新疆喀拉通克铜镍硫化矿区二、三号矿床特征及成因

喀拉通克铜镍硫化矿区二、三号矿床的两个岩体为隐伏的中－基性岩体，受北西向断裂的控制，侵位于石炭统南明水组上段之下部地层中，为岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化矿床。矿物成分以磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿为主。有用元素除铜、镍外，尚伴生有金、银、铂、色、钴、硫可综合利用。它国内外同类型矿床相比，具有成岩、成矿时代新，岩体基性程度低、铜大于镍等特点，因而又具有新的地质找矿意义。     

Chemical composition of the ore and occurrence state of the elements in Jingbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit

The Jingbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit is China＇s largest independent PGM （platinum-group metals） deposit so far discovered. There are eleven kinds of useful components in the ore： Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and Co. The platinum-group elements, gold and silver occur in the form of minerals in ores. twenty-five kinds of precious metal minerals have been found, of which twenty one belong to the platinum-group minerals. The minerals are very small in grain size. Copper occurs mainly as copper sulfide with a small amount of free copper oxide, and the beneficiated copper accounts for 95.21%. Nickel occurs mainly as nickel sulfide, and some nickel silicate and nickel oxide occur in the ore. The beneficiated nickel accounts for 72.03%. Cobalt occurs mainly as cobalt sulfide, and there are some cobalt oxide and other kinds of cobalt. The beneficiated cobalt accounts for 77.58%.     

扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪在丹巴地区铂族矿物物相特征分析中的应用

丹巴地区铜镍硫化物铂族矿床品位低、铂族矿物颗粒细、铂族元素间的类质同象普遍,此类铂族资源的赋存状态研究及矿石的选冶长期以来都是较为棘手的问题。本文采用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪器组合,对丹巴铜镍硫化物铂族矿床中含量达到1‰的元素进行快速的定性/定量分析,研究了铂族矿物原位的赋存状态和形貌特征。通过扫描电镜观察到该矿床的铂族矿物主要为砷铂矿、锑钯矿、碲锑钯矿,其次以自然铂、硫砷铑矿、硫砷铱矿,呈椭圆状、纺锤状等形式赋存于黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿及蛇纹石中,部分以类质同象的形式存在,极少量的铂与钯元素呈固溶体形式存在。X射线能谱分析表明该矿床中主要的铂族元素为Pt、Pd,其次为Ru、Rh、Ir、Os; 点分析表明砷铂矿中Pt的含量为52.84%,锑钯矿中Pd的含量为45.15%; 线扫描和面扫描分析表明铂族元素主要分布在含铁的硫化物中,Pt、Pd等铂族元素的含量与铁、镍的含量成正相关关系,反映了丹巴地区铂族元素亲铁、亲镍、亲硫的地球化学特征。     

我国W区超镁铁-镁铁杂岩体钯、铂元素地球化学研究

我国W区岩体产在上古生代凹陷西北边缘与中间隆起交接处,北东向深大断裂带东侧。区内地层主要由石炭纪砂板岩、片理化酸性火山碎屑岩;二迭纪砂页岩、中酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩及第四纪松散沉积物所组成。本区侵入岩异常发育,属海西年代,包括两     

云南牟定安益铂钯钛磁铁矿床铂族矿物特征及成因初探

云南牟定安益矿床为一处铂族金属与钛磁铁矿共同产出的大型钛磁铁矿铂族金属矿床。目前对该矿床中铂族元素的赋存状态研究甚少。结合野外宏观地质特征和室内岩矿鉴定,笔者利用TIMA和LA-ICP-MS-Mapping分析方法,对安益矿床中铂族金属矿物学特征进行研究,发现安益矿床中的铂族元素（PGEs）主要以独立矿物的形式存在。铂族矿物（PGMs）多为铂和钯的砷化物、碲化物,如砷铂矿、砷钯矿、黄碲钯矿、碲钯矿等;主要分布于硅酸盐矿物中,其次为硫化物边缘,部分分布于磁铁矿边缘;铂族矿物成因主要有岩浆成因和热液成因2种。岩浆作用形成的铂族矿物分布于硅酸盐矿物中或硫化物边缘,硅酸盐中的铂族矿物是早期PGE与半金属元素形成的纳米团簇颗粒随岩浆演化形成矿物颗粒,被结晶的硅酸盐矿物包裹;分布于硫化物边缘的铂族矿物是残余熔浆结晶的结果。热液作用将PGE以类质同象的形式富集于钛磁铁矿单辉岩的部分矿物中,如热液蚀变较强烈的黄铜矿中含有较高的Rh,这也与铂族矿物集中分布在钛磁铁矿单辉岩中一致。     

