Carboniferous porphyry Cu (-Au) mineralization of the West Junggar region,NW China: the Shiwu example

ABSTRACT

The West Junggar region, located in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is characterized by extensive Carboniferous magmatism and porphyry Cu (-Au) deposits. The Shiwu porphyry Cu-Au deposit, located in the east of the Barluk Mountains, the West Junggar region, is not only a newly discovered deposit but also a representative porphyry Cu-Au deposit in this area. The volcanic rocks (including andesite and tuff) and intrusive rocks (including diorite, quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyry, and tonalite porphyry) occurred in the Shiwu area and the mineralization associated with the quartz diorite porphyry. The secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb ages of quartz diorite porphyry and tonalite porphyry are 310.4 ± 2.3 Ma and 310.1 ± 2.4 Ma, respectively, indicating that the Shiwu deposit is related to the Late Carboniferous magmatism. Intrusive rocks, which were characterized by the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and pronounced negative high field strength elements (HFSEs), belong to the calc-alkaline or tholeiitic series. Their (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_I, and εNd(t) values range from 0.703569 to 0.704311, 0.512488 to 0.512512, and 4.9 to 5.3, respectively. Volcanic rocks, which belong to the calc-alkaline series, have similar geochemical features as the intrusive rocks, and their (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i, and εNd(t) values, respectively, are 0.703704–0.704071, 0.512520–0.512542, and 5.49–5.92. These characters indicate that the igneous rocks in the Shiwu area derived dominantly from the mantle and formed in an island arc setting. These characters also further confirmed that the Barluk Mountains is still in an island arc setting in the Late Carboniferous and the accretionary orogenesis can exist until 310 Ma at least.     

西准噶尔谢米斯台山西北段中志留世火山岩地球化学与Sr-Nd-Os同位素特征及其地质意义

西准噶尔谢米斯台山火山岩近期报道形成于志留纪而非之前认为的中泥盆世,但有关中志留世火山岩特征及构造意义研究较弱。本文对西准噶尔谢米斯台山西北段乌兰浩特中志留世玄武岩、玄武安山岩样品进行了系统的地球化学主量、微量元素与Sr-Nd-Os同位素特征分析。火山岩样品表现出高MgO(5.15%~7.81%)、镁值(56.0~60.7)和低CaO(4.56%~5.09%)、FeOT/MgO(1.15~1.40)的特征,属于高镁火山岩类。玄武岩的εNd(t)值为+2.65,87Sr/86Sr和~(187)Os/~(188)Os初始比值分别为0.70439和0.4901。略显富集的同位素比值与高Th/Yb值(2.2~2.7)、低Ba/La值(17.4~33.4)表明其可能是受洋底沉积物熔体交代地幔部分熔融的产物,并遭受了一定程度地壳混染。火山岩样品为钙碱性,具有轻稀土和大离子亲石元素富集、Nb和Ta亏损等弧岩浆特征,推测乌兰浩特中志留世火山岩形成于与准噶尔洋板片由南向北俯冲有关的弧后环境。     

Petrogenesis of mid-Carboniferous volcanics and granitic intrusions from western Junggar Basin boreholes: geodynamic implications for the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in Northwest China

The western Junggar Basin is located on the southeastern margin of the West Junggar terrane, Northwest China. Its sedimentary fill, magma petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and formation ages are important for understanding the Carboniferous tectonic evolution and continental growth of the Junggar terrane and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This paper documents a set of new zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic data and whole-rock elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic analytical results for the Carboniferous strata and associated intrusions obtained from boreholes in the western Junggar Basin. The Carboniferous strata comprise basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite with minor pyroclastic rocks, intruded by granitic intrusions with zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of 327–324 Ma. The volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline and show low high ε_Nd(t) values (5.3–5.6) and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703561–0.703931), strong enrichment in LREEs, and some LILEs and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti. Furthermore, they also display high (La/Sm)_N (1.36–1.63), Zr/Nb, and La/Yb, variable Ba/La and Ba/Th and constant Th/Yb ratios. These geochemical data, together with low Sm/Yb (1.18–1.38) and La/Sm (2.11–2.53) ratios, suggest that these volcanic rocks were derived from a 5–8% partial melting of a mainly spinel Iherzolite-depleted mantle metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and melts of some sediments in an island-arc setting. In contrast, the granitic intrusions represent typical adakite geochemical features of high Sr and low Y and Yb contents, with no significant Eu anomalies, high Mg#, and depleted ε_Nd(t) (5.6–6.4) and ε_Hf(t) (13.7–16.2) isotopic compositions, suggesting their derivation from partial melting of hot subducted oceanic crust. In combination with the previous work, the West Junggar terrane and adjacent western Junggar Basin are interpreted as a Mariana-type arc system driven by northwestward subduction of the Junggar Ocean, possibly with a tectonic transition from normal to ridge subduction commencing ca. at 331–327 Ma.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in Karamay region of West Junggar,Northwest China

