The Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit (East Siberia): mineralogy,age, and relation with magmatism

The Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit is localized in the west of the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane composed of a wide spectrum of Early and Late Precambrian igneous rocks and abundant Paleozoic and Mesozoic intrusive and volcanoplutonic associations. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages determined for metasomatites bearing gold-polymetallic mineralization are as follows: garnet-quartz-muscovite-sericite-K-feldspathic metasomatites (129.7±3.2–127.3±4.4 Ma); muscovite-quartz-sericite metasomatites (132.0±2.9–131.3±2.3 Ma). According to the age and general scheme of evolution of the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane, the metasomatites of the Berezitovoe deposit are nearly coeval to the intrusive rocks of the Amudzhikan complex (132–128 Ma). The revealed platinum potential of gold-polymetallic ores and metasomatites permits ranking the Berezitovoe deposit as a specific complex gold-polymetallic-platinum deposit, which considerably increases its commercial value.     

交代岩分类及其含矿性初探

交代作用在自然界十分普遍。它与内生、变质成矿作用关系尤为密切,许多矿床主要以交代方式形成,常伴生广泛和强烈的围岩蚀变现象,形成各类交代岩。这些交代岩石与矿体常形影相随,有着紧密的时空成因联系。研究交代岩的类型、矿物共生组合、分带性及其含矿性,不但能揭示矿床形成的物理化学条件和成岩成矿机理,而且还可以为预测隐伏矿体提供重要找矿标志。     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Triassic mineralized porphyries in the Geza of the Sanjiang orogenic belt,southwestern China

The Geza Andean-type arc is located in the southwestern Sanjiang tectonic belt (i.e. Jinsha, Lancang, and Nujiang River) of SW China, which is a product of the subduction of the Garzê–Litang oceanic crust beneath Zhongdian landmasses in the Late Triassic (235–204 Ma). The Geza Andean-type arc is an important belt of Cu-rich polymetallic mineralization that was recently discovered in China. Prolonged regional tectono-magmatic activity and several episodes of rich mineralization throughout the tectonic evolution of the Andean-type arc produced the super-large Pulang porphyry Cu deposits, the large Xuejiping porphyry Cu deposits, and the large Hongshan skarn-porphyry Cu polymetallic deposits. Here we report new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of Songnuo and Qiansui intrusive rocks, and whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Late Triassic mineralized porphyries from Geza in this region. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Qiansui quartz diorite porphyrite revealed a crystallization age of 220.3 ± 0.66 Ma, for the Songnuo quartz monzonite porphyry, a crystallization age of 204.7 ± 0.72 Ma. The Geza Andean-type arc granitic belt can be divided into three porphyry subzones based on the stage of Andean-type arc orogenic development and the distribution, composition, and geochemical characteristics of the intrusive rocks. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the porphyry and Andean-type arc granite are of the same rock series (high-K calc-alkaline) and genetic type (I-type granite). The trace element geochemistry of these rocks is similar to that of Andean-type arc granite, which is enriched in Ba, Rb, La, Hf, chalcophile elements (Cu, Pb), and siderophile elements (Mo, Ni), and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. In the Geza Andean-type arc, similarities in the major element, REE, and trace element compositions between porphyry and local acidic volcanic rocks suggest that they have the same or similar magmatic source rocks. The petrological characteristics of granite in the Geza Andean-type arc are similar to those of adakitic rocks, and the formation of porphyry and porphyry-related deposits resulted from magmatic hydrothermal fluids that originated in the upper mantle and lower crust. The porphyry Cu mineralization was probably produced from the accumulation and migration of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids and the resultant alteration of host rocks.     

河北省地球化学异常集中区及其分布规律

河北省地球化学异常具有成片集中分布的特点,依据主要成矿元素浓集特征可划分为十九个异常集中区.地球化学异常集中区的分布与地层、构造、岩浆岩的关系密切,在深部构造上则主要分布于幔坡区.综合研究表明,河北省的太古代地层区主要富集Au;中生代火山盆地区富集Pb、Zn、Ag、Mo;北东向的乌龙沟～上黄旗深断裂带是Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu、Mo、Au浓集区;东西向的大庙-娘娘庙深断裂主要发育铁族元素.建议今后在矿产勘查工作中注意这一规律.     