Comparison of Recoveries by Lead Fire Assay and Nickel Sulfide Fire Assay in the Determination of Gold/ Platinum/ Palladium and Rhenium in Sulfide Ore Samples

We compared the recovery of gold, palladium and platinum by two fire assaying procedures, using nickel sulfide and lead as collectors. The presence of appreciable amounts of sulfide minerals in the sample caused interferences in both procedures. An in-house reference sample, a reference sample of high-grade sulfide ore and samples of high sulfide content from the Recsk porphyry copper ore in Hungary were analysed by both methods. The elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission (ICP-AES) and/or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that for the sulfide ore samples, the recoveries of Au and Pd are sometimes lower by nickel sulfide fire assay than by lead fire assay. Recovery of Re by nickel sulfide fire assay was found to be low: the average recovery of five repeated analyses of the reference sample NIST SRM 330 was 9% with a relative standard deviation of 48%. Increasing the amount of S in the fusion flux gave better recovery.     

新桥硫铁矿伴生金银赋存状态及分布规律

新桥硫铁矿是一大型多金属硫化物矿床 ,矿石的主要化学成分有铜、硫、铁、铅、锌 ,并伴生有以金、银、镉为主的 13种有益组分 ,其中金矿物以自然金为主 ,大部分呈细粒分散状包裹嵌布于磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿中。银矿物主要为自然银、银金矿 ,亦呈细粒分散状包裹嵌布于脉石、磁铁矿和黄铜矿中。金银在矿床中分布不均 ,在矿体走向和向深部方向局布富集有一定规律。有必要进一步圈定金、银异常区 ,进行独立金、银矿体找矿和资源预测。本矿金、银皆属难解离型 ,建议在电解粗铜中综合回收利用     

含硫化物镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体中橄榄石Mg、Ni含量的制约:原理、模式及Voisey's Bay侵入体样品研究

镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆结晶分离早期形成镁铁矿物,镁铁矿物中的Ni和Mg是相容元素。随着结晶分离作用的进行,Ni、Mg在硅酸盐岩浆及后形成的硅酸盐物质中的丰度下降。橄榄石中Ni含量及硅酸盐物质MgO/FeO比值都与母岩浆的相关值相关,据此可推断母岩浆的信息,它们之间可由实验测得的系数相联系。当岩浆饱和硫化物时,在结晶分离过程中硫化物珠滴会与镁铁硅酸盐物质一道析出,同时,与硫化物非饱和岩浆相比,过多的Ni会随之析出。这也反映在Ni、Mg含量比无硫化物分离时有更迅速的降低上。Ni、Mg含量变化值可以在VoiseysBay侵入体的模式曲线上反映出,加拿大Labrador的这一侵入体赋存了一个世界级的Ni-Cu-Co硫化物矿床。过去的作法是将侵入体中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量与Simkin和Smith得出的各种火成岩中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量相比较以确定Ni亏损,进而假定橄榄石来自硫化物饱和、有经济价值的岩浆。现在的研究显示这种简单的对比会导致错误。将样品数据与模式曲线对比并反映出侵入体矿物结晶堆积特征是重要的方法。使用这一方法,样品数据能很好地被模式曲线拟合。以在VoiseysBay的研究为例,当硫化物液相与硅酸盐矿物被去除后,硫化物非饱和的分离作用期就会显现出来,随后是硅酸盐结晶作用期。     

遵义黄家湾下寒武统底部Mo-Ni-PGE矿中铂族元素赋存形态分析及成因意义

本项目采用6级不同化学物相形态系统,用化学试剂选择性提取和对比提取相结合的方法,研究了PGE元素及Au的物相分布特点.得出了Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir、Pt及Au在各物相中的含量及相对比率,参照电子探针等对Mo、Ni硫化矿物分析成果,表明PGE在镍的硫化物相中丰度较高外,在可交换态、黄铁矿态及残渣态等中亦有一定分布,显示PGE元素以超微细粒分散赋存特点.表明矿体在沉积时未发生PGE元素的显著成矿分异,成岩期也未出现明显的再次富集作用.此矿床系我国黑色岩系中确凿伴生有PGE矿的典型代表,铂族元素赋存状态研究对其成因、寻找和开发有关键意义.     