ABSTRACT

Zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical analyses are reported for a suite of the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks from West Junggar (Northwest China), southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), with the aim to investigate the sources, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb analysis from an andesite yielded concordant weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 345 ± 3 Ma, indicating the presence of early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar. The early Carboniferous volcanic rocks consist of basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite. Geochemically, all the samples bear the signature of ocean island basalt (OIB), and are characterized by alkaline affinity with minor variations in SiO₂ compositions (45.13–53.05 wt.%), high concentrations of Na₂O + K₂O (5.08–8.89 wt.%) and TiO₂ (1.71–3.35 wt.%), and LREE enrichment and HREE depletion ((La/Yb)_N = 7.1–12.4), with weak Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.9–1.1) and no obvious Nb, Ta, and Ti negative anomalies. These features suggest that the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks were derived from an OIB-related source that consists of oceanic lithosphere with ~1–3% degree partial melting of garnet lherzolite. From these observations, in combination with previous work, we conclude that the early Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in Karamay region formed by upwelling of asthenospheric mantle through a slab window in a forearc setting during consumption of the West Junggar Ocean. Meanwhile, seamounts, which formed in the Late Devonian and were accreted and subducted in Karamay arc, also brought geological effects in the subduction zone.     

A-type granites induced by a breaking-off and delamination of the subducted Junggar oceanic plate,West Junggar,Northwest China

The A-type granites with highly positive ε_Nd(t) values in the West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), have long been perceived as a group formed under the same tectonic and geodynamic setting, magmatic sourceq and petrogenetic model. Geological evidence shows that these granites occurred at two different tectonic units related to the southeastern subduction of Junggar oceanic plate: the Hongshan and Karamay granites emplaced in the southeast of West Junggar in the Baogutu continental arc; whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites formed in the accretionary prism. Here the authors present new bulk-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes data on these granites. The granites in the Baogutu continental arc and accretionary prism contain similar zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+10.9 to +16.2) and bulk-rock geochemical characteristics (high SiO₂ and K₂O contents, enriched LILEs (except Sr), depleted Sr, Ta and Ti, and negative anomalies in Ce and Eu). The Hongshan and Karamay granites in the Baogutu continental arc have older zircon U-Pb ages (315–305 Ma) and moderate ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+6.41‰–+7.96‰); whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites in the accretionary prism have younger zircon U-Pb ages (305–301 Ma) with higher ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+8.72‰–+9.89‰). The authors deduce that the elevated ¹⁸O enrichments of the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were probably inherited from low-temperature altered oceanic crusts. The Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were originated from partial melting of low-temperature altered oceanic crusts with juvenile oceanic sediments below the accretionary prism. The Hongshan and Karamay granites were mainly derived from partial melting of basaltic juvenile lower crust with mixtures of potentially chemical weathered ancient crustal residues and mantle basaltic melt (induced by hot intruding mantle basaltic magma at the bottom of the Baogutu continental arc). On the other hand, the Miaoergou charnockite might be sourced from a deeper partial melting reservoir under the accretionary prism, consisting of the low-temperature altered oceanic crust, juvenile oceanic sediments, and mantle basaltic melt. These granites could be related to the asthenosphere’s counterflow and upwelling, caused by the break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic plate beneath the accretionary prism Baogutu continental arc in a post-collisional tectonic setting.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

