黔南桑朗地区上二叠统和泥盆系中的遗迹化石及其沉积环境

在黔南望谟县桑朗区(图1)马岭岗上二叠统剖面和水电站中上泥盆统剖面中有比较丰富的遗迹化石。根据采得的材料统计,共有7个属10个种(包括未定种),其中有两个新属和四个新种。在描述这些遗迹化石的同时,笔者还根据岩石学特征及遗迹化石的组合特征来对当时的沉积环境作一初步探讨。     

皖南地区二叠纪层序地层研究

以层序地层学理论为基础 ,根据皖南地区二叠系钻孔、测井和露头剖面等资料 ,详细研究了该区二叠纪层序地层及海平面变化 ,划分了沉积层序和沉积体系域 ,探讨了界面性质、层序类型及层序特征。本区二叠系可划分出 2个 级和 4个 级层序。2个 级层序的时限分别对应早二叠世和晚二叠世 ,这与中国南方二叠纪构造旋回盆地变更时限相一致。 4个 级层序分别对应于栖霞阶、茅口阶、龙潭阶和长兴阶。栖霞阶和龙潭阶为 类沉积层序 ,其层序底界为类型 界线不整合 ;茅口阶和长兴阶为 类层序 ,其底界为类型 界线不整合。区内低水位体系域不发育 ,沉积层序基本上由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成。二叠纪存在四次三级海平面变化周期和二次二级海平面变化周期 ,后者可能与全球海平面升降有关。早二叠世早期的海侵及晚期的海退可能代表大区域性的海平面升降。     

THE FINDINGS OF THE UPPER PERMIAN IN THE CUOQIN BASIN, TIBET

THE FINDINGS OF THE UPPER PERMIAN IN THE CUOQIN BASIN, TIBET     

Erratum to “The Albian-Cenomanian boundary at Eggardon Hill, Dorset (England): An anomaly resolved?” [Proc. Geol. Assoc. 120 (2009) 108-120]

Re-examination of the classic exposures of the Eggardon Grit (topmost Upper Greensand Formation) at Eggardon Hill, Dorset shows that the upper part of this unit has a more complex stratigraphy than has been previously recognised. The Eggardon Grit Member, as described herein, is capped by a hardground and associated conglomerate, and is entirely of Late Albian age. The hardground is probably the lateral equivalent of the Small Cove Hardground, which marks the top of the Upper Greensand succession in southeast Devon. The conglomerate is overlain by a thin sandy limestone containing Early Cenomanian ammonites. This limestone is almost certainly the horizon of the Early Cenomanian ammonite fauna that has previously been attributed to the top of the Eggardon Grit. The limestone is regarded as a thin lateral equivalent of the Beer Head Limestone Formation (formerly Cenomanian Limestone) exposed on the southeast Devon coast. The fauna of the limestone at Eggardon suggests that it is probably the age equivalent to the two lowest subdivisions of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon, with a remanié fauna of the Pounds Pool Sandy Limestone Member combined with indigenous macrofossils of the Hooken Nodular Limestone Member. The next highest subdivision of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon (Little Beach Bioclastic Limestone Member), equates with the ammonite-rich phosphatic conglomerate of the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’, which caps the Beer Head Limestone at Eggardon, and which was previously regarded as the base of the Chalk Group on Eggardon Hill.Petrographic analysis of the Eggardon Grit shows that lithologically it should more correctly be described as a sandy limestone rather than sandstone. The original stratigraphical definition of the unit should probably be modified to exclude the softer, nodular calcareous sandstones that have traditionally been included in the lower part of the member.Without the apparently clear evidence of unbroken sedimentation across the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, suggested by the previous interpretation of the Eggardon succession, it is harder to argue for this being a prevalent feature of Upper Greensand stratigraphy in southwest England. Correlation of the Eggardon succession with successions in Dorset and southeast Devon reveals a widespread regional break in sedimentation at the Albian-Cenomanian boundary. The sand-rich facies above this unconformity represent the true base of the Chalk Group, rather than the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’ of previous interpretations.Selected elements of regionally important Upper Greensand ammonite faunas previously reported from Shapwick Quarry, near Lyme Regis, and Babcombe Copse, near Newton Abbot, are newly figured herein.     

The Albian–Cenomanian boundary at Eggardon Hill,Dorset (England): an anomaly resolved?

