquefaction and offset channels ([Guccione, M.J., Marple, R., Autin, W.J., 2005, Evidence for Holocene displacements on the Bootheel fault (lineament) in southeastern Missouri: Seismotectonic implications for the New Madrid region. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117, 319–333]). The fault has dominantly strike-slip motion but also has a vertical component of slip. Other recognized surface deformation includes relatively low-relief folding at Big Lake/Manila high ([Guccione, M.J., VanArdale, R.B., Hehr, L.H., 2000. Origin and age of the Manila high and associated Big Lake “Sunklands”, New Madrid seismic zone, northeastern Arkansas. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 579–590]) and Lake St. Francis/Marked Tree high ([Guccione, M.J., VanArsdale, R.B., 1995. Origin and age of the St. Francis Sunklands using drainage patterns and sedimentology. Final report submitted to the U. S. Geological Survey, Award Number 1434-93-G-2354, Washington D.C.]), both along the subsurface Blytheville arch. Deformation at each of the fault segments does not occur during each earthquake event, indicating that earthquake sources have varied throughout the Holocene.     

Postglacial changes in the Asian summer monsoon system: a pollen record from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Zhou, W., Yu, S.‐Y., Burr, G. S., Kukla, G. J., Jull, A. J. T., Xian, F., Xiao, J., Colman, S. M., Yu, H., Liu, Z. & Kong, X. 2010: Postglacial changes in the Asian summer monsoon system: a pollen record from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 528–539. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00150.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. A new pollen record constrained by 32 AMS radiocarbon dates from the Hongyuan peatland in the Zoige Basin reveals the long‐term dynamics of an alpine wetland ecosystem on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau over the last 13 500 years. Changes in pollen assemblages and influxes suggest that local vegetation has experienced three distinct stages, from alpine coniferous forest–meadow (13 500–11 500 cal. a BP), through alpine coniferous forest (11 500–3000 cal. a BP), back to alpine coniferous forest–meadow (3000 cal. a BP–present). This record reflects an ecosystem response along a transition zone where the South Asian and East Asian monsoon systems may have had different palaeoclimatic influences. A comparison of this record with other pollen records across the Tibetan Plateau shows common features with regard to large‐scale Holocene climatic changes, but highlights a pattern of regional temporal and spatial variability that depends on the topography and position relative to the South Asian and East Asian monsoon fronts.     

Book Reviews

Korenbaum, S. A., Mineral'nyye paragenezisy tal'kovykh mestorozhdeniy [MINERAL PARAGENESIS IN DEPOSITS OF TALC]: DVGI, SO AN SSSR. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1967. 278 pp., 134 figs., 72 tables. NK 67-6 (75).

Eksperiment v tekhnicheskoy mineralogii i petrografii [EXPERIMENT IN TECHNICAL MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY]: Sixty-two papers by 149 authors; A. I. Tsvetkov, Executive Editor. Reports at the 7th Conference on Experimental and Technological Mineralogy and'Petrography (L'voy, 1964). IGRM PMG, AN SSSR. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1966. 336 pp., 230 figs., 87 tables, 410 refs. SK 66-1 (463).

Sultanova, Z., Zemletryaseniya v Azerbaydzhane [EARTHQUAKES IN AZERBAYDZHAN]: "Gyandzhlik" Press, Baku, 1969. 86 pp. NK 67-10 (91).

Paleozoyskiy vulkanizm i kolchedannyye mestorozhdeniya Yuzhnogo Urala [PALEOZOIC VOLCANISM AND DEPOSITS OF PYRITIC ORES IN SOUTHERN URAL]: Twelve chapters by 15 authors; G. F. Yakovlev, Editor. MGLJ Press, Moscow, 1968. 291 pp., 68 figs., 9 tables, 202 refs. NK 67-48 (19).

Postsedimentatsionnyye preobrazovaniya osadochnykh porod Sibiri [POSTSEDIMENTATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF SIBERIA]: IGiG, SO AN SSSR. Ten papers by 13 authors; Yu. P. Kazanskiy and G. N. Perozio, Executive Editors. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1967. 222 pp., 120 figs., 20 tables, 144 refs. SK 67-1 (288).