西准噶尔洋中海山及其俯冲带处地质效应

随着研究的不断深入,在中亚造山带(CAOB)不断有不同时代的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)被识别出来。在中亚造山带西南缘的西准噶尔地区的多条蛇绿混杂岩带中,也存在具有OIB特征的玄武岩。这些玄武岩呈枕状,与超基性岩、辉长岩、块状玄武岩、灰岩及紫红色硅质岩等紧密共生。地球化学研究表明枕状玄武岩均为碱性系列,具有较高的TiO2含量(大多>2.5%)、强烈富集轻稀土元素、无明显Nb、Ta负异常,与典型的OIB极为相似,认为其可能形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山环境。通过对海山的发展阶段分析认为,西准噶尔地区海山应该发展到爆炸海山阶段,因为其中发育大量的枕状熔岩。海山中火山岩或火山碎屑沉积物富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,海山的俯冲将对弧及弧后地区火山岩地球化学产生明显影响,而西准噶尔地区泥盆纪-石炭纪火山岩中恰恰存在海山的信号。因此,海山俯冲模式可能能更好地解释西准噶尔地区火山岩中存在OIB特征火山岩的成因。另外,海山俯冲还存在潜在的资源效应,因此应该寻找和研究古海山及火山岛链俯冲的迹象,将对进一步找金铜等矿提供可靠依据。     

Early Carboniferous intra-oceanic arc and back-arc basin system in the West Junggar,NW China

A series of Lower Carboniferous volcanic rocks occur in the Hatu, Darbut, and Baogutu areas of Xinjiang Province. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb isotopic data indicate that two samples of these rocks coevally erupted at 324.0 ± 2.8 Ma and 324.9 ± 3.4 Ma. Three detailed profile measurements show that the volcanics include the Hatu basalt, the Baogutu andesite and dacite, and the Darbut andesite. Whole-rock compositions suggest that the Hatu volcanics are tholeiites and have a mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like signature with a small negative Nb anomaly, suggesting formation in a back-arc basin. Their isotopic compositions (?Nd(t) = +2.2 to +4.0, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i = 0.70414 to 0.70517) suggest a mixing origin from depleted to enriched mantle sources. In contrast, the Baogutu and Darbut rocks are andesite and dacite possessing a transitional tholeiite to calc–alkaline character and have E-MORB-like and OIB signatures, with a marked negative Nb anomaly and Th/Yb-enrichment, indicating that they were generated in a subduction zone setting. Isotopically, they display consistently depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i = 0.70377–0.70469, ?Nd(t) = 1.0–5.2], suggesting that they were derived from a depleted mantle, and that fluid and sediments were involved in their petrogenesis. These features suggest that an early Carboniferous intra-oceanic arc and back-arc basin system generated the studied volcanic units in the West Junggar.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic settings of the Late Carboniferous Jiamantieliek and Baogutu ore-bearing porphyry intrusions in the southern West Junggar,NW China

Porphyry Cu deposits occurred in the southern West Junggar of Xinjiang, NW China and are represented by the Baogutu and newly-discovered Jiamantieliek porphyry Cu deposits. Petrographical and geochemical studies show that both Jiamantieliek and Baogutu ore-bearing intrusions comprise main-stage diorite stock and minor late-stage diorite porphyry dikes and are the calc-alkaline intermediate intrusions. Based on U–Pb zircon SHRIMP analyses, the Jiamantieliek intrusion formed in 313 ± 4 Ma and 310 ± 5 Ma, while, based on U–Pb zircon SIMS analyses, the Baogutu intrusion formed in 313 ± 2 Ma and 312 ± 2 Ma. Rocks in the Jiamantieliek intrusion are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE) with negative Nb anomaly. Their isotopic compositions (ε_Nd(t) = +1.6 to +3.4, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70369–0.70401, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 15.31–5.41) suggest a mixing origin from depleted to enriched mantle sources. In the Baogutu intrusion, the rocks are similar to those of the Jiamantieliek intrusion. Their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition (ε_Nd(t) = +4.4 to +6.0, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70368–0.70385, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 15.34–5.42) shows a more depleted mantle source. These features suggest generation in an island arc. The Jiamantieliek and Baogutu intrusions have similar characteristics, indicating that a relatively uniform and integrated source region has existed in the southern West Junggar since the Palaeozoic. A larger contribution of calc-alkaline magma would be required to generate the Jiamantieliek intrusion, which may reflect the development of magma arc maturation towards the western section of the southern West Junggar.     

