西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨

李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制.本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与...     

Genesis of the Maanqiao gold deposit in the western Qinling orogen,central China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and in-situ sulfur isotopes

The western Qinling orogen (WQO) is one of the most important prospective gold provinces in China. The Maanqiao gold deposit, located on the southern margin of the Shangdan suture, is a representative gold deposit in the WQO. The Maanqiao deposit is hosted by the metasedimentary rocks of the Upper Devonian Tongyusi Formation. The EW-trending brittle-ductile shear zone controls the orebodies; they occur as disseminated, and auriferous quartz–sulfide vein. The ore-related hydrothermal alteration comprises silicification, sulfidation, sericitization, chloritization, and carbonatization. Native gold is visible and mainly associated with pyrite and pyrrhotite. Mineralization can be classified into the following three stages: bedding-parallel barren quartz–pyrite–(pyrrhotite) (early-stage), auriferous quartz–polymetallic (middle-stage), and carbonate–(quartz)–sulfide (late-stage).Detailed fluid inclusion (FI) studies revealed three types of inclusions in quartz and calcite: aqueous (W-type), CO₂–H₂O (C-type), and pure carbonic (PC-type) FIs. The primary FIs in the early-stage quartz are C- and PC-type, in the middle-stage quartz are mainly W- and C-type, and in the late-stage calcite are only W-type. During gold mineralization, the total FI homogeneous temperatures evolved from 189–375 °C (mostly 260–300 °C) to 132–295 °C (mostly 180–240 °C) to 123–231 °C (mostly 130–150 °C), and the salinities varied among 2.2–9.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 5–8 wt.%) to 0.2–9.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 3–6 wt.%) to 0.3–3.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 2–4 wt.%). The ore-forming fluid was characterized as an H₂O–NaCl−CO₂−CH₄–(N₂) system with medium-low temperature and low salinity. The fluid immiscibility and fluid-rock interaction may be responsible for the precipitation of the sulfides and gold at the Maanqiao gold deposit. Three types of pyrite corresponding to the three mineralization stages, as well as pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite in the middle stage, are micro-analyzed for in-situ sulfur isotopic composition by LA-ICP-MS. Py1 yield near-zero δ³⁴S values of −2.5‰ to 3.0‰, which are somewhat lower than that of the granite hosted pyrites (Py-g, 4.8‰ to 6.6‰). The result suggests a mixed sulfur source from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and the metamorphism of diagenetic pyrite. Pyrite + pyrrhotite + arsenopyrite assemblages in the middle-stage have relatively higher δ³⁴S values (6.6‰ to 12.3‰) and are mainly developed due to the metamorphism of the ore-host and underlying Devonian sedimentary sequences. The low δ³⁴S values of the late-stage fracture-filled Py3 (−21.9‰ to −17.0‰) resulted from an increasing oxygen fugacity, which was caused by the inflow of oxidized meteoric waters.Based on our studies, the Maanqiao gold deposit is considered to be an orogenic type and closely related to the Indosinian Qinling orogeny.     

西秦岭左家庄金矿成因研究:来自黄铁矿微量元素及多元同位素地球化学的制约

左家庄金矿位于西秦岭凤太盆地西北部,金矿体赋存在印支早期何家庄岩体的东西向剪切破碎带内。矿石类型以石英硫化物脉型为主,与西秦岭地区沉积岩控矿为主的特征有显著的差别。流体包裹体测温及成分分析表明,左家庄金矿成矿流体具有含CO2、中低温(122~305 ℃)、低盐度(1.2%~11.8% NaCleq)、浅成(约2.4 km)热液的特征。H-O同位素组成(δDH2O集中在-88.8‰~-81.1‰;δ18OH2O在-0.4‰~+7.6‰)显示成矿初始流体以变质水为主,随着流体向上运移不排除有岩浆水和大气降水的加入。Pb同位素组成显示成矿物质来源于浅部上地壳及造山带内;S同位素组成集中(11.4‰~13.4‰),与凤太盆地内泥盆系沉积岩控金矿相似,且与全球范围内泥盆系控矿造山型金矿组成吻合,反映出泥盆系地层为成矿提供了硫源;热液期黄铁矿原位微量元素分析显示左家庄金矿成矿流体富集Au、As、Cu、Sb、Ag、Pb、Bi等元素,该元素组合与前人分析凤太盆地内泥盆系地层(尤其是中、上泥盆统界面)富集元素特征一致。上述分析一致表明泥盆系地层是左家庄金矿成矿物质来源理想场所。多元同位素对比分析表明,左家庄金矿与凤太盆地内其他金矿在成矿流体及成矿物质来源上具有统一性,但是在矿化形式上有显著区别,其差异可能与二者赋矿围岩性质不同有关。成矿流体沿断裂向上运移过程中,当遇到上泥盆统渗透性较高的千枚岩时发生水岩反应,形成以微细浸染状矿化为主的金矿;当碰到岩体内脆性剪切破碎带时,由于压力释放,流体沸腾,导致矿质迅速沉淀在张性破碎带内,形成石英硫化物脉型左家庄金矿。通过与典型造山型金矿成矿特征对比分析,认为左家庄金矿可划归为浅成造山型金矿床。     