Sulphide and oxide minerals from the Ohmine granitic rocks in Kii Peninsula,central Japan,and their primary paragenetic relations

In the Ohmine granitic rocks of Kii Peninsula, central Japan, ilmenite, rutile, pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite commonly occur, but no magnetite is present. Their primary paragenetic relations were confirmed by examining their mode of occurrences as inclusion species in major silicate minerals and the phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S system, though their parageneses changed in cooling of the rocks. This makes it possible to estimate the fugacities of oxygen and sulfur in the granitic rocks based upon their paragenetic relations, and to discuss the nature of volatiles in the granitic rocks. Significant subsolidus reactions for sulfide minerals continued until the rocks cooled below 300° C and took place in two types of mineral grains, in groundmass and as inclusions. The removal of sulfur and copper through the silicate crystals was too easy to preserve the chemistry of sulfides included in silicates.     

云南白秧坪矿化集中区矿石矿物特征及银、钴赋存状态的初步研究

云南白秧坪地区是以银、钴多金属矿化为特色的矿集区，成矿作用与兰坪盆地两侧的推覆构造系统密切相关，发育一套复杂的中低温热液矿物组合，出现了铜、钴、镍、铋等亲地幔元素的硫化物(硫钴镍矿、硫铋铜矿)，显示地幔深源物质可能参与了成矿作用。银、钴赋存状态的初步研究表明载银矿物主要为汞银矿、辉银矿、银黝铜矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿及砷、锑、铅硫盐矿物等，载钴矿物主要为硫钴镍矿、辉砷钴矿、含钴毒砂等硫化物。     

Platinoids in the Kaalamo Differentiated Massif in the Northern Ladoga Region,Karelia, Russia

The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores.     

新疆阿尔金南缘断裂带铜金铂钯贵金属矿床特征及成因

阿尔金南缘断裂是一条深达上地幔的区域性大断裂,沿断裂分布着众多的基性-超基性杂岩体.岩浆结晶分异晚期,铜、金、铂、钯元素富集,在后期构造热液作用下,形成了清水泉等处的铜、金、铂、钯工业矿床.阿尔金一带找矿前景极大.     

四川杨柳坪低品位镍矿工艺矿物学特征

四川杨柳坪镍矿石属于低品位镍矿资源,其矿石中镍的品位为0.45%,主要以硫化物形式存在(磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿)。镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中镍的占有率在90%以上。主要矿物的工艺嵌布粒度统计分析表明,在较细粒级0.040 mm以下粒级及0.020 mm以下级分别有10%~15%及3.5%~5.5%的含量分布,因此选矿分选过程中,将有部分嵌布粒度较细的硫化物矿物难于解离,由于硫化物的磨矿解离度不高,且主要的硫化物彼此间的连体较多,选矿采用以磁黄铁矿为主的硫化物集合体作为回收单位较为适宜。此外,研究区硫化物矿物的物性较脆,磨矿过程中应防止其过粉碎。     

辉石巨晶中的硫化物及其成因

我国一些地区玄武岩辉石巨晶中的硫化物球泡(0.02-0.05mm)呈点阵式、散布式、定向带状或微裂隙羽状分布。硫化矿物组合是磁黄铁矿-镍黄铁矿-黄铜矿,其中以磁黄铁矿为主(～90％)。根据硫化物的规则排布以及高温矿物组合推测点阵式、散布式硫化物形成于地幔。是由溶解了～1％S的硅酸盐熔体在减压上升过程中析出过饱和的硫所致。     

四川省拉拉铜矿床含金性及金的赋存状态研究

根据对拉拉铜矿床的矿石结构、构造及矿物共生组合的研究，发现矿石中含有大量自然金和含铂族元素的碲化物。自然金的赋存状态为包裹休金、粒间金、裂隙金。主要的载金矿物有黄铜矿、黄铁矿、叶碲铋矿，含金性最好的岩石类型为只云母钠长片岩。金与成矿元素铜的关系最为密切。     