新疆西准噶尔巴尔努克早石炭世富Nb岛弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

黑山头组玄武岩-玄武安山岩组合是西准噶尔早石炭世海相火山-沉积建造的重要组成部分,其与高Mg安山岩及O型adakite共生。此次分析的所有样品均为玄武质岩石,Si O2含量为49.62%~55.68%,平均为52.70%;明显高Ti O2(1.16%~1.99%),平均为1.56%;显著富Na2O而贫K2O,Na2O为3.17%~6.35%,平均为4.90%,Na2O/K2O为1.19~26.08,绝大多数样品该比值4(平均8.93)。样品明显富集Nb、Sr、Zr等,Nb含量均7×10-6(7.29×10-6~12.32×10-6,平均为9.48×10-6);全部样品Sr均400×10-6(618×10-6~1107×10-6,平均为825×10-6);Zr158×10-6(159×10-6~217×10-6,平均为182.6×10-6);Zr/Y比值4(6.63~11.09,平均为8.62)。显著高于一般岛弧玄武质岩类。轻稀土明显富集而重稀土亏损显著,且有基本一致的弱正Eu异常。(La/Nb)PM比值0.7(1.23~2.26,平均1.94),(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7035~0.7039;143Nd/144Nd=0.5128~0.5129;εNd(t)=5.49~7.13。这些地球化学特征与Sajona et al.(1993,1994,1996)确立的富Nb岛弧玄武岩基本一致,而与一般岛弧玄武岩有显著区别。这一发现,为确认西准噶尔早石炭世存在富Nb岛弧玄武岩提供了地球化学佐证,丰富了新疆乃至我国富Nb岛弧玄武岩的产地与层位,也为确认本区早石炭世岛弧构造环境提供了重要依据。     

西准噶尔巴尔雷克一带石炭系黑山头组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造环境

内容提要：西准噶尔巴尔雷克山南部的石炭系黑山头组火山岩主要由灰-灰紫色（气孔）杏仁状安山岩、杏仁状玄武安山岩组成,属亚碱性系列。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为349±8Ma,MSWD=0.14（95%置信度）,时代属早石炭世。Mg#介于23.82~50.45,全碱含量（Na2O+K2O=3.74%~8.02%）较高且相对富钠,轻稀土（LREE）相对富集（（La/Yb）N=2.87~13.41）且分馏较好（（La/Sm）N值均大于1（1.46~3.41）,重稀土分馏较差（（Gd/Yb）N=1.46~3.48）。仅部分样品有微弱的负铕异常（δEu=0.82~1.47）。大离子亲石元素（LILE）Ba、Th、K、Sr相对富集,其中Ba、K的富集尤为明显,高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ta相对亏损,Ti轻微亏损,Zr、Hf略富集。地球化学特征表明其为俯冲带流体交代岩石圈地幔的产物,综合分析认为其形成于活动大陆边缘环境。黑山头组火山岩时代的确定及构造环境信息为进一步认识西准噶尔巴尔雷克一带的构造演化提供了新的证据。     

Palaeozoic multiphase magmatism at Barleik Mountain,southern West Junggar,Northwest China: implications for tectonic evolution of the West Junggar

The West Junggar lies in the southwest part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and consists of Palaeozoic ophiolitic mélanges, island arcs, and accretionary complexes. The Barleik ophiolitic mélange comprises several serpentinite-matrix strips along a NE-striking fault at Barleik Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Several small late Cambrian (509–503 Ma) diorite-trondhjemite plutons cross-cut the ophiolitic mélange. These igneous bodies are deformed and display island arc calc-alkaline affinities. Both the mélange and island arc plutons are uncomfortably covered by Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary rocks and Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircons (n = 104) from the Devonian sandstone yield a single age population of 452–517 million years, with a peak age of 474 million years. The Devonian–Carboniferous strata are invaded by an early Carboniferous (327 Ma) granodiorite, late Carboniferous (315–311 Ma) granodiorites, and an early Permian (277 Ma) K-feldspar granite. The early Carboniferous pluton is coeval with subduction-related volcano-sedimentary strata in the central West Junggar, whereas the late Carboniferous–early Permian intrusives are contemporary with widespread post-collisional magmatism in the West Junggar and adjacent regions. They are typically undeformed or only slightly deformed.