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.     

西秦岭甘南加甘滩金矿床流体包裹体及氢-氧-硫-铅同位素特征

加甘滩金矿床是西秦岭甘肃省甘南藏族自治州夏河-合作矿集区近年发现的资源量最大的金矿床。金矿体赋存在中上三叠统细碎屑岩中, 矿体的产出受NW向逆冲断裂及其次级构造控制, 呈雁行状、羽状分布, 矿体形态为板状、脉状、分叉状。矿床热液期主成矿阶段矿物组合为石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-辉锑矿-自然金。为进一步查明矿床成矿物质来源, 分析矿床成因, 本次在矿床地质调查的基础上, 开展了系统的流体包裹体、氢-氧-硫-铅稳定同位素测试分析。加甘滩金矿主成矿阶段石英包裹体类型为气液两相包裹体, 其中, 富液相两相包裹体最为常见。成矿流体均一温度均值为248.67℃, 盐度均值为3.78‰ NaCl, 具有中低温、低盐度的特征; 石英δ18OH2O值为10.42‰~13.82‰, δD值为-101.2‰~-93.2‰, 成矿流体组成较复杂, 可能既有岩浆水, 也有变质水的参与。主成矿阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ34S值为-13.4‰~-7.5‰, 可能来源于岩浆作用或变质沉积地层; 铅同位素组成相似, 主要来源于造山带铅, 有部分上地壳铅和地幔铅加入。加甘滩金矿床成因类型为与岩浆有关的金矿床, 它的形成与印支期洋壳俯冲产生的深部岩浆作用密切相关。     

南秦岭略阳干河坝金矿床地质地球化学特征

干河坝金矿床是秦岭勉县—略阳构造混杂岩带内发现的首例金矿床。矿床形成经历了前勉略洋沉积建造及基底形成阶段、勉略洋盆沉积预富集阶段、秦岭与扬子板块间陆-陆碰撞拼合和造山后派生出构造叠置改造富集阶段。有利的含矿岩系(含Au3.66×10-9)是金矿形成的物质基础,韧-脆性递进构造变形作用是金成矿的关键控制因素;干河坝金矿为两者叠加的重要产物。矿床主成矿期均一温度137～280℃,具有中—低温热液成矿特征;早—中成矿阶段成矿流体盐度(NaCl)变化于4.5%～23.1%。硫同位素以富集重硫为特征,δ34S值为9.91‰～15.45‰,除火山成因硫强烈分馏外,还有大量沉积岩系地壳硫的加入,显示后期地质改造强烈的成矿作用特点。金呈显微细粒的独立矿物,成矿元素组合为Au-Ag-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn,显示蚀变构造岩外貌的类卡林型金矿床地质特征。     

秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河地区硅质岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

