The Taraklı Flysch in the Boyali area (Sakarya Terrane,northern Turkey): Implications for the tectonic history of the IntraPontide suture zone

In the Boyal? area, northern Turkey, the tectonic units of the ?stanbul–Zonguldak Terrane and the IntraPontide suture zone are thrust over the deposits at the top of the Sakarya Terrane, known as Tarakl? Flysch. It consists of Early Maastrichtian–Middle Paleocene turbidite and mass-gravity deposits, whose source mainly corresponds to the ?stanbul–Zonguldak Terrane, and, with a lesser extent, to the IntraPontide suture zone. These deposits were sedimented in a foredeep basin developed during the convergence between Sakarya and Eurasian continental microplates. In the Late Paleocene–Early Eocene time span, the Tarakl? Flysch was deformed (D1 phase) during the closure of the foredeep basin. In the Miocene time, the strike-slip tectonics (D2 phase) related to the North-Anatolian fault produced further deformations of the Tarakl? Flysch.     

Structural deformation and evolution of right-lateral strike-slip tectonics of the Liaohe western depression during the early Cenozoic

The Tan-Lu fault zone (TLFZ) traverses the Liaohe western depression (LHWD), affords an exceptional opportunity to reveal the structural deformation and evolution of a major strike-slip fault of the LHWD using three dimensional seismic data and well data. In this paper, based on structural interpretations of the 3-D seismic data of the LHWD, combined with depth slice and seismic coherency, a variety of structural features in relation to right-lateral strike-slip fault (the western branch of the Tan-Lu fault) have been revealed presence in the depression, such as thrust faults (Xinlongtai, Taian-Dawa, and Chenjia faults), structural wedges, positive flower structures, and en echelon normal faults. Fault cutoffs, growth strata and the Neogene unconformity developed in the LHWD verify that the activity of right-lateral strike-slip from the late Eocene to Neogene (ca. 43–23 Ma). The study indicates that the right-lateral strike-slip played an important role in controlling the structural deformation and evolution of the LHWD in the early Cenozoic. Moreover, the front structural wedge generated the gross morphology of the Xinlongtai anticline and developed the Lengdong faulted anticline during the late Eocene, and the back structural wedge refolded the Lengdong faulted anticline zone in the late Eocene to the early Oligocene. Wrench-related structures (the Chenjia thrust fault and the en echelon normal faults) were developed during the late Oligocene. Uniform subsidence in the Neogene to Quaternary. Furthermore, the driving force of the right-lateral strike-slip deformation was originated from N–S extension stress related to the opening of the Japan Sea and NE–SW compression, as the far-field effect of India–Eurasia convergence.     

Strata Architectural Variability and Facies Distribution in a Structural Transfer Zone:A Case Study of Fushan Sag,Northern South China Sea

Structural transfer zones in a half-graben rift basin play a significant role in controlling sandy sediments and providing a target for hydrocarbon exploration. Previous studies have classified the transfer zone in lacustrine environments into two different patterns: synthetic approaching transfer zones and synthetic overlapping transfer zones. However, the evolution of the depositional pattern and the controlling factors of the above transfer zones are still unclear. In the Fushan Sag, the northern South China Sea, an overlapping transfer zone developed in the early Eocene Epoch, while a synthetic approaching transfer zone developed in the late Eocene, due to tectonic uplift. This evolutionary process provided an opportunity to study the stacking pattern of strata architectural variability and facies distribution in the structural transfer zone of the Eocene lacustrine basin. In this study, following the indications of the oriented sedimentary structures in core samples and heavy mineral assemblages of 18 wells, the evolution of the paleo-hydrodynamic distribution during the early and late Eocene has been reconstructed. The sequence-stratigraphy was then divided and the sand body parameters calculated, according to the seismic data and well log interpretations. During the early Eocene, the lake level was at a low stand, the faults broken displacement in the East block being over 50?m. The prograding delta and turbidites are oriented perpendicular to the structural transfer zone. According to the quantitative analysis of the flow rate and the depositional parameters, we speculate that gravity transportation of the sediment and the sediment-supply are the dominating factors during this period. Up to the late Eocene, the rising lake level and the decreased fault displacement leads the flow to divert to a NE-direction, resulting in it being parallel to the axis of the transfer zone. Thus, we speculate that the accommodation space is predominant in this period. In comparison with the above two periods, a braided river delta with an isolated sand body and turbidites developing in the deep area is prominent in the overlapping transfer zone, while a meandering river delta is characteristic of the synthetic approaching transfer zone.     