Re-examination of the classic exposures of the Eggardon Grit (topmost Upper Greensand Formation) at Eggardon Hill, Dorset shows that the upper part of this unit has a more complex stratigraphy than has been previously recognised. The Eggardon Grit Member, as described herein, is capped by a hardground and associated conglomerate, and is entirely of Late Albian age. The hardground is probably the lateral equivalent of the Small Cove Hardground, which marks the top of the Upper Greensand succession in southeast Devon. The conglomerate is overlain by a thin sandy limestone containing Early Cenomanian ammonites. This limestone is almost certainly the horizon of the Early Cenomanian ammonite fauna that has previously been attributed to the top of the Eggardon Grit. The limestone is regarded as a thin lateral equivalent of the Beer Head Limestone Formation (formerly Cenomanian Limestone) exposed on the southeast Devon coast. The fauna of the limestone at Eggardon suggests that it is probably the age equivalent to the two lowest subdivisions of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon, with a remanié fauna of the Pounds Pool Sandy Limestone Member combined with indigenous macrofossils of the Hooken Nodular Limestone Member. The next highest subdivision of the Beer Head Limestone in southeast Devon (Little Beach Bioclastic Limestone Member), equates with the ammonite-rich phosphatic conglomerate of the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’, which caps the Beer Head Limestone at Eggardon, and which was previously regarded as the base of the Chalk Group on Eggardon Hill.Petrographic analysis of the Eggardon Grit shows that lithologically it should more correctly be described as a sandy limestone rather than sandstone. The original stratigraphical definition of the unit should probably be modified to exclude the softer, nodular calcareous sandstones that have traditionally been included in the lower part of the member.Without the apparently clear evidence of unbroken sedimentation across the Albian–Cenomanian boundary, suggested by the previous interpretation of the Eggardon succession, it is harder to argue for this being a prevalent feature of Upper Greensand stratigraphy in southwest England. Correlation of the Eggardon succession with successions in Dorset and southeast Devon reveals a widespread regional break in sedimentation at the Albian–Cenomanian boundary. The sand-rich facies above this unconformity represent the true base of the Chalk Group, rather than the ‘Chalk Basement Bed’ of previous interpretations.Selected elements of regionally important Upper Greensand ammonite faunas previously reported from Shapwick Quarry, near Lyme Regis, and Babcombe Copse, near Newton Abbot, are newly figured herein.     

哈密晚二叠世双壳类化石发现及地质意义

哈密路白山地区黄岗一带原划为大热泉子组中,发现时代属晚二叠世的Palaeanodonta castor,P.fischeri,Palaeomutela urumqiensis,Pneglecta P.verneuili,Oligodon keerjiensis,等淡水双壳类化石,其动物群面貌与乌鲁木齐和吐鲁番上二叠统梧...     

广西来宾铁桥剖面中上二叠统沉积微相

对广西来宾铁桥剖面中二叠统茅口组和上二叠统吴家坪组进行了详细的沉积相研究,共识别出4个沉积相和10个微相,分别为:盆地相（含层状硅质岩微相、含透镜状灰岩的层状硅质岩微相）、下斜坡相（含与灰岩互层的层状硅质岩微相、夹层状硅质岩的灰岩微相、浊流沉积的灰岩微相）、上斜坡相（含夹硅质条带或薄层的灰岩微相、夹硅质团块或条带灰岩微相、灰岩微相、碎屑流等重力流沉积的灰岩微相）和台地边缘相（钙质海绵礁灰岩微相）。野外观测表明,茅口组和吴家坪组各为一个向上变浅的沉积旋回,但两个旋回的演化具有明显的差异,茅口组整体上是由盆地相向斜坡相演化的过程,以发育浊流、碎屑流等重力流沉积为特征,而吴家坪组是由盆地相到斜坡相至台地边缘相,再到斜坡相的演化过程,沉积微相变化频繁。该剖面的沉积微相交替记录了海平面变化过程,表现为茅口期持续下降,吴家坪早期快速上升,中期逐步下降,晚期又升高的特征。     

国际二叠纪年代地层划分新方案

国际二叠纪地层分会已就二叠系的统和阶的划分,命名及下界的层位达成统一意见,提出新的二叠系年代地层表,该表由３个最佳的区域性地层序列组成,即代表下二叠统的俄罗斯和哈萨克坦乌拉尔地区的乌拉尔统（ＣｉｓｕｒａｌｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）上二叠下部和上部的美国西南部的瓜德鲁普统（ＧｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）和中国华南地区的乐平统（ＬｏｐｉｎｇｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）。新表为建立二叠系内部界线的全球层型及点位     

