辽东地区金矿床类型、成矿特征及找矿潜力

辽东地区是我国重要的金矿集区之一,中生代构造、岩浆活动强烈,并伴生强烈的金成矿作用。根据金矿床时空分布及成矿特征,将辽东地区划分为三个金矿集区:青城子、五龙、猫岭。矿集区内金矿包括石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿这两种类型,并分别受高角度断裂和低角度断裂构造体系控制。辽东地区金矿成矿时代主要为早白垩世,少量早侏罗世。已有H-O同位素、成矿流体及地质研究表明:(1)区内金成矿与中生代岩浆活动有关、受断裂构造控制,并以强烈硅化-绢云母化为特征标志;(2)区内金矿床属于岩浆热液型矿床;(3)充填作用和混合作用可能是辽东地区金矿床成矿物质沉淀的机制。辽东地区金矿成矿系统按其产出环境及特点,可分为两个亚系统:产于中生代花岗质岩体内岩浆热液金成矿系统(五龙式)及产于古元古代变质岩中岩浆热液金成矿系统(青城子式、猫岭式)。结合区域找矿进展和近期研究工作,建立了辽东地区金矿找矿预测地质模型,认为本区具有与胶东地区相似的金矿成矿条件,成矿潜力巨大,研究工作对区域矿产勘查部署工作有指导意义。     

河南崤山地区金矿床的三位一体成矿浅析

崤山地区具有多种矿产资源,是豫西有色金属及贵金属的重要成矿区,该区总体构造格局为崤山变质核杂岩构造,核部为太华群变质岩系,周边盖层为熊耳群的火山岩,金矿赋矿岩系有利,含矿构造发育,成矿地质条件较为理想,资源潜力巨大.结合地层、构造及岩浆岩有利的成矿因素,构成与金矿床赋存条件密切相关的三位一体成矿模式,这一模式将打开崤山地区找矿的新局面.     

黑龙江多宝山-呼玛地区金矿分类及成矿地质背景研究

黑龙江省西北部的多宝山-呼玛地区发育大小型金矿（点）16处,主要集中分布在北东向和北西向构造形成的菱环形构造带内.元古宇和下古生界地层单元为金成矿提供物质来源,古生代以来3阶段强烈岩浆热事件为金矿成矿提供了热源、流体和就位空间.根据金矿床赋矿岩石类型、成矿流体等特征和区域构造演化过程,将本地区金矿划分为3个类型：①与火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型金矿,赋矿围岩为早白垩世火山岩,成矿流体源于大气降水;②受压扭性构造控制的低温热液金矿,对围岩无选择,成矿流体具有变质流体和大气降水混合特征,低盐度,少CO2;③夕卡岩型、斑岩型伴生金矿床,具有成矿温度高、盐度高、流体包裹体富含CO2的特点.第一类与第二类为同期异相,形成环境为造山后陆内裂谷-伸展环境;第三类形成于与古太平洋板块的斜向俯冲作用和北部鄂霍次克洋闭合有关的挤压造山环境.     

中国西南部特提斯构造域浅成低温热液型金矿分类及时空分布特征

中国西南部特提斯构造域浅成低温热液型金矿床划分为火山-次火山热液型金矿床、地下热卤水型金矿床和火山热泉型金矿床3个大类及7个亚类.研究了各类型金矿的地球化学特征,在此基础上论述了区内浅成低温热液型金矿床的时空分布,划分出6个成矿区和21个成矿带.     

Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion‐Related Gold Systems?

Most of the known large gold deposits in Iran are located along the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran, which hosts a wide range of gold deposit types. Gold deposits in the belt, hosted in upper Paleozoic to upper Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences of lower greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic grade, appear to represent mainly orogenic and intrusion‐related gold deposit types. The largest resource occurs at Muteh, with smaller deposits/occurrences at Zartorosht, Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Astaneh. Although a major part of the gold deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone are related to metamorphic devolatilization, some deposits including Muteh and Astaneh are related to short‐lived disruptions in an extensional tectonic regime and are associated with magma generation and emplacement. The age of gold ore formation in the orogenic gold deposits is Late Cretaceous to Tertiary, reflecting peak‐metamorphism during regional Cretaceous–Paleocene convergence and compression. The Oligocene to Pliocene age of most intrusion‐related gold systems is consistent with the young structural setting of the gold ore bodies; these deposits are sequestered along normal faults, correlated with Middle to Late Tertiary extensional tectonic events. This relationship is comparable to the magmatic‐metallogenetic evolution of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, where the number of different types of gold‐copper deposits and the magnitude of the larger ones followed development of a magmatic arc. The appropriate explanation may be related to two different stages of gold mineralization consisting of a first compressional phase during the Late Cretaceous to Early‐Middle Tertiary, which is related to orogenic gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Zartorosht deposits, and the extensional phase during the Eocene to Pliocene that is recognized by young intrusion‐related gold mineralization in the Muteh and Astaneh deposits.     