陕西省凤县-太白(凤太)地区位于秦岭造山带的西段,是我国重要的金属成矿集中区之一.本文重点分析凤太地区中泥盆统古道岭组与上泥盆统星红铺组过渡部位的沉积成因硅质岩.它是八方山-二里河铅锌矿床的主要赋矿层位.硅质岩多为灰黑色,块状、层纹状、角砾状构造,致密坚硬,经受过轻微变质作用(主要是重结晶作用),主要组成矿物为细晶、微晶石英,含有少量的铁白云石、方解石、绢云母、炭质.根据地球化学分析,八方山-二里河地区沉积成因硅质岩的SiO_2含量均大于80%,最高者可达95.3%,TiO_2和Al_2O_3明显偏低,高FeO,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值落在0.13～0.64之间.大部分微量元素含量远小于地壳元素丰度,但Ba、As、Sb、B、Ag、Hg含量较高.在V/Y-Ti/V和Ti-V图解中,硅质岩样品投影在洋中脊→大陆边缘的洋盆位置,大部分落在远洋区域,部分靠近大陆边缘.样品稀土元素含量较低,∑REE仅为3.28×10_(-6)～20.66×10_(-6),经北美页岩标准化后的稀土元素配分曲线可以分为H和S两组.H组曲线左倾,富集重稀土(HREE),具有明显的热水成因特征.S组与H组稍有差异,是受非热水沉积作用影响所致.(La/Lu)_N介于0.36～1.99,多分布于0.36～0.70和1.00～1.99两个区间内,分别代表与洋中脊环境相似的的洋盆喷口或断裂附近环境和受一定陆源物质影响的远洋盆地或深海平原环境.(La/Yb)_N值介于0.32～2.21,多分布0.32～0.72和1.74～2.21两个区间内,地质意义与(La/Lu)-N类似.硅质岩样品的(La/Ce)_N值在1.04～3.28,多数大于1,平均为1.62,主要反映大洋盆地(或深海平原)环境,个别样品也表现出大陆边缘沉积特征.研究结果表明,尽管经历了后期成岩作用等,但硅质岩仍整体上较好地保持了初始沉积时的地球化学特征.     

Fluid Inclusions of Orogenic Gold Deposits in the Zhongchuan Area,Western Qinling and Their Geological Significance

Orogenically-derived gold deposits of the Zhongchuan area in the western Qinling are distributed in the exo-contact thermal metamorphic zone. The country rocks hosting the deposits are predominantly of Devonian age with low-grade metamorphism and strong deformation with the ore deposits directly controlled by multi-level tectonic systems. Three types of inclusions from these deposits have been recognized: CO2-H2O, CO2-rich, and aqueous. The ore-forming fluids were mainly CO2-NaCl-H2O type characterized by rich CO2, low salinity, high temperature and immiscibility. Incorporated with earlier isotopic data, the regional geological setting and features of diagenesis and metallogeny, it can be concluded that the ore-forming fluids were derived from deep magma and mixed with meteoric and metamorphic water. The deposits formed during an intra-continent collisional orogeny, and some of the materials derived from the deep might have been involved in the ore-forming process.     

湖北银洞沟银矿床地质特征与成因类型

湖北银洞沟矿床是中国为数不多的较为典型的大型银矿床。文中系统总结了该矿床的地质特征,初步提出了矿床的成因类型。研究结果表明:银洞沟矿床产于秦岭造山带东南部武当群变质火山岩中,矿体受韧性剪切带控制,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和少量蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变矿物组合主要为石英、铁白云石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、黄铁矿等,成矿流体特征为低盐度、低密度、富含CO2±CH4±N2的水溶液,矿床上部为低品位银金矿体,中部为高品位银金矿体和少量铅锌矿体,深部银品位降低,金品位增高,同时出现较厚大铅锌矿体。其地质特征与典型的造山型矿床一致,表明其为一造山型银矿床,矿床矿化分带符合造山型矿床成矿模式——地壳连续模型,因此应该充分重视寻找矿山深部金、铅、锌、铜、钼等接替资源。     

河南破山银矿床地质地球化学特征及成因研究

破山特大型银矿床位于桐柏围山城金银多金属矿带的西端。矿床赋存在新元卉界歪头山组上部的炭质绢云石英片岩中,矿体产出受地层和褶皱构造双重控制,多呈似层状、脉状和透镜状,矿石以蚀变岩型矿石为主。成矿流体属于中温、低盐度、低密度、富CO2的K^＋-SO4^2-型流体,成矿早中阶段以变质流体为主,晚阶段逐渐演化为以大气水为主。成矿物质主要来自于歪头山组地层。热液绢云母和云煌岩脉的钾氩年龄分别为103．6Ma和134Ma,指示矿床形成于早白垩世,即秦岭一桐柏地区的构造环境从挤压向伸展转变的构造背景下。     

