鲁西中生代高镁辉石闪长岩中超镁铁质捕虏体成因:氧化态和铂族元素证据

鲁西莱芜晚中生代高镁闪长岩中含丰富的超镁铁质捕虏体,主要为纯橄岩(>80%),少量方辉橄榄岩(<5%)和橄榄辉石岩(<15%)。测定了代表性捕虏体的亲铁、亲铜元素含量,根据其矿物化学成分计算了捕虏体的氧化-还原状态。方辉橄榄岩遭受了不同程度富Si熔体的交代,全岩富含Cr、Co、Ni和IPGE,高IPGE/PPGE值,是地幔深度部分熔融的残留。纯橄岩由铬铁矿和高Mg橄榄石组成,全岩富含Cr、Co、Ni,贫IPGE,低IPGE/PPGE值,可能为一种镁铁质熔体的堆晶岩。纯橄岩中橄榄石成分表现出一定的变化范围,局部镁橄榄石（Fo）成分高达94,可能是堆晶中橄榄石与足够的铬铁矿反应的结果,原始熔体可能为玻镁安山质岩浆。方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩都显示高f_O2值,FMQ+1.4~+2.4,与研究区早古生代相对还原的陆下岩石圈地幔(f_O2低于C-CO₂缓冲反应)形成鲜明对比。数据表明,中生代扬子大陆和华北克拉通碰撞之前,特提斯大洋板块和扬子大陆边缘相继俯冲到华北克拉通东缘之下,导致当时岩石圈地幔的f_O2陡升。     

华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约

在华北克拉通东部鲁西—徐淮地区,存在一套辉石闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成的adakitic岩石。锆石SHRI MP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于早白垩世(130~132Ma)。该类岩石具有较高的MgO含量(质量分数为1·46%~9·76%)、高的Mg#值(0·46~0·68)和高的Sr/Y值(主体介于30~52之间,个别高达410)。这些特征类似于由俯冲大洋板片部分熔融形成的adakitic岩石。然而,它们所表现出来的相对较高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0·7051~0·7077)和较低的εNd(t)值(-4·43~-15·92)则反映岩浆形成或演化过程中应有陆壳物质的参与。徐淮地区该类岩石中榴辉岩类捕虏体和石榴石捕虏晶的存在和鲁西辉石闪长岩中众多地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,以及这些捕虏体中普遍发育富硅质交代作用,由此可以判定该类岩浆应起源于拆沉下部大陆地壳的部分熔融及其在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩的反应,石榴石作为残留相。华北克拉通东部早白垩世adakitic岩石的存在以及榴辉岩类捕虏体的年代学表明,中生代早期曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程,之后相继出现的加厚岩石圈的拆沉应是中生代岩石圈减薄的主导机制。     

Oxidation state of lithospheric mantle along the northeastern margin of the North China Craton: implications for geodynamic processes

Quaternary volcanic rocks in the Kuandian (KD), Longgang (LG), Changbaishan (CBS), Wangqing (WQ), and Jilin (JL) volcanic centres in eastern Liaoning and southern Jilin provinces contain mantle xenoliths of spinel-facies lherzolites and minor harzburgites. Among the study sites, the KD, LG, and CBS volcanic fields are located on the northeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), whereas the WQ and JL fields lie on the southern margin of the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB). The (Fo) components of olivine (Ol) and Cr# (=Cr/(Cr + Al)) of spinel, together with trace element abundance of clinopyroxene, suggest that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) in the study area has undergone a low degree (4–6%) of partial melting. The rocks do not show modal metasomatism, but clinopyroxene grains in selected samples show elevated large ion lithophile element compositions, suggesting that the mantle xenoliths underwent minor cryptic metasomatism by exchange with a silicate melt. Two-pyroxene thermometry yielded equilibration temperatures ranging from 740°C to 1210°C. The corresponding oxygen fugacity (fO₂) was calculated to range from FMQ –2.64 to +0.39 with an average of –0.59 (n?=?53). The oxidation state is comparable to that of abyssal peridotites and the asthenospheric mantle. We failed to discover differences in equilibration temperatures and oxidation state between lherzolites and harzburgites, suggesting that partial melting did not affect fO₂ values. In addition, similar fO₂ of non-metasomatized and metasomatized samples suggest that metasomatism in the region did not affect fO₂. Our data suggest that the present SCLM beneath the northeastern margin of the NCC and the southern margin of the XMOB are very similar and likely formed from a fertile asthenosphere after delamination of an old lithospheric keel below the NCC in response to the west-dipping subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate since early to middle Mesozoic time.     