Neveyshaya tektonika, noveyshiye otlozheniya i chelovek [RECENT TECTONICS, RECENT SEDIMENTS, AND MAN]: Twelve papers by 17 authors, edited by N. I. Nikolayev. No. 2 contribution to the Eighth International INQUA Congress. MGU Press, Moscow, 1969. 201 pp., 37 figs., 7 tables, 275 refs. NK 69-24 (107).

Tektonika neftegazonosnykh oblastey Sibiri [TECTONICS OF OIL-GAS REGIONS OF SIBERIA]: Ten papers by 16 authors; M. I. Varentsov, Executive Editor. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1967. 164 pp., 47 figs., 1 table, 165 refs. SK 67-1 (300).

Gidrokhimicheskiye materialy [DATA OF HYDROCHEMISTRY]: Hydrochernical Institute at Novocherkassk; Central Bureau of Hydrometeorological Service at the Council of Ministers, USSR. Vol. XLV: Jubilee Papers, "Fifty Years of Soviet Hydrochemistry," 15 reviews and papers by 17 authors, A. A. Zenin, Executive Editor. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1967. 250 pp., 4 figs., 22 tables, 1071 refs.

Ekologicheskaya biogeografiya kontaktovykh zon morya [ECOLOGICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CONTACT ZONES OF SEA]: Eleven chapters by 13 authors; K. A. Vinogradov, Executive Editor. Odessa Division, Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, AN UkrSSR. "Naukova dumka" Press, Kiev, 1968. 160 pp., 51 figs., 43 tables, 239 refs. Summary in English. NK 67-30 (84).

Stratigraphiya nizhnego paleozoya Pribaltiki i korrelyatsiya s drugimi regionami [LOWER PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF BALTIC COUNTRIES AND ITS CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER REGIONS]: Seventeen papers by 26 authors; A. A. Grigyalis, Executive Editor. "Mintis" Press, Vilnius, 1968. 318 pp., 50 figs., 18 tables, 380 refs. NK 68-18 (16).

Geologicheskoye stroyeniye ostrova Sakhalin [GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SAKHALIN ISLAND]: Twenty papers by 41 authors; I. M. Siryk, Executive Editor. Transactions of Sakh NH, SO AN SSSR, no. 21, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1969. 192 pp 44 figs., 19 tables, 238 refs.

Gnibidenko, G. S., Metamorficheskiye kompleksy v strukturakh severo-zapadnogo sektora Tikhookeanskogo poyasa [METAMORPHIC COMPLEXES IN STRUCTURES OF NORTHWESTERN SECTOR OF PACIFIC BELT]: SO AN SSSR, DVF, DVGI. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1969. 128 pp., 41 figs., 7 tables, 228 refs.

Metamorficheskiy kompleksy ostrova Sakhalina [METAMORPHIC COMPLEXES OF SAKHALIN ISLAND]: Six papers; G. S. Gnibidenko, Executive Editor. Transactions of Sakh KNII, SO AN SSSR, no. 22, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1969. 92 pp., 20 figs., 11 tables, 120 refs.

Pakholkov, V. D., Statistika geologorazvedochnykh rabot [STATISTICS IN GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION PROJECTS]: Third edition, enlarged. Nedra Press, Moscow, 1969. 295 pp., 6 figs., 67 tables, 64 refs.

Grishanin, K. Y., Dinamika ruslovykh potokov [DYNAMICS OF STREAMBED CURRENTS]: Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1969. 428 pp., 117 figs., 257 refs. Abstract and summary in English. NK 69-16 (66).

Kononkova, G. E., Dinamika morskikh voln [DYNAMICS OF SEA WAVES]: MGU Press, Moscow, 1969. 206 pp., 67 figs., 151 refs. NK 68-20 (85).

Materialy po geneticheskoy i eksperimental'noy mineralogii [DATA OF GENETIC AND EXPERIMENTAL MINERALOGY]: Vol. III. Transactions of IGiG, SO AN SSSR, no. 31. Twelve papers by 26 authors; V. S. Sobolev, Editor. Nauka Press, Moscow, 1965. 318 pp., 114 figs., 72 tables, 319 refs. Abstracts of papers and Table of Contents in English. By Dr. V.P. Sokoloff