Geology and D-O-C Isotope Systematics of the Tieluping Silver Deposit,Henan, China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Tieluping silver deposit, which is sited along NE-trending faults within the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Xiong‘er terrane, is part of an important Mesozoic orogenic-type Ag-Pb and Au belt recently discovered. Ore formation includes three stages: Early (E), Middle (M) and Late (L), which include quartz-pyrite (E),polymetallic sulfides (M) and carbonates (L), respectively. The E-stage fluids are characterized by δD=-90%c,δ^13CCO2=2.0‰ and δ^18O=9‰ at 373℃, and are deeply sourced; the L-stage fluids, with δD=-70‰, δ^13C CO2=-1.3%c and δ^18O=-2‰, are shallow-sourced meteoric water; whereas the M-stage fluids, with δD=-109‰, δ^13C CO2=0.1%c and δ^18O2‰, are a mix of deep-sourced and shallow-sourced fluids. Comparisons of the D-O-C isotopic systematics of the Estage ore-forming fluids with the fluids derived from Mesozoic granites, Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Xiong‘er Group, show that these units cannot generate fluids with the measured isotopic composition (high δ^180 and δ^13C ratios and low δD ratios) characteristic of the ore-forming fluids. This suggests that the E-stage ore-forming fluids originated from metamorphic devolatilization of a carbonate-shale-chert lithological association, locally rich in organic matter, which could correspond to the Meso-Neoproterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, rather than to geologic units in the Xiong‘er terrane, the lower crust and the mantle. This supports the view that the rocks of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups south of the Machaoying fault might be the favorable sources. A tectonic model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and hydrothermal fluid flow is proposed to explain the formation of the Tieluping silver deposit. During the Mesozoic collision between the South and North China paleocontinents, a crustal slab containing a lithological association consisting of carbonate-shale-chert, locally rich in organic matter (carbonaceous shale) was thrust northwards beneath the Xiong‘er terrane along the Machaoying fault.Metamorphic devolatilization of this underthrust slab provided the ore-forming fluids to develop the Au-Ag-(Pb-Zn) ore belt, which includes the Tieluping silver deposit.     

北秦岭南台钼多金属矿床成矿流体和稳定同位素研究

南台钼多金属矿床产于北秦岭构造带宽坪群内,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜体状赋存于花岗斑岩内及其与宽坪群大理岩的接触带。矿化主要呈浸染状、团块状和细脉浸染状。围岩蚀变主要为硅化-钾硅酸盐化、矽卡岩化和碳酸盐岩化。矿床的形成经历了高温蚀变-矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期,钼多金属矿化主要形成于石英-硫化物期。斑晶石英和辉钼矿-石英脉中主要发育4种流体包裹体：L型富液相包裹体、V型富气相包裹体、C型含CO₂包裹体和S型含子晶多相包裹体。早阶段斑晶石英中发育140～200℃、220～280℃、340～400℃ 3个均一温度区间,主成矿期辉钼矿-石英脉中发育120～180℃、200～240℃和280～380℃ 3个均一温度区间,晚阶段无矿石英脉中仅发育120～240℃一个低温区间。早阶段斑晶石英中的包裹体盐度显示57.90%～>73.96%、30.06%～38.01%、3.39%～18.55% 3个不连续的区间,主成矿期的辉钼矿石英脉和晚期无矿石英脉中的盐度范围分别为0.43%～12.85%、1.91%～10.73%。在成矿早阶段的斑晶石英和主成矿期石英辉钼矿脉的3个温度区间,均出现S型、C型、L型、V型等两种或两种以上包裹体共存且均一温度相近,流体沸腾作用明显,表明流体的多次沸腾是南台钼多金属矿床矿质沉淀的重要机制,这一机制与北秦岭秋树湾铜(钼)矿床的成矿机制相似。硫化物的δ³⁴S值集中于-0.3‰～7.2‰,平均3.1‰,表明硫来自深部岩浆。含硫化物石英的δD_V-SMOW值介于-103‰～-76‰之间,δ¹⁸O_H2O的值为4.01‰～5.55‰,表明主成矿阶段的成矿流体主要为岩浆水,混合有大气降水。     

西秦岭阳山金矿带花岗斑岩元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学

甘肃阳山金矿带的花岗斑岩脉中含有石榴子石,A/CNK=1.65～3.65,属于强过铝质花岗岩类.花岗斑岩相对富集LILE和LREE,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等,配分模式类似于典型同碰撞型花岗岩类;花岗斑岩ΣREE=54.35～124.01×10-6,(La/Yb)N=9.72-27.80,δEu=0.70～0.89,表明其岩浆形成时部分斜长石进入熔体,而非完全残留.花岗斑岩Isr值为0.70806～0.71756,平均0.71107;εNd(t)值变化于-2.9～-5.0,平均-3.4;Nd模式年龄(T2DM)为1.24～1.41Ga,平均1.34(Ga).以上同位素特征表明花岗斑岩岩浆应源自成熟度较低的中元古代基底地壳物质.花岗斑岩的(206pb/204Pb)220Ma、(207pb/204Pb)220Ma和(206pb/204Pb)220Ma的平均值分别为17.875、15.604和38.296,与秦岭微陆块的中元古代基底和碧口地体碧口群的Pb同位素组成一致.考虑到前人获得碧口群的年龄为1.235～1.367Ga,而秦岭微陆块沿勉略缝合带向南仰冲到碧口地体之上.我们认为由碧口群等组成的俯冲板片的变质脱水熔融作用导致了阳山金矿带花岗斑岩的形成.因此,阳山金矿带的花岗斑岩是扬子与华北大陆中生代碰撞造山过程中形成的同碰撞花岗岩类.     