Geologic structure of the Mukodek gold field (northern Transbaikalia) and sources of matter (Pb-Pb and Sm-Nd data)

The Mukodek gold field is located in the Yana zone of the Baikal-Muya fold belt (northern Transbaikalia). Its orebodies are gold-bearing metasomatites confined to the fault of NE strike. It is shown that pre-ore faults played a crucial role in the spatial localization of the orebodies, as they favored the concentration of ore-bearing fluids. Results of geological and structural studies, along with available geochronological data (⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dates for micas in gold-bearing pyrite), testify to ore-forming processes in the ore field during two Late Paleozoic stages. Early gold-bearing metasomatites of sericite-chlorite-albite-ankerite-quartz composition formed at 320 Ma, and late gold-bearing vein metasomatites of ankerite(calcite)-quartz composition originated at 285 Ma. A Pb-Pb isotope study of gold mineralization has shown that ore lead was supplied into the mineral-forming system mainly from a mantle source, most likely, regional Neoproterozoic igneous rocks. According to Sm-Nd isotope data, these rocks formed with the participation of a material of mantle genesis.     

西藏神公地区典中组火成岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

新特提斯洋俯冲消减、印度-亚洲板块碰撞导致西藏冈底斯构造带分布大量火成岩,其形成年龄尚存在一定争议,形成时代及构造意义对揭示板块运动信息具有重要意义。对神公地区典中组火成岩样品分别进行了锆石U-Pb同位素测年和元素地球化学分析,结果表明,典中组底顶部火成岩锆石U-Pb年龄值分别为65.37±0.58Ma和57.42±0.20Ma;该套火成岩主要为钙碱性系列岩石,稀土元素配分曲线表现为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾形态,且负Eu异常明显,K_2O/Na_2O值平均为1.57,微量元素Rb/Sr值平均为1.78,Nb/Ta值平均为13.28,Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素富集,Nb、Ta、Ti亏损。由此认为,典中组火成岩是在俯冲碰撞背景下,来自地幔和地壳的岩浆以不同比例混合形成的,可能指示了新特提斯洋关闭引起的洋壳俯冲作用。     

Amphibolites and basic metasomatites of the Belomorian belt: Similarities and differences

The paper presents a comparative mineralogical-geochemical characterization of amphibolites and basic metasomatic rocks in the Belomorian belt. The metasomatites are spread much more locally than the amphibolites. The metasomatic rocks compose bodies of very diverse morphology, some of which are similar to the morphologies of amphibolite bodies (podiform and tabular bodies and lenses). The metasomatites are characterized by a great diversity of their petrographic varieties, whereas the usual assemblage of the amphibolites is amphibole ± garnet + plagioclase + quartz. Although one of the varieties of both rock types contains the same assemblage (garnet-hornblende), the metasomatites contain no quartz, have different quantitative proportions of their minerals, their compositions, and different overall contents of amphibole and garnet. The metasomatites are more mafic and contain 85–100% mafic minerals, whereas the amphibolites contain only 60–65% mafic minerals. The rocks have different concentrations of most major and some trace elements, including REE. The basic metasomatites are poorer than the amphibolites in SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, LREE, and HREE but richer in MgO and Cr₂O₃. The Cr concentrations in some of the metasomatites are higher than the clarkes of this element in crustal ultrabasic rocks. The main Cr concentrator in the rocks was determined to be amphibole: some grains of this mineral contain as much as 6800 ppm Cr. The element is unevenly distributed even within single grains. Amphiboles of the amphibolites do not contain Cr at all. Another difference of amphiboles from the metasomatic rocks and amphibolites is the depletion of this mineral in the former rocks in Al and Fe, the absence of K, but high concentrations of MgO and 1.5–2.0 times higher. A remarkable feature of the compared rocks is their geneses. The amphibolites of the Belomorian belt are metamorphosed mafic Archean rocks, whereas the basic metasomatites were produced by Fe-Mg-Ca metasomatism (basification) closely related to the granitization of various rocks, first of all, amphibolites. It is important to distinguish between these rocks of various genesis and age, particularly when geological survey is conducted.     