郯庐断裂系研究的新进展——兼论东亚北东向走滑断裂系统

对郯庐断裂系研究的最新进展作了介绍。郯庐断裂是多期活动，性质多次转换的巨型断裂，最初的启动时间在晚三叠世末，与南北大陆的碰撞有着直接的关系，早期以走滑（左行）运动为主，伴随挤压和拉伸，范围限于华北地块内部，断裂纵向伸展的高峰期为白垩纪到早始新世，这一时期也是裂陷作用最强的时期，始新世以来以挤压作用为主，东亚走滑断裂系各组成断裂性质复杂，不能以中生代左行平移运动简单概括，走滑断裂系的发展和演化与同时     

郯庐断裂系研究的新进展─—兼论东亚北东向走滑断裂系统

对郯庐断裂系研究的最新进展作了介绍。郯庐断裂是多期活动、性质多次转换的巨型断裂。最初的启动时间在晚三叠世末，与南北大陆的碰撞有着直接的关系。早期以走滑（左行）运动为主，伴随挤压和拉伸，范围限于华北地块内部。断裂纵向伸展的高峰期为白垩纪到早始新世，这一时期也是裂陷作用最强的时期。始新世以来以挤压作用为主。东亚走滑断裂系各组成断裂性质复杂，不能以中生代左行平移运动简单概括。走滑断裂系的发展和演化与同时期大陆边缘所处的地球动力学环境，也就是与南北大陆的碰撞和古大洋板块的持续俯冲关系密切。新生代以来的构造事件使中生代的构造发生强烈变形变位改造。     

中卫断裂带断层类型划分及其构造意义

中卫断裂带在晚更新世以来的左旋走滑运动中,先存的挤压逆掩、逆冲断裂带发生了分化。某些断层或断层段继续活动;另一些先存断层在晚更新世以来不再活动;此外,还发育了一些新断层。因此,我们把中卫断裂带划分出三种断层类型,即新生断层、继承性断层和遗弃断层。新生断层就是指：在某次构造运动中新发育的断层。具体到中卫断裂带来说,就是指晚更新世以来新发育的断层。这类断层是中卫断裂带左旋走滑运动的产物。在早期的挤压逆断运动中这些断层并不存在。通过对新生断层的调查研究可以获得以下资料。①反演晚更新世以来的构造应力场;②确定晚期构造运动的起始时代;③估算断层的断错幅度和速率。继承性断层就是指：在早期的挤压逆掩（冲）活动中就已经存在的断层或断层段,在晚期的左旋走滑运动中继续活动。继承性断层的最大优点是包含了较多的信息量。①继承性断层记录了多期构造运动的信息;②继承性断层是中卫断裂带多期活动的见证;③继承性断层是研究构造演化过程的重要依据。遗弃断层就是指：某些断层或断层段在早期构造运动中是主体断裂带的一部分,其活动习性与主体断裂带基本一致。当早期的构造运动终止之后,这些断层或断层段在后继的构造运动中不再活动,也就是说这些断层被遗弃。遗弃断层的作用就在于它保留了早期构造运动的大部或全部信息,这些信息基本上没有受到后期构造运动的干扰破坏。因而通过对遗弃断层的研究可以获得早期构造运动的主要信息。①确定早期构造运动终止的年代;②反演早期构造应力场方向;③研究断层的滑动方式,即粘滑和蠕滑。     

高邮凹陷南断阶调节带断层构造特征分析与数值模拟

在高邮凹陷南断阶北界上,始新世出现的总体北北东走向、左阶雁列状真②断层带内发育了许庄与方巷调节带。各反射层构造图显示,这两个调节带内部发育了连接与非连接两大类断层。其中连接断层可分为垂向连接、斜向连接与弧形连接3类,而非连接断层可分为同向平行断层、区域斜向正断层、斜向与横向断坡拉张断层、斜向与垂向连接-扩展断层、派生斜列断层、网状断层8类。本文通过有限差分法与有限单元法数值模拟,再现了调节带内各类断层的发育过程。结果表明,调节带内的断层一方面是区域应力直接作用的产物,另一方面是边界断层斜向拉张与扩展、断坡弯曲等影响的结果。故而,调节带内断层的发育受多种因素影响,常形成复杂的断层组合。     

Structure and flow properties of syn-rift border faults: The interplay between fault damage and fault-related chemical alteration (Dombjerg Fault,Wollaston Forland,NE Greenland)