Our data reveal that island arc calc-alkaline magmatism occurred at least from middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician time as constrained by igneous and detrital zircon ages. After accretion to another tectonic unit to the south, the ophiolitic mélange and island arc were exposed, eroded, and uncomfortably overlain by the Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary strata. The early Carboniferous arc-related magmatism might reflect subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the central Junggar. Before the late Carboniferous, the oceanic basins apparently closed in this area. These different tectonic units were stitched together by widespread post-collisional plutons in the West Junggar during the late Carboniferous–Permian. Our data from the southern West Junggar and those from the central and northern West Junggar and surroundings consistently indicate that the southwest part of the CAOB was finally amalgamated before the Permian.     

新疆东准噶尔扎河坝钾质玄武岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

扎河坝钾质火山岩位于准噶尔盆地的东北缘,下泥盆统托让格库都克组内。这些火山岩以玄武岩为主,具有较高的K2O含量(1.66%～4.63%)和K2O/Na2O值(0.36～1.65),并富Sr(665×10-6～906×10-6)、Ba(680×10-6～1596×10-6)等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土(La/YbPM>8),显示出钾玄质岩石的特征。同时,这些岩石具有较高的TiO2(～1.7%),P2O5(～0.8%)和高场强元素含量,类似于高铌玄武岩。尽管具有较高的Nb含量(Nb=21×10-6～23×10-6),这些岩石仍呈现出明显的Nb～Ta亏损,显示了典型的岛弧特征。高的Nb/Yb(～5.9),Nb/Ta(19～21),Zr/Hf(46～51)值以及较高的钾含量表明这些岩石来自一个经交代作用富集的地幔源区。单纯的消减板块脱水难以造成高场强元素的富集,这些岩石较高的Ce/Th(47～50),Ce/Pb(13～19)和Ba/Th(341～777)值并缺乏明显的负铈异常等特征排除了消减沉积物熔体的加入。导致地幔富集的变质组份可能为来自消减板块的低程度熔体。扎河坝钾质玄武岩与稍早前报道的埃达克与富铌玄武岩一起,反映早泥盆世曾经出现过洋壳的消减事件。准噶尔盆地中存在的特征岛弧岩浆表明热消减机制曾经广泛地出现在准噶尔板块演化的不同历史时期,而岛弧地体在准噶尔盆地基底的组成中可能占有较大的比例。     

西昆仑山中元古代长城系火山岩地球化学

西昆仑山长城系塞拉加兹塔格群为一套火山-沉积岩组合,其火山岩主体为基性岩,在顶部出现少量酸性富Na的流纹英安岩。基性火山岩SiO2=47.77%～49.56%,Na2O K2O=4.64%～5.42%,Na2O/K2O=2.32～8.46,ΣREE=74.29×10-6～137.35×10-6La/YbN=6.5～10.0La/SmN=2.35～2.91微量元素经N-MORB标准化后的配分模式与板内碱性-拉斑玄武岩的相近多种不相容元素HFSE比值及相应的图解表明玄武岩形成于大陆板内裂解背景。酸性火山岩SiO2=70.01%～72.72%Na2O K2O=7.83%～8.27%ΣREE=402.97×10-6～826.55×10-6,(La/Yb)N=11.58～30.68,(La/Sm)N=5.1～10.5,δEu为0.31～0.32,稀土配分模式具有A型花岗岩特征。火山岩的沉积学、地球化学特征综合分析显示火山岩形成于大陆裂解背景。     

新疆西准噶尔塔北地区晚古生代中酸性侵入岩的成因分析

塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区位于西准噶尔北部,中酸性岩浆侵入作用十分强烈。本文对塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区西段的塔北地区出露的克孜贝提、哲北、巴斯、卡姆斯台、阿西和科鲁克6个代表性中酸性岩体的地质、成岩年代和地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明,塔北地区中酸性岩浆作用可分为早石炭世早期(343~338Ma)、早石炭世晚期(328~324Ma)和晚石炭世(315Ma)三个阶段:早石炭世早期中酸性岩体包括克孜贝提、哲北岩体;岩性主要为闪长岩,具有碱性、过铝质岩石的特点;早石炭世晚期中酸性岩体包括巴斯、卡姆斯台和阿西岩体,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,具有钙碱性-碱性和准铝质-过铝质岩石的特点;晚古生代中酸性侵入岩体为科鲁克岩体,岩性为钾长花岗岩,具有碱性和过铝质岩石的特点。从早石炭世至晚石炭世,塔北地区中酸性岩具有向富K、Si和贫Ca演化的趋势,研究源区以壳源为主、有幔源物质混入的特征;岩浆演化具有分离结晶增强、围岩混染减弱的特点。塔北地区早石炭世早期中酸性岩体形成于俯冲岛弧环境,早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世岩浆侵位于后碰撞环境。     