西秦岭地区造山型与卡林型金矿床

西秦岭金矿床分为卡林型和造山型两类。卡林型金矿床麇集于南秦岭和松潘—甘孜造山带的东北部。三叠纪和早侏罗世的同构造花岗闪长岩广泛分布于西秦岭中部和南部、松潘—甘孜盆地以及扬子克拉通边缘。造山型脉状金矿床主要分布于西秦岭造山带中的脆韧性剪切带内。大部分粗粒金主要赋存在网格状石英细脉和角砾状围岩中的黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂和少量贱金属硫化物中和以分散状分布在蚀变围岩中。同位素资料表明晚三叠世 -中侏罗世与扬子克拉通俯冲有关的作用控制了造山型金矿床的形成。     

辽宁朝阳东五家子金矿床成因类型讨论

东五家子金矿矿脉围岩主要是太古宙建平群变质中基性火山岩。矿脉、围岩、脉岩及区域岩浆岩都具有负Eu异常(δEu为0.2～0.4) , LREE /HREE为3.4～11.6, (La /Yb) N为6.2～40.7, 轻重稀土分馏程度较高, 配分曲线有右倾趋势, 说明在物质来源方面可能有一定的联系。矿石中黄铁矿和方铅矿δ34 S的变化范围为1.91 ×10-3 ～3.14 ×10-3 , 具有幔源硫的特征。氢、氧同位素组成的投影点介于岩浆水和大气降水之间, 成矿流体以岩浆水为主, 后期混入大气降水, 成矿温度为144.6 ℃～ 183 ℃, 成矿压力为(41.8～46.0) ×106 Pa, 矿化深度为5.12～5.39 km, 属造山型金矿中的中浅成金矿床。     

西秦岭尹家坪金矿地质特征及矿床成因

尹家坪金矿位于西秦岭褶皱系南秦岭印支褶皱带北缘,矿体赋存于海西—印支期侵入的闪长岩岩体及围岩接触部位。文章分析了尹家坪金矿体产出的地质特征及矿床成因,认为地层岩性及火山喷发、断裂构造、岩浆岩作用三位一体控制着尹家坪金矿金的富集与成矿,特别是F2断裂破碎带是成矿的关键构造条件;金成矿物质主要来自海西中-晚期闪长岩,源自地壳深部,热液来源有岩浆热液、大气降水。尹家坪金矿为浅层中低温热液活动形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

Geology and geochemistry of the Changba SEDEX Pb-Zn deposit,Qinling orogenic belt,China