新疆北部主要金矿床的成矿地球化学特征

主要依据成矿作用方式,基本成矿特点及关键控矿标志等,将新疆北部的主要原生金矿新划分为７个矿床类型,分别是浅成低温热液型金矿、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿、变质热液型金矿、石英脉型金矿及铜、金伴生型矿床。通过分析比较各矿床类型典型金矿的ＲＥＥ分布型式、其矿石的微量元素含量与分布型式、硫与铅同位素组成及流体包裹体成分等资料,探讨了其成矿地球化学特征。     

华北地台沉积岩型金矿床的找矿勘查意义

冀东地区沉积岩型金矿床主要赋存在中上元古界长城系和蓟县系巨厚钙－镁碳酸盐岩内,金矿化受层间角砾岩带控制。相比之下,内蒙古中西部沉积岩型金矿床主要产出在上元古界青白不钙质粉砂岩和板岩内,矿父母产状受层间构造破碎带控制。尽管上述金矿床的成矿环境、赋矿围岩和成矿时代存在一定差别,但是它们均以埋藏浅、规模大、物质组分简单和易选冶为特点。为突出这两类金矿床的区域性特征,前者命为“长城式”,后者则确定为“阿拉     

闽中地区金矿地质特征及找矿方向

闽中地区德化、尤溪、永泰一带发现的金矿点构成福建金矿床金三角,按成矿类型可划分为石英脉型、破碎带蚀变岩型、多充化物型和火山－次火山岩型金矿。在分析金矿成矿地质背景、构造、地层及岩浆活动基础上,进一步探索找矿方向。     

黔东南金矿形成时代的确定兼论湘黔加里东金矿带

黔东南金矿是赋存在新元古代浅变质岩系中的石英脉型金矿,变质岩的原岩是一套火山-沉积岩,由凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩等组成,多具清楚的条纹韵律结构,反映了一种浊流沉积的环境。石英脉的产出受背斜构造和剪切断裂控制,有整合层间脉与断裂破碎带充填脉两种类型。石英脉的组成比较简单,除石英外,主要是硫化物类矿物及捕获的围岩成分。通过对5个矿点的石英中包裹体的Rb-Sr同位素测定和等时线法定年,确定其成矿时代为加里东期,与比邻的湘西同类型金矿的形成时代一致。根据赋矿地层岩性、地质演化历史与构造环境的比较,圈划出了一个湘黔加里东金矿带,对今后的找矿工作会有参考价值。     

紧闭褶皱翼部的剪切变形作用——五台山绿岩带金矿化的一种构造控矿机制

五台山绿岩带中 ,与变质火山 沉积岩系直接相关的金矿化分布广泛 ,具有多种成矿和控矿机制。但就两种主要类型金矿———剪切带型金矿和铁建造型金矿的时空分布、地质特征和赋存的构造部位来看 ,它们都明显地与剪切变形 (韧性的或脆性的 )所产生的构造 热液活化作用有关 ,具显著的构造控矿意义。区域构造分析表明 ,五台山绿岩带的构造格架是一个多级和多期褶皱与断裂的组合 ,总的构造样式是一个紧闭程度向中心增强的复式倒转向形。它们是在北西 南东向挤压作用下递进变形的结果。在这一区域应力场作用下 ,处于不同构造部位的岩石发生变形分解作用 ,从而在紧闭褶皱的翼部产生一系列剪切变形带 ,构成了五台山绿岩带构造控矿机制。本文将以两类绿岩金矿的典型矿床为例 ,对这一控矿构造机制进行全面分析。     

Geological characteristics and origin of the Hadamengou gold deposit in Inner Mongolia,China

The Hadamengou gold deposit is located in the western segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks of the Wulashan Group. The main ore types include gold-bearing quartz vein type, gold-bearing quartz-potassic feldspar vein type, and gold-bearing altered rock type. Gold mineralization is closely related to K-feldspathization. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water mixed with minor meteoric water. Sulfur and lead isotope data indicate that metallogenic materials were mainly supplied by the magmatic and Archean Wulashan Group. The gold mineralization was mainly formed during the Early Indosinian tectonic movement, which drove ore-forming fluids to the favorable depositional environment. The northern margin of the NCC is a prospective area for gold exploration. Gold deposits hosted by or related to alkaline intrusions have become one of the most important mineral exploration targets in northern China.     