Structurally controlled, syn-rift, clastic depocentres are of economic interest as hydrocarbon reservoirs; understanding the structure of their bounding faults is of great relevance, e.g. in the assessment of fault-controlled hydrocarbon retention potential. Here we investigate the structure of the Dombjerg Fault Zone (Wollaston Forland, NE Greenland), a syn-rift border fault that juxtaposes syn-rift deep-water hanging-wall clastics against a footwall of crystalline basement. A series of discrete fault strands characterize the central fault zone, where discrete slip surfaces, fault rock assemblages and extreme fracturing are common. A chemical alteration zone (CAZ) of fault-related calcite cementation envelops the fault and places strong controls on the style of deformation, particularly in the hanging-wall. The hanging-wall damage zone includes faults, joints, veins and, outside the CAZ, disaggregation deformation bands. Footwall deformation includes faults, joints and veins. Our observations suggest that the CAZ formed during early-stage fault slip and imparted a mechanical control on later fault-related deformation. This study thus gives new insights to the structure of an exposed basin-bounding fault and highlights a spatiotemporal interplay between fault damage and chemical alteration, the latter of which is often underreported in fault studies. To better elucidate the structure, evolution and flow properties of faults (outcrop or subsurface), both fault damage and fault-related chemical alteration must be considered.     

Deformation Stages and Ar‐Ar Age Data of the Wan‐Zhe‐Gan Tectonic Zone,Southeast China,and Their Tectonic Significance

The major tectonic zone that passes through the border regions of the Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Provinces in southeast China has been commonly referred to as the Wan-Zhe-Gan fault zone. Geologically, this zone consists of several regional fault belts of various ages and orientations. We have categorized the faults into four age groups based on field investigations. The Neoproterozoic faults are northeast striking. They start from the northeast Jiangxi Province and extend northeastward to Fuchuan in Anhui Province, the same location of the northeast Jiangxi-Fuchuan ophiolite belt. The faults probably acted? during the Neoproterozoic as a boundary fault zone of a plate or a block suture with mélange along the faults. The nearly east-west- or east-northeast-striking faults are of Silurian ages (40Ar/39Ar age 429 Ma). This group includes the Qimen-Shexian fault and the Jiangwang-Jiekou ductile shear belt. They represent a major tectonic boundary in the basement because the two sides of the fault have clear dissimilarities. The third group of faults is north-northeast striking, having formed since the early-middle Triassic with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 230–254 Ma. They form a fault belt starting from Yiyang in northern Jiangxi and connect with the Wucheng as well as the Ningguo-Jixi faults. This fault belt is a key fault-magmatic belt controlling the formation of Jurassic-Cretaceous red basins, ore distribution, magmatic activity, and mineralization. When it reactivated during the late Cretaceous, the belt behaved as a series of reverse faults from southeast to northwest and composed the fourth fault group. Therefore, classifying the Wan-Zhe-Gan fault zone into four fault groups will help in the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Jiangnan orogen since the Neoproterozoic era.     

郯庐断裂带山东段的中新生代构造演化特征

本文在总结郯庐断裂带的最新研究成果的基础上,对郯庐断裂带山东段深部构造特征、运动学特征和内部结构特征进行了分析,并对郯庐断裂带山东段的中新生代构造演化过程进行了研究。在华南华北碰撞造山时期,郯庐断裂带山东段发生了显著的左旋走滑剪切变形。郯庐断裂带山东段在晚侏罗至早始新世(50Ma前)的左旋走滑直接受控于古太平洋板块向东亚大陆的俯冲,板块俯冲边界的应力直接传递到郯庐断裂带导致其发生走滑运动;早白垩世中期至古近纪,郯庐断裂带山东段内部及两侧盆地的伸展则受控于深部岩石圈减薄、地幔底辟导致的裂陷作用。     

Segmentation and inversion of the Hangjinqi fault zone,the northern Ordos basin (North China)