Genesis of late carboniferous granitoid intrusions in the Dayinsu area,West Junggar,Northwest China: evidence of an arc setting for the western CAOB

ABSTRACT

The Dayinsu area is located in the northern part of the West Junggar district near the border between China and Kazakhstan and is an important component of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Dayinsu area hosts numerous granitoid plutons in Devonian–Carboniferous volcano–sedimentary strata. The older Laodayinsu and Kubei (345–330 Ma) plutons are located in the west with the younger Bayimuzha and Qianfeng (330–325 Ma) plutons in the east. The whole-rock SiO₂ contents of the four granitoid plutons range from 52.22 to 68.42 wt.% and total alkaline contents (K₂O + Na₂O) range from 4.94 to 9.16 wt.%. The granites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements with depletions in Nb, Ta, Ce, Pr, P, and Ti. The plutons are metaluminous with I-type signatures. The geochemistry of the intrusions suggests that they formed in a subduction zone setting, and subsequently underwent fractional crystallization during emplacement, with higher degrees of fractionation in the eastern sector than in the west. Similarities in the geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the granitoid plutons in Dayinsu to those in the Tabei district (west to Dayinsu area) suggest that both districts are part of the Carboniferous Tarbagatay Mountain intrusive event. The early Carboniferous (345–324 Ma) granitoid intrusions in the Tarbagatay Mountain likely formed in an island arc subduction setting during the evolution of the CAOB.     

准噶尔盆地火山岩分类研究与应用

岩石分类一直是人们长期探索的课题。由于油气勘探的需要,针对储层研究的盆地火山岩分类已经成为火成岩研究的重要新方向。在综合分析国内外火山岩分类研究的基础上,根据3条野外剖面和21口钻井岩心岩屑的观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定和化学成分分析等资料,依照结构-成分-成因分类原则,建立了适于储层评价的准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩及其他岩类的岩性分类体系和识别标准。将本区火山岩划分为火山熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉火山碎屑岩等4大类;同时将盆地内与火山岩共生的其他岩类也进行分类和识别,共划分出8大类45种基本类型。与我国东部的中新生代盆地火山岩不同,本区古生代火山岩普遍遭受较长期风化改造和蚀变作用,常见有绿泥石化、碳酸盐化和黏土矿化。这些蚀变会影响到TAS图解岩性判别的结果,因此笔者探讨了蚀变条件下的岩石识别和定名方法。本文分类体系针对火山岩储层研究,结果显示,基于该分类体系岩性与储集空间的类型及其变化规律呈现明显相关性,不同岩性的储集空间类型、组合方式和发育程度存在差异,由此可指导火山岩油气勘探。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区二叠纪火山活动规律

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区位于新疆阿勒泰的吉木乃县及塔城地区和丰县。区内泥盆纪—二叠纪均有火山活动,其中二叠纪火山作用尤为强烈。二叠纪火山岩地层包括哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组,哈尔加乌组为一套陆相中基性-中性火山岩及火山碎屑岩,卡拉岗组为一套陆相中基性-中酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩。哈尔加乌—卡拉岗旋回火山岩主要岩性包括橄榄玄武岩、玄武岩、粗玄岩、安山岩、粗安岩、流纹岩、火山碎屑岩等。根据火山岩地层综合剖面以及火山岩的岩石学、岩相学特征,萨吾尔地区二叠纪火山活动由早至晚可分为5个阶段:中性喷发阶段、间歇性基性喷发阶段、酸性爆发及喷溢阶段、小规模中性间歇性爆发及喷溢阶段、基性喷发阶段;火山岩为陆相火山岩,具有双峰式特征,形成于伸展的构造背景下。     