Gold Deposits in Beishan Mountain, Northwestern China

Abstract. The Beishan Mountain spans three provinces ‐ Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, having an area of 120,000 km² Tectonically, it transverses three different tectonic units, i.e. Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and is composed of nine ter‐rains with widely exposed Precambrian and Paleozoic strata, complex structures, intensive magmatic activities and widespread ore deposits. It is not only a main part of Tianshan‐Yinshan‐Great Hinggan metallogenic belt in China, but also a key to under‐stand the evolution of central‐Asian orogenic system. At present, more than 100 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Nanjinshan, Mazhuangshan, Liushashan, Jinwozi, Zhaobishan and Xiaoxigong are the most important ones. Based on the host rocks and the geological features, all these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types): (1) hosted by Carboniferous or Permian volcanic or subvolcanic rocks; (2) hosted by or related to plutonic intrusions; and (3) hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The first group includes the Mazhuangshan gold deposit, which occurs in Hercynian quartz por‐phyry and rhyolite porphyry as gold‐bearing quartz veins. The second group is composed of the Liushashan, Nanjinshan Zhaobishan and Jinwozi gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these four deposits occurs within Hercynian granitoids intrusion: or late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks as quartz veins, veinlets and altered rocks. The Xiaoxigong gold deposit belongs to the third group, and is hosted by Precambrian schist, amphibolite and migmatite as quartz veins and altered rocks. Isotopic age dating data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that most of the groups 1 and 2 gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or partly Indosinian intrusions. These intrusions may provide both heat and metals for groups 1 and 2 deposits. In contrast, although the formation is closely related to the Hercynian magma‐tism, the ore‐forming materials of the group 3 deposits may not only come from the intrusions, but also from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks.     

甘肃天水夏家坪金矿地质特征

夏家坪金矿位于西秦岭反＂S＂弧形构造东段Au-Ag-Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn成矿带中,矿体产出受下古生界李子园群沉积-火山岩系控制。矿体多呈带状、透镜状产出,具收缩膨大、尖灭再现及分支复合特征。容矿岩石主要为变砂（泥）岩、破碎石英脉、硅化角砾岩等。矿石类型以构造蚀变岩型为主,局部为石英脉型。围岩蚀变具分带性,矿化可分为早期的金和晚期的银铅锌两个主要成矿阶段。     

准噶尔北部主要金矿类型及其成矿环境初探

新疆准噶尔北部产有各种类型的原生金矿床,本文将其划分为浅成低温热液型、微细粒浸染型、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型、浅成岩蚀变岩型、变质热液改造型等成矿类型.本区金矿主要受控于晚古生代的碰撞造山作用、石炭纪-二叠纪为其最主要的成矿时期,并建立了相应的成矿模式.     

Characteristics and Metallogenic Evolution of Ailaoshan Gold Metallogenic Belts in Yunnan, China

CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC EVOLUTION OF AILAOSHAN GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTS IN YUNNAN, CHINANNSFC(973Hi techProjects)andProjectofYunnanProvince ChineseAcademyofSciencescorporation(YK980 0 8 3)     

四川会理小青山地区钠长(石)岩成因初探

笔者从岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学特征等方面对小青山地区的钠长岩进行了初步探讨。该区的钠长岩主要受构造控制,分布于破碎带及其两侧,具有从中心到围岩的对称分带性特征。钠长岩中存在大量的交代残余结构。通过岩石化学成分和稀土元素地球化学特征,尤其是通过Q型群分析表明:该区的钠长岩化学成分复杂,且与千枚岩/板岩有一定的相关性。笔者认为该区的钠长岩为热液交代的产物,其被交代的原岩主要为古元古界的一套富含Si和Al的浅变质岩系。区内的铜(金)矿床与钠长岩的形成作用密切相关。     

川西地区金矿的类型与分布规律

按照地质特征和成矿作用,将川西地区金矿划分为９类,分析了金矿的时间,空间分布规律以腋和建造和岩浆岩与金矿分布之间的关系,提出了值得重视的金矿类型和成矿区带。     

中国前寒武纪金矿的成矿找矿模式

中国前寒武纪含金岩系密切相关的金矿储量占全国岩金储量的73.85%,它几乎囊括了全国的金产量.已发现的金矿资源基地,基本上沿三条近东西向的槽台边缘构造带成带分布,由于受中生代环太平洋板块的作用影响,产生了一系列北东—北北东向的超壳型深大断裂,使中国前寒武纪金矿产生了极其明显的活化、改造和重就位作用.因此,中国东部金矿具有沿北东向深大断裂成串分布的规律.从10个方面讨论了中国前寒武纪金矿的成矿特点和找矿途径,建立了“三个系统”相统一的成矿找矿模式.     

蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区金铜矿床时空分布特征及成矿作用

文章首次对蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区各类金、铜和铜—镍矿床(点)地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了系统总结，论证了金、铜和铜—镍成矿作用与古生代岩浆活动的关系，对区域地壳演化过程中金、铜和铜—镍成矿的动力学机制进行了深入讨论。研究结果表明，该区的金矿床(点)大体可划分为变质岩型、火山岩型、斑岩型和深成侵入岩型；铜矿床(点)有斑岩型、夕卡岩型和铜—镍硫化物型。金和铜矿床(点)大都沿古板块汇聚带分布，与海西期火成岩具密切的时空分布关系，它们是古板块对接碰撞期和碰撞期后大规模构造—岩浆活动的产物。