This paper deals with the segmentation and inversion of the Hangjinqi fault zone (HFZ), which is the dominant structure in the northern part of the Ordos basin in North China. HFZ was reactivated during the Late Triassic and obliquely inverted during the Middle Jurassic shortening. Subsurface geological mapping and structural analysis were carried out to determine the segmentation and kinematic history of the deformation. The HFZ was a left-stepping fault zone and was made up of three segments: the Porjianghaizi fault (PF), Wulanjilinmiao fault (WF) and Sanyanjing fault (SF), which are separated by two relay ramps. Two distinct phases can be identified in its structural evolution: (1) during the Late Triassic compressional deformation, the HFZ was characterized by shortening and thrusting to the north; and (2) During the Middle Jurassic phase the HFZ was oblique to the extensional fault trends, the reverse faults were reactivated as dextral strike-slip faults as a result of transtensional inversion. The inversion ratio of the HFZ indicates an increase in deformational degree from east to west over the whole region. The first deformation stage resulted from the N–S compression between the South China and North China plates during the Late Triassic. The second deformation stage of compression was related to the west-northwestward subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate during the Middle Jurassic. In the Jurassic deformation framework, the HFZ may be interpreted as an accommodation structure parallel to the Yanshan–Yinshan orogenic belt developed in the northern Ordos area.     

Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fault zone (Anatolia,Turkey): The transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone

Abstract

The Karasu Rift (Antakya province, SE Turkey) has developed between east-dipping, NNE-striking faults of the Karasu fault zone, which define the western margin of the rift and westdipping, N-S to N20°-30°E-striking faults of Dead Sea Transform fault zone (DST) in the central part and eastern margin of the rift. The strand of the Karasu fault zone that bounds the basin from west forms a linkage zone between the DST and the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). The greater vertical offset on the western margin faults relative to the eastern ones indicates asymmetrical evolution of the rift as implied by the higher escarpments and accumulation of extensive, thick alluvial fans on the western margins of the rift. The thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary fill is more than 465 m, with clastic sediments intercalated with basaltic lavas. The Quaternary alkali basaltic volcanism accompanied fluvial to lacustrine sedimentation between 1.57 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.03 Ma. The faults are left-lateral oblique-slip faults as indicated by left-stepping faulting patterns, slip-lineation data and left-laterally offset lava flows and stream channels along the Karasu fault zone. At Hacilar village, an offset lava flow, dated to 0.08 ± 0.06 Ma, indicates a rate of leftlateral oblique slip of approximately 4.1 mm?year^?1. Overall, the Karasu Rift is an asymmetrical transtensional basin, which has developed between seismically active splays of the left-lateral DST and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu fault zone during the neotectonic period. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS     

Structural controls on carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua deposit,central Tibet

Fault zones control the locations of many ore deposits, but the ore-forming processes in such fault zones are poorly understood. We have studied the deformation and ore textures associated with fault zones that controlled the lead–zinc mineralization of the Dongmozhazhua deposit, central Tibet, ∼100 km southwest of Yushu City. Geological mapping shows that the structural framework of the Dongmozhazhua area is defined by NW–SE-trending reverse faults and superposed folds that indicate at least two stages of deformation. The first stage is characterized by tight nearly E–W-striking folds that formed during the closure of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean in the Triassic. The second stage of deformation produced NW–SE-trending reverse faults and related structures of the Fenghuoshan–Nangqian fold-and-thrust belt associated with India–Asia collision in the late Eocene to Oligocene. Scanline surveys along the ore-controlling fault zones show an internal structure that comprises a damage zone, a breccia zone with clasts that have become rounded, and a breccia zone with lenticular clasts, and this complex architecture was formed during at least two compressional substages of deformation. The Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua area occurs exclusively close to NW–SE-trending reverse fault zones. Microtextural observations reveal that mineralization occurred as veinlets and disseminated blebs in limestone clasts, and as continuous bands and cements in fractured rocks. Cataclastic sulfide grains also can be seen in the matrix of some fault zones. The types of mineralization differ with structural position. The fillings of the ore-bearing veinlets typify the products of hydraulic fracture and both types of mineralization took place concurrently with regional contraction. We consider, therefore, that the ore-bearing fluids in the Dongmozhazhua deposit were concentrated in fault zones during regional compression and that the ore minerals were precipitated during hydraulic fracturing of host rocks. Subsequent fault activity pulverized some pre-existing sulfide material into cataclastic grains in the matrix of a tectonic breccia that developed in the same faults.     