东准噶尔东北缘后碰撞火山岩成因与构造环境

研究了东准噶尔东北缘5个地区(三塘湖盆地、陆东—五彩湾地区、扎河坝西北、陆梁隆起和贝勒库都克一带)不同时代的8个后碰撞火山岩。岩石岩性以玄武岩和玄武安山岩为主,有少量流纹岩,绝大多数属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列。样品TiO2质量分数较高(0.2%～3.3%),MgO的质量分数分布范围较广(1.11%～10.74%),Mg#指数为12～75,样品全碱含量较高w((Na2O+K2O)=3.4%～10.16%),相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta,弱亏损Zr、Hf和Ti,具有弱的Eu和Ce异常(δEu=0.60～1.21,δCe=0.89～1.15)。样品(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.70278～0.70542,(143Nd/144Nd)i值为0.512517～0.512648,具有高正εNd(t)值(+4～+7.5),La/Nb值(1.0～5.3)均高于原始地幔(0.98～1),Nb/U值(2～37,大部分<30),明显低于MORB和OIB,介于原始地幔和陆壳之间,显示亏损地幔源区特征,同时在某些方面又显示源区富集的特征,可能是由于地壳物质参与岩浆形成的。火山岩在形成时代上属于整个准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动的范围,既显示板内岩浆演化特征,又具有弧火山岩地球化学痕迹,形成于后碰撞伸展垮塌的构造背景,与岩石圈地幔底侵有关,是和东准噶尔东北缘后碰撞花岗岩相匹配的,均形成于后碰撞期。最新获得的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年数据和Rb-Sr等时线年龄对认识准噶尔洋闭合的时限和建立东准噶尔的构造岩浆演化框架提供可靠依据。     

西准噶尔巴音达拉地区卡拉岗组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

西准噶尔巴音达拉地区发育一套酸性火山岩,被称为卡拉岗组,岩石组合以流纹岩、英安岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩等酸性火山岩为主。本文对卡拉岗组火山岩进行高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得英安岩和流纹岩的加权平均²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄分别为（294.4±1.3）Ma（n=9,MSWD=0.8）和（298.4±2.5）Ma（n=9,MSWD=3.4）,其形成于早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,卡拉岗组火山岩岩具有高硅（66.69%~75.21%）,富碱（Na₂O+K₂O：6.98%~8.35%）,低MgO（0.18%~1.32%）,贫钙（0.24%~2.49%）的特征,均属过铝质（A/CNK：1.14~1.33）及高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素数据显示,稀土总量为∑REE为83.82×10^-6~197.61×10^-6,（La/Yb）_N=3.15~12.50,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素（LREE）较为富集,重稀土元素分布相对平坦,球粒陨石标准化配分模式为右倾型。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Th、U、K,并亏损高场强元素（HFSE）_Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合最新区域资料及本文研究成果,文章认为研究区早二叠世卡拉岗组火山岩岩浆来源于壳源物质不同程度的部分熔融,残留相中有少量斜长石和角闪石,为后碰撞伸展阶段的产物。     

新疆西准噶尔苏云河钼矿床成矿流体和成矿时代

苏云河钼矿位于新疆北部西准噶尔巴尔鲁克山西段,隶属于巴尔鲁克山成矿带,由3个花岗岩体组成,矿体主要位于与岩体接触的凝灰岩地层中。辉钼矿的Re-Os模式年龄为293.3±4.0Ma~296.8±4.3Ma,等时线年龄为294.4±1.7Ma,加权平均年龄为295.0±1.5Ma,表明矿化发生于早二叠世。苏云河钼矿床的石英脉中发育3种类型的包裹体:富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体。研究表明,与3个岩体矿化有关的流体具有类似特征,均可以分为3个阶段。早阶段三种类型的包裹体均发育,均一温度491℃,盐度58.6%Na Cleqv,密度1.15g/cm3,具有高温、高盐度、高密度的特征,属Na Cl-CO2-H2O体系。中阶段发育富液相包裹体和富气相包裹体,均一温度为240~443℃,盐度为1.7%~21.0%Na Cleqv,密度为0.38~1.03g/cm3,为中高温、中低盐度、中低密度流体,属Na Cl-CO2-CH4-H2O体系。晚阶段仅发育富液相包裹体,均一温度为153~239℃,盐度为9.6%Na Cleqv,密度为0.81~0.94g/cm3,为中低温、低盐度、中低密度流体,属Na Cl-H2O体系。石英包裹体中水的氢氧同位素研究表明早阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,中阶段和晚阶段为岩浆水和大气水的混合水,并且随着流体演化,大气水所占的比例逐渐升高。除此之外,综合流体包裹体和氢氧同位素地球化学特征表明流体沸腾作用和混合作用是引起苏云河钼矿床矿质沉淀的主要因素。