藏北申扎地区上二叠统木纠错组的建立及皱纹珊瑚组合

在申扎县城东南木纠错南东岸附近发现一套巨厚的以白云岩、白云质灰岩为主组成的岩系,厚达2348m。该岩系整合覆于下二叠统下拉组之上,并于其底部发现中国南方晚二叠世早期珊瑚动物群中的重要分子WaagenophyllumindicumcrassiseptatumWu和LiangshanophyllumstreptoseptatumWang两种,与其共生的还有Lobatophyllumzakan-genseWu和WaagenophyllummegacolumetumWu,它们共同组成一个晚二叠世早期特有的皱纹珊瑚动物组合,命名为Waagenophyllum-Liangshanophyllum-Lobatophyllum组合。将含有这一珊瑚化石组合的以白云岩、白云质灰岩为主的岩系另建立新组———木纠错组,该组在层位上相当于中国南方上二叠统的吴家坪组。     

西藏西北部晚二叠世地层新资料

<正> 藏北地区的晚二叠世地层,文世宣等(1979)报导了羌塘东部双湖热觉茶卡一带的上二叠统,命名为热觉茶卡组。梁定益等(1983)在羌塘西部多玛附近发现位于下二叠统之上和下三叠统之下的一套含Waagenophyllum和腕足类的碎屑岩和碳酸盐地层,称吉普日阿群。诺林(1946)把塔什立克湖至窝尔巴错一带的二叠系称塔什立克湖群,该群的顶     

东昆仑二叠纪单通道筵对判别冈瓦纳大陆北界的局限性

东昆仑木孜塔格地区的赋存二叠纪单通道筵的岩石为浊流与喷溢流成因，也就是说为异地沉积，因而用单通道筵现在的位置来判别冈瓦纳大陆的北界就有其局限性，而且与其共生的生物组合中含有暖温型Misellina动物群，Misellina动物群属特提斯大区的华夏特提斯生物地理分区。上部原地的中厚层生物碎屑灰岩夹珊瑚礁灰岩中含有大量暖水型动物群，如Pseudoshwagerina、Misellina minor、Parafusulinaaustralis。因此把冈瓦纳北界移至木孜塔格一线的证据不够充分。     

广西柳桥地区上二叠统礁灰岩中发现沥青

研究区位于广西扶绥县东门镇和柳桥镇之间,主要分布上二叠统和下三叠统地层.上二叠统包括合山组、上二叠统礁灰岩和大隆组.下三叠统罗楼组由泥岩和灰岩组成.大隆组主要为放射虫硅质岩和泥岩,含有丰富的放射虫、有孔虫、介形虫、菌藻类、腕足类、菊石类和双壳类化石,是好的烃源岩层.礁灰岩具有大量裂隙和孔洞,是好的储集层.在柳桥地区东攀剖面、岜陇剖面和岜料剖面,礁灰岩裂隙和孔洞普遍被沥青充填.研究区上二叠统礁灰岩是值得注意的油气勘探远景区.     

青海南部治多-杂多-带下石炭统杂多群

在青海南部治多-杂多-带1／25万地质填图中，对杂多群进行了重新划分，自下而上分为下碳酸盐岩组、碎屑岩组和上碳酸盐岩组。下碳酸盐岩组为深灰色中层状生物屑灰岩、鲡粒灰岩夹泥岩、细粒石英砂岩，属于台地边缘浅滩相；碎屑岩组为灰色中层状细粒石英砂岩、泥岩夹灰岩、玄武岩，属于三角洲相、陆棚相和台地边缘浅滩相；上碳酸盐岩组为灰色中厚层状生物屑灰岩，见燧石结核和条带，为陆棚相和台地相沉积。丰富的筵类、非筵有孔虫、珊瑚化石，表明杂多群地质时代为早石炭世大塘期-德坞期。根据岩性组合、生物群面貌杂多群与青海南部杂多-囊谦地区杂多群、西藏东部昌都地区马查拉群可很好地对比。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统 阿木山组的沉积特征和时代

额济纳旗地区是阿木山组分布的最西端,产出于伸展背景下的裂谷环境,火山岩比较发育,从下到上可分为火山岩段、灰岩段和碎屑岩段。火山岩段和灰岩段产丰富 的 类化石,灰岩段下部产丰富的珊瑚化石。珊瑚化石的时代主要为晚石炭世, 类从下到上分别属于Triticites组合和Pseudoschwagerina组合,从而确定阿木山组的3个岩性段之间以叠覆关系为主,地质时代为晚石炭世至早二叠世,其中火山岩段为晚石炭世小独山期或更早;灰岩段下部为小独山期,上部为紫松期;碎屑岩段为早二叠世紫松期或更晚一些至隆林期。     

THE PERMIAN SYSTEM OF THE NUJIANG—LANCANGJIANG—JINSHAJIANG AREA, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

THE PERMIAN SYSTEM OF THE NUJIANG—LANCANGJIANG—JINSHAJIANG AREA, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统阿木山组的沉积特征和时代