南天山库车秋里塔格中段构造结变形特征和变形机理

本文通过遥感影像解译和地表调查,利用二维地震剖面,结合钻、测井数据,分析秋里塔格中段构造结的构造特征,利用轴面分析和多余面积方法计算构造缩短量。研究表明,秋里塔格中段构造结的构造变形受3个滑脱面,即中新统吉迪克组(N1j)膏盐岩、古?始新统库姆格列木组(E1?2km)膏盐岩和侏罗系(J)煤层控制。构造结东部发育两个滑脱面,分别位于中新统吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤层,形成浅层的滑脱褶皱和深层的断层转折褶皱,构成复合型背斜; 西部发育一个滑脱面即库姆格列木组膏盐岩,膏盐岩聚集形成南秋里塔格滑脱褶皱。库车塔吾背斜向西倾伏,背斜下伏沿吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤层发育的断层(F1和F 3)的滑移量向西减小,如东部A?A′剖面上断层F3的滑移量为7.7 km,西部C?C′剖面上为3.8 km; 南秋里塔格背斜向东倾伏,背斜下伏沿库姆格列木组膏盐岩发育的断层的滑移量向西增大,东部的A?A′剖面断层不发育,西部的D?D′剖面构造缩短量达5.1 km。构造结地区3个滑脱面交汇： ①东、西段卷入变形的断层和褶皱在此发生了叠加干涉, ②断层的滑移量在此汇合转换, ③库车塔吾背斜、南秋里塔格背斜和托克拉克坦背斜在此交汇,交汇处发育多个高角度的逆冲剪切断层和表皮褶皱,形成了秋里塔格中段复杂构造结,构造结地区未发育大规模走滑断层。根据上述认识,我们提出了秋里塔格中段构造结的三维构造模型。     

Evolution of an early Eocene pull‐apart basin in the Central Pontides (Northern Turkey): New insights into the origin of the North Anatolian Shear Zone

Although the North Anatolian Shear Zone is one of the main lithospheric‐scale strike‐slip deformation zone in the world, playing a prominent role in the complex geodynamic interaction among the Eurasian, Anatolian and Arabian plates, the onset time of its activity remains highly controversial. Here, we tackle this issue by utilizing nannofossil biostratigraphy on deposits from the Ta?cilar basin, a pull‐apart basin that we have identified inside the North Anatolian Shear Zone overprinting the Intra‐Pontide suture zone. The syn‐tectonic sedimentary succession of the Ta?cilar basin developed completely during the early Eocene (Ypresian; CNE4–CNE5 Zones). The strike‐slip faulting related to the initial onset of the North Anatolian Shear Zone can likely be constrained within the Ypresian, suggesting that the westward escape of the Anatolian plate along the North Anatolian Shear Zone started in the early Eocene.     

郯庐断裂带(安徽段)及邻区的动力学分析与区域构造演化

依据区域构造层次划分,采用构造筛分法,层层深入,层层筛分,确定发生于各个不同时代地层/岩层内的断裂活动的同期及叠加的应力场特征。综合所有的同期应力场特征及辅以叠加的应力场特征来验证,从而确定了一个连续的、完整的断裂活动的应力场演化序列;结合区域构造变形特征分析,阐明郯庐断裂带(安徽段)的构造演化。应力场分析显示:晚三叠-早侏罗世应力场为北北西—南南东或近南北向挤压,属古特提斯构造域,断裂发生同造山走滑;早白垩世早期,应力场为北西—南东向挤压,断裂发生左行走滑运动,中国东部处于西环太平洋构造域;早白垩世晚期—古新世(始新世),区域发生北西—南东向伸展作用,断裂处于伸展断陷作用阶段;新生代,受区域上近东西向的挤压作用影响,断裂发生挤压逆冲兼右行走滑作用。     

营口—潍坊断裂带新生代走滑拉分—裂陷盆地伸展量、沉降量估算

应用通过营口—潍坊断裂带及相关新生代盆地的地震剖面,采用专业软件分别计算了潍北凹陷、青东凹陷、莱州湾凹陷、黄河口凹陷、渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷、辽中凹陷和辽东凹陷的伸展量及构造沉降量,表明虽然同受断裂带走滑和软流圈上涌控制,但不同区段新生代伸展作用方向、主要发生时间和强度都有差别。南段是南北方向伸展,伸展作用主要发生在古新-始新世孔店组—沙河街组三段沉积时期;中段渤中—辽东湾南部地区具有多向伸展特征,近东西方向和南北方向伸展作用最为强烈,主要伸展作用发生在中-晚始新世、渐新世和新近纪,特别是以新近纪强烈伸展作用区别于其它地区;北段即辽东湾中-北部地区主要是北西—南东方向伸展,主要伸展活动发生在中始新世沙河街组三段和渐新世东营组沉积时期。文章总结了4种不同类型的沉降,指出新生代的构造活动随时间有自南向北推移和自两侧向中间迁移的规律,提出不同方向断裂带的活化和新近纪北东东向新生构造的形成是裂陷强度向中间迁移并产生4种不同沉降类型盆地的原因。     