The Changba Pb-Zn SEDEX deposit occurs in the Middle Devonian sequence of the Anjiaca Formation of the Western Qinling Hercynian Orogen in the Gansu Province, China. The Changba-II orebody is hosted in biotite quartz schist and is the largest of 143 stratiform orebodies that are hosted either in biotite quartz schist or marble. The Changba-II comprises two types of mineralization: a bedded facies and an underlying breccia lens. The bedded section exhibits three sulfide sub-facies zoned from bottom to top: 1) banded sphalerite intercalated with quartz albitite; 2) interbedded massive pyrite and sphalerite ore; and 3) banded sphalerite ore intercalated with banded baritite. Major metallic minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, galena, with minor arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, boulangerite, and rare chalcopyrite. The bedded sulfides are underlain by a lens of brecciated and albitized biotite-quartz schists cemented by sulfides and tourmaline.Massive and bedded sulfide ³⁴S values range from 8.1 to 29.3, whereas barite ³⁴S values range from 20.8 to 31.5. Disseminated pyrite in footwall schists has ³⁴S values ranging from 8.1 to 10.6, and increase to values ranging from 11.1 to 14.7 in the hangingwall. The lower ³⁴S values for massive and bedded sulfides are interpreted to be derived from progressive bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of Devonian seawater in a sulfate-restricted sub-basin. The higher ³⁴S values for massive and bedded sulfides could be a product of quantitative BSR but this is incompatible with barite being more abundant above the bedded sulfides. Instead, it is more likely that thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate or of evaporite was the source of heavy hydrothermal sulfur. Heavy hydrothermal sulfur was injected into a sulfate-restricted sub-basin where it mixed with low ³⁴S BSR sulfide to form the massive and bedded sulfides. The REE patterns of sulfide layers and associated quartz albitite and baritite are similar to those of the host biotite quartz schists, suggesting that the hydrothermal fluids leached REE from the underlying rocks. Pb isotope ratios in galena form an array between the Upper Crust and the Mantle reservoir curves, which indicates that the lead is derived from upper crustal rocks comprising mafic igneous units. The Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratio of 0.7101 for carbonate within the sulfide layers also suggests that Sr is derived from the mixing of Sr leached from upper crustal rocks with Middle Devonian seawater Sr. A Rb-Sr isochron age of 389.4 ± 6.4 Ma for sulfide layers and the interbedded hydrothermal sediments is consistent with the age of host Mid-Devonian strata. Ar³⁹/Ar⁴⁰ plateau age at 352.8 ± 3.5 Ma and Ar³⁹-Ar⁴⁰ isochron age of 346.6 ± 6.4 Ma for albite in the quartz albitite intercalated with sulfide layers indicate either albite formation after the sulfides or thermal resetting of the Rb-Sr system at about 350 Ma, the age of collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.Editorial handling: E. Frimmel     

西秦岭天水范家山夕卡岩型铜金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

范家山铜金矿位于西秦岭北成矿亚带,温泉复式花岗岩天水斑岩夕卡岩钼铜金矿带的核心位置。矿床地质特征表明：范家山铜金矿体主要受岩体与围岩接触带以及岩体附近的断裂破碎带的控制,以金铜矿化为主,围岩蚀变为夕卡岩化、角岩化及硅化、绢英岩化等。范家山铜金矿床主矿脉包裹体温度、盐度及H-O同位素研究显示,主成矿流体的盐度(S)为2.0%～11.0%(w(NaCl)eq),均一温度为120～345 ℃,主要集中在150～280 ℃范围,具有中温和中低盐度的特征,为岩浆水和大气降水的混合。成矿花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(248.3±1.9) Ma(MSWD=0.67, N=9),表明成矿活动发生在印支早期。结合区域构造背景,范家山铜金矿为印支期早期陆陆碰撞导致地壳加厚背景下的夕卡岩型矿床,深部具有斑岩型成矿的潜力。     

川西南马头山铜金矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及成因

马头山铜金矿床位于康定一锦屏山矿集区,处于锦屏山断裂与康定一水城断裂的交汇部位,是川西南地区新发现的中型铜金矿床。矿体呈现为硫化物石英脉状,赋存于泥盆系泥质粉砂质板岩、碳酸盐化泥晶灰岩和二叠系变质玄武岩中,受断裂构造控制,矿石中硫化物矿物多见黄铁矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等。矿石中石英原生流体包裹体观测和激光拉曼光谱分析显示,马头山铜金成矿流体为H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,均一温度108.1～439.1℃,盐度3.55%～22.78%NaCleq,密度0.51～1.12 g/cm~3,主成矿阶段流体包裹体具有中低温、中低盐度、低密度、富含CO_2的特征。矿石中硫化物矿物δ~(34)SV-CDT=-4.6‰～8.4‰,具有岩浆来源硫的特征,石英脉中原生流体包裹体的δD=-78.8‰～-48.7‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=-2.1‰～9.3‰,白云石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-5.3‰～1.7‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=19.4‰～25.9‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,并有地层流体和大气水加入。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和S、C、O、H同位素证据,认为马头山铜金矿床为中低温-岩浆热液型铜金矿床。     

新疆西天山大山口金矿地质及成矿流体包裹体地球化学

新疆和静县大山口金矿位于南天山成矿带东段、哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块与塔里木板块缝合带附近。矿床处在萨恨托亥—大山口脆韧性剪切带中,矿体以脆韧性变形的上志留—下泥盆统大山口组细碎屑岩、闪长玢岩、英安斑岩为主岩,与围岩的界线模糊。矿体在走向和延深方向上常尖灭再现,局限在脆韧性变形带中,表现为彼此平行的板状、透镜状矿体群或矿带。...