Application of geochemical mapping techniques to a complex Precambrian shield area in Labrador, Canada

Lake sediment and water geochemical data from a complex area of the Canadian shield in Labrador, Canada, display spatial variation patterns that can be linked to bedrock geology. Composite variables derived by R-mode factor analysis are effective in discriminating large-scale lithotectonic divisions, but single-element raw or residual data (corrected for effects of lake depth, Fe, Mn and LOI) provide better resolution of smaller-scale features and major tectonic boundaries.Archean high-grade gneiss regions are typified by high pH and Ni, coupled with depletion of U and F. This signature is developed most strongly over mafic igneous rocks, but is present also over Archean granitoid orthogneisses. Archean crust affected by Proterozoic structural and thermal reworking retains a high Ni signature, but is not depleted in U and F. An Early Proterozoic belt of felsic intrusive and extrusive rocks is defined by enrichment in F, U, Mo, Pb and Zn. Single-element variations suggest large-scale zonation of the belt, with the strongest enrichment over blocks interpreted to represent high crustal levels. Prominent geochemical boundaries coincide with major faults within this belt. High-grade metamorphic terranes comprising Early to Middle Proterozoic crust affected by the 1.0-Ga Grenville Orogeny show low geochemical relief, and are characterized by strong depletion in incompatible elements.In addition to reflecting the dominant rock types in each domain, some of these patterns may be related to the age, erosion level and orogenic history of the crust. For example, the Archean signature may reflect fundamental contrasts in the compositions of Archean and Proterozoic crust, suggested also by lithogeochemical and petrogenetic studies. Geochemical zonation over Early Proterozoic igneous rocks may be a function of crustal level, with the most differentiated granites, volcanic rocks and hydrothermal mineralization present in the uppermost levels of the belt. Depletion of incompatible elements over both Archean and Proterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks may reflect expulsion of these elements by dehydration and anatexis.     

Tectonomagmatic cycles and geodynamic conditions of formation of the ore-bearing systems in the Southern Argun’ Region

The evolution of the geological structure in the Southern Argun’ Region is studied in terms of changing geodynamic conditions of the Proterozoic, Caledonian, and Variscan Tectonomagmatic Cycles, which also under Mesozoic tectonomagmatic activation led to the formation of latite igneous rocks enriched in Au, Cu–Mo, Pb–Zn–Ag, volcanic and plutonic complexes of the caldera structures with Mo–U, Pb–Zn, and fluorite ores, and rare-metal granites with a Sn–W–Li–Ta spectrum.     

Tectono-Magmatic Cycles and Geodynamic Settings of Ore-Bearing System Formation in the Southern Cis-Argun Region

The ore-bearing geological structural units of the southern Cis-Argun region are considered in the context of varying geodynamic regimes related to the Proterozoic, Caledonian, and Hercynian tectono-magmatic cycles, as well as during the Late Mesozoic within-plate tectono-magmatic activity, which give rise to the formation of subalkaline igneous rocks of the Shakhtama Complex with Au, Cu–Mo, Pb–Zn–Ag metallogenic specialization; volcano-plutonic complexes of calderas with Mo–U, Pb–Zn, and fluorite ores; and rare-metal granite of the Kukulbei Complex with a Sn–W–Li–Ta spectrum of mineralization. The comparative geochemical characteristics inherent to Mesozoic ore-bearing felsic igneous rocks are considered, as well as geodynamic settings of ore-bearing fluido-magmatic systems, taking into consideration new data on geochemistry of bimodal trachybasalt–trachydacite series and rhyolite of the Turga Series, which fill the Strel’tsovka Caldera, whose trend of evolution is defined as a reference for geological history of the studied territory