江西金山含金黄铁矿的稀土元素赋存状态研究

稀土元素在地质领域得到广泛的应用,查明稀土元素在地质体中的赋存状态,对应用稀土元素解决地学问题非常有意义。本文利用分步溶样ICP-MS测试方法对江西金山金矿含金黄铁矿中稀土元素作了详细的研究,试图弄清黄铁矿中稀土元素的赋存状态。实验表明,金山金矿与金成矿关系密切的黄铁矿的流体包裹体中稀土元素的含量很低;而具有高稀土元素含量的硫化物中的稀土元素主要赋存在硫化物所包含的富Zr微矿物中,如锆石、金红石、尖晶石、钛铁矿等。这些微矿物究竟是以包裹体子晶的形式存在,还是以捕虏晶的形式存在尚有待进一步研究。黄铁矿中包含的硅酸盐相对黄铁矿稀土元素含量及特征的影响很大,直接制约了黄铁矿的稀土元素组成。黄铁矿流体包裹体与黄铁矿矿物的稀土元素组成虽然在含量上有差异,但其配分形式相似,所以黄铁矿的稀土元素组成可以代表黄铁矿中液体包裹体的稀土元素组成,通过分析黄铁矿的稀土元素特征,可以示踪成矿流体的来源与性质,前提是实验中不要将黄铁矿样品全部溶掉,以保证黄铁矿中所包裹的硅酸盐相不参与黄铁矿REE组成的测量。     

Precious metal and telluride mineralogy of large volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Urals

Summary The study focuses on the mode of occurrence of Au, Ag and Te in ores of the Gaisk, Safyanovsk, Uzelginsk and other volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits in the Russian Urals. Minerals containing these elements routinely form fine inclusions within common sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite). Gold is mostly concentrated as ‘invisible’ gold within pyrite and chalcopyrite at concentrations of 1–20 ppm. Silver mainly occurs substituted in tennantite (0.1–6 wt.% Ag). In the early stages of mineralization, gold is concentrated into solid solution within the sulfides and does not form discrete minerals. Mineral parageneses identified in the VHMS deposits that contain discrete gold- and gold-bearing minerals, including native gold, other native elements, various tellurides and tennantite, were formed only in the latest stages of mineralization. Secondary hydrothermal stages and local metamorphism of sulfide ores resulted in redistribution of base and precious metals, refining of the common sulfides, the appearance of submicroscopic and microscopic inclusions of Au–Ag alloys (fineness 0.440–0.975) and segregation of trace elements into new, discrete minerals. The latter include Au and Ag compounds combined with Te, Se, Bi and S. Numerous tellurides (altaite, hessite, stützite, petzite, krennerite etc.) are found in the massive sulfide ores of the Urals and appear to be major carriers of gold and PGE in VHMS ores.     

地质样品中钴、镍的相态分析研究

研究了钴、镍在硫酸盐、碳酸盐、硫化物、易溶硅酸盐、铁氧化物及难溶硅酸盐相态分析的新流程。地质样品中钴和镍经选择性溶剂定量溶解分离后,试液用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定。该法测定国家土壤标准物质,钴、镍的ＲＳＤ％分别为４．０８％～７．８３％和０．８０％～１２．４４％,ＲＥ％小于３．６４％和３．１０％。     

Sulfide petrology of basal chilled margins in layered sills of the Archean Deer Lake Complex,Minnesota

Sulfide minerals in amounts up to 3 vol% are found in basal, chilled marginal zones of two layered peridotite-pyroxenite-gabbro sills in the Early Precambrian Deer Lake Complex, northcentral Minnesota. The sulfides occur interstitially to silicate minerals, and consist of pyrrhotite with minor exsolved cobaltian pentlandite, chalcopyrite, gersdorffite, and marcasite±pyrite as an alteration product of pyrrhotite.The basal chilled units (3–6 m) of the sills are divisable into three zones based primarily on textures. The lowermost zone is an equigranular basalt, whereas the overlying zone is characterized by skeletal, spinifex-like actinolite after clinopyroxene. The upper zone of the basal margins contains elongate and swallow tail plagioclase, and is barren of sulfide minerals.Electron microprobe analyses of sulfide minerals and modal data suggest that sulfide bulk compositions at 1,100–1,000 ° C represent a pyrrhotite solid solution and a coexisting Cu-rich sulfide liquid. Cooling of the Cu-rich liquid and low temperature transformations are thought to have produced chalcopyrite or chalcopyrite plus pyrrhotite. The sulfide minerals have reequlibrated to temperatures near 300 ° C or less.Analyses of sulfur content and ³⁴S values suggest that assimilation of sulfur from adjacent country rocks was the principal mechanism responsible for anomalous concentrations of sulfides in the basal chilled margins. The distribution of sulfides in the peridotite-pyroxenite-gabbro portions of the sills, and calculations of settling rate preclude an origin involving gravitational settling of immiscible droplets through the magma body.