额济纳旗地区是阿木山组分布的最西端,产出于伸展背景下的裂谷环境,火山岩比较发育,从下到上可分为火山岩段、灰岩段和碎屑岩段。火山岩段和灰岩段产丰富的类化石,灰岩段下部产丰富的珊瑚化石。珊瑚化石的时代主要为晚石炭世,类从下到上分别属于Triticites组合和Pseudoschwagerina组合,从而确定阿木山组的3个岩性段之间以叠覆关系为主,地质时代为晚石炭世至早二叠世,其中火山岩段为晚石炭世小独山期或更早;灰岩段下部为小独山期,上部为紫松期;碎屑岩段为早二叠世紫松期或更晚一些至隆林期。     

雪峰古陆边缘上石炭统

雪峰古陆边缘石岩统为一套滨浅海碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积。下部黄龙组为白云岩，灰岩和砾岩及少量硝岩互层，上部船山组为灰岩，白云质与砂岩及少量砂岩互层，船山组含Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｅｓ带和Ｐｓｅｎｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｎｉｎａ带。整个上石炭统碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩交替出现，属海水浅的滨海陆脊滩相至局限台地相。     

Experimental investigation of limestone of the Faiyah Range area,United Arab Emirates

The paper presents results of a laboratory experimental program performed on limestone rock samples, using both physical and mechanical methods. The studied rocks (Simsima Formation, Upper Cretaceous) can be classified as highly ferruginous and highly fossilliferous limestone. The lower part of the Simsima Formation contains common fauna such as Orbittoids, rhodolithic and rudists, whereas the upper part of the limestone is interbedded with conglomerates. Detailed geological, petrographic in addition to physical and mechanical tests were carried out on some representative samples from the Faiyah area, aiming at getting a better understanding of the important properties of these rocks. It is shown that the uniaxial unconfined compressive stress is the controlling factor of classification of the Faiyah limestone.     

Morphological Variation of Conodonts Platyvillosus from Yinkeng Formation in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

A preciously undescribed Lower Triassic sequence of a series of multiple cycles of mud-lime rocks, with the argillaceous content decreasing upward while limestone becomes the dominant lithology in the upper part, contains abundant fossils such as conodonts, ammonoids and bivalves. The Yinkeng Formation is the oldest Triassic unit represented, and it conformably overlies dark-gray thin-bedded argillaceous silicalite and intercalated grayish illite clay interbeds of the Upper Permian of Dalong Formation.Conodont samples collected from west Pingdingshan Section, one of four measured sections in Chaoha,yielded abundant Lower Triassic conodonts from the middle part of the Yinkeng Formation. Most interesting and unmaml is the abundant occurrence of Platyvillosus in seven samples from the Flemingites-Euflemingites bearing (Smithian) mudstone, rhyolitic clay and limestone part of the section. The associated conodonts are Neospathodus dieneri type 1, N. dieneri type 2. N. dieneri type 3, N. cristagalli, N. waagenieowaageni (nov. subsp. ), N. waagenielongata (nov. subsp. ), N. waageniwaageni,N. sp. G (nov. sp. ), N. sp. L (nov. sp. ), N. sp. H (nov. sp. ), N. alberti, N. novaehollandiae,N. peculiaris, N. aff. discretus, N. conservativus, Parachirognathodus sp. and ramiform elements.The species Platyvillosus. which is restricted to a 1.32 m interval, reveals great variety in shape and denticle ornamentation pattern on the platform. The morphological study of the samples indicates that all speciemens with denticles on the upper surface can be included in intraspecific variation in Platyvillosus costatus (Staesche). Platyvillosus hamadai (Koike), marked by smooth upper surface, also appears to be connected by transitional forms in some samples. The fauna corresponds closely with that of the Taho limestone in Japan, although the depositional environments differ. The associated lithologies of the Yinkeng Formation within Chaohu area reflect a deeper and low energy remaining basin of the northern edge of the Lower Yangtze block.     

黔北及邻区上二叠统底部高岭土矿床地质特征及成因

广泛产于黔北地区的高岭土矿在地理分布上与川南一带的叙永式高岭土矿是连续的(图1),其矿床地质特征也颇相似。该类矿床最早在四川见有报导、开采和利用。1982年关铁麟同志据该矿床地质特征认定其为古风化壳残余矿床,并命名为叙永式高岭土矿床。我队曾在黔北及川南叙永一带开展区调工作,在搜集前人有关资料的基础上,开展了部分普查找矿工作后,据其特征将矿床成因划为风化淋积矿床。