Syn-thrust deformation across a transverse zone: the Grem–Vedra fault system (central Southern Alps, N Italy)

The lateral continuity of the E?CW trending thrust sheets developed within the Lower to Middle Triassic cover of the central Southern Alps (Orobic belt) is disturbed by the occurrence of several N?CS trending transverse zones, such as the poorly known Grem?CVedra Transverse Zone (GVTZ). The GVTZ developed during the emplacement of the up to six S-verging thrust sheets consisting of Lower to Middle Triassic units, occurring immediately south of the Orobic Anticlines. The transverse zone, active during thrust emplacement related to the early Alpine compressions which pre-date the Adamello intrusion, includes three major vertical shear zones, the Grem, Pezzel and Zuccone faults. The major structure of the transverse zone is the dextral Grem fault, forming a deep lateral ramp between thrust sheets 3 and 5. A similar evolution also occurred along the Zuccone and Pezzel faults, which show a left-lateral displacement of syn-thrust folds. The Grem fault was later reactivated as an oblique tear fault during the emplacement of the Orobic Anticlines, due to back-thrusting along out-of-sequence thrust surfaces (Clusone fault). Transpressional deformations along the fault zone are recorded by the rotation of major syn-thrust folds, which also suggest a horizontal offset close to 0.5?km. Records of the first stage of evolution of the Grem fault are better preserved along its northern segment, and structural relationships suggest that it propagated southward and downward in the growing thrust stack. The study of the meso and megascopic structures developed along the GVTZ constrains the evolution of the transverse zone, illustrating the complex deformational phenomena occurring in a transpressional regime. The GVTZ probably reflects the existence of pre-existing tectonic lineaments with a similar orientation. Evidence of pre-existing structures are not preserved in the exposed units, nevertheless the N?CS extensional fault systems that characterize the Norian to Jurassic rifting history of the Lombardian basin are valid candidates.     

Basement types of the Thrace Basin and a new approach to the pre-Eocene tectonic evolution of the northeastern Aegean and northwestern Anatolia: a review of data and concepts

In northwestern Turkey, the pre-Eocene basement of the Thrace Basin consists of the Strandja-Rhodope metamorphics in the north/northwest, the ?stanbul-Zonguldak Paleozoic sequence in the northeast, a tectonic mixture of the fragments from the Sakarya Continent and pre-Upper Cretaceous ophiolites in the southeast, and the uppermost Cretaceous–Paleocene transgressive sediments. The ophiolites belong to a Dogger-Early Cretaceous oceanic basin (the Northeastern Vardar Ocean) between the Rhodope and Sakarya Continents. The NE-trending oceanic branch closed diachronously during the early Late Malm to the northeast but during latest Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous time toward the main Vardar Ocean in the southwest. During the final closure, the suture zone acted as a strike-slip fault zone. The latest Cretaceous–Paleocene transpressional to transtensional activities caused the juxtaposition of different basement types and the development of a tectonic mixed zone (the Biga–Armutlu–Ovacik Zone) between the Rhodope and Sakarya Continents. Under the regional N–S compression, on the plate overlying the north/northeastward-dipping Vardar subduction zone, the southwestward escape of an area of crust bounding by the WNW-trending Balkan-Thrace Dextral Fault Zone to the north and the NE-trending Biga–Armutlu–Ovacik Sinistral Zone to the southeast caused a triangular-shaped and isolated depression area for the deposition of the uppermost Cretaceous–Paleocene transgressive sediments in a transtensional setting. The tectonically bounded depression area constitutes also a necessary accommodation space for the deposition of the initial deposits of Early Eocene age in the Thrace Basin.     

郯庐断裂带在新生代的演化

论述了郯庐断裂带在新生代的活动性。根据其活动特点，郯庐断裂带的活动可分5个时期：①古新世至早始新世，除沂沭断裂带中、南段为右行走滑运动外，其余地段都为张裂活动；②中始新世至渐新世，莱州湾以北地段以张性活动为主，而以南则为压性逆冲活动；③中新世至早更新世，渤海湾地区张裂活动强，其以北地区较强，而以南地区弱，且兼有左行滑动；④中更新世，断理解活动平静，在沂沭断裂带中形态该时期的夷平面；⑤晚更新世至今，淮河以北地区，尤其沂沭断裂带，断裂活动强烈，其性质为右行走滑－－逆冲。