中国大陆岩石圈地幔镍-钴-铂族元素组成及其成矿意义: 地幔捕虏体证据

镍、钴和铂族元素（PGEs,Platinum group elements）是我国紧缺的关键金属,它们作为亲铁元素主要储存在地核和地幔中。幔源岩浆作用能否超常富集镍、钴和铂族成矿在一定程度上取决于地幔源区这些元素的组成与富集程度,地幔捕虏体可揭示中国大陆岩石圈地幔镍、钴和铂族元素的组成与含量。本文总结了中国华北克拉通、华南克拉通和中亚造山带东部等主要构造单元地幔捕虏体中镍、钴和铂族元素的组成与含量,认为：（1）华北和华南克拉通岩石圈地幔镍、钴和铂族元素原始含量较高,高于原始地幔,且随深度增加而增加,是镍、钴和铂族元素成矿岩浆的有利地幔源区;（2）镍、钴和铂族元素以纳米原子团簇、合金或硫化物等形式赋存、运移与富集;（3）不同构造单元岩石圈地幔镍、钴和铂族元素的富集程度不同;（4）岩石圈地幔镍、钴和铂族元素含量从元古代到新生代有所降低,意味着该区存在镍、钴和铂族元素抽取的岩浆事件,故其成矿潜力巨大。

     

藏南新生代火山-地热区温室气体的释放通量与成因——以谷露-亚东裂谷为例

印度-亚洲大陆俯冲带是地球深部碳循环的重要场所,在全球气候变化研究中占有至关重要的地位。谷露-亚东裂谷是青藏高原南部规模最大、延伸最长的近NS向拉张性裂谷,裂谷内出露新生代火山岩和多处大规模地热区,正在向大气圈释放巨量的温室气体。利用密闭气室法测量并计算得出的谷露和羊应火山-地热区的土壤微渗漏CO_2的平均释放通量分别为436.8g·m~(-2)·day~(-1)和99.0g·m~(-2)·day~(-1),接近具有潜在喷发危险的美国黄石公园火山-地热区(410g·m~(-2)·day~(-1))和加利福尼亚州Mammoth Mountain火山区(107.9g·m~(-2)·day~(-1))的CO_2平均释放通量,表明谷露-亚东裂谷的深部地热流体活动异常强烈。此外,在野外考察的基础上,通过实验室测试和理论计算估算了谷露-亚东裂谷每年以土壤微渗漏的形式向当今大气圈释放的CO_2总量约为1.76×107t,与西特提斯俯冲带前缘的意大利Apennine火山区CO_2的释放总量(1.32×10~7t·a~(-1))属于同一个数量级。因此,印度-亚洲大陆俯冲带是全球地质碳脱气的重要场所。气体地球化学特征显示,谷露-亚东裂谷内火山-地热气体的He同位素比值(0.10~0.29RA,RA为大气3He/4He比值)和δ~(13)CCO_2值(-7.20‰~-0.78‰)在空间分布上表现为,从南至北呈逐渐递增的变化特征,显示裂谷内火山-地热区气体在南北方向上可能具有不同的动力学成因机制。具体来讲,δ~(13)CCO_2值自南向北递增的趋势,可能与裂谷南北方向地层岩性存在差异有关;裂谷内火山-地热气体的He同位素比值高于0.1RA,揭示"重要的地幔组分",同时裂谷内地幔来源的流体组分从南向北逐渐递增的趋势表明,印度大陆岩石圈的向北俯冲作用是导致谷露-亚东裂谷内剧烈的水热活动和大规模温室气体释放最终的动力来源和成因机制。     

Effects of nitrogen on the ecosystem respiration,CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O emissions to the atmosphere from the freshwater marshes in northeast China

Freshwater marshes could be a source of greenhouse gases emission because they contain large amounts of soil carbon and nitrogen. These emissions are strongly influenced by exogenous nitrogen. We investigate the effects of exogenous nitrogen on ecosystem respiration (CO₂), CH₄ and N₂O emissions from freshwater marshes in situ in the Sanjiang Plain Northeast of China during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2005, using a field fertilizer experiment and the static opaque chamber/GC techniques. The results show that there were no significant differences in patterns of seasonal variations of CO₂ and CH₄ among the fertilizer and non-fertilizer treatments, but the seasonal patterns of N₂O emission were significantly influenced by the exogenous nitrogen. Seasonal averages of the CO₂ flux from non-fertilizer and fertilizer were 987.74 and 1,344.35 mg m ⁻² h ⁻¹, respectively, in 2004, and 898.59 and 2,154.17 mg m ⁻² h ⁻¹, respectively, in 2005. And the CH₄ from the control and fertilizer treatments were 6.05 and 13.56 mg m ⁻² h ⁻¹ and 0.72 and 1.88 mg m ⁻² h ⁻¹, respectively, in 2004 and 2005. The difference of N₂O flux between the fertilizer and non-fertilizer treatments is also significant either in 2004 and 2005. On the time scale of 20-, 100-, and 500-year periods, the integrated global warming potential (GWP) of CO₂ + CH₄ + N₂O released during the two growing seasons for the treatment of fertilizer was 97, 94 and 89%, respectively, higher than that for the control, which suggested that the nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the GWP of the CH₄ and N₂O either in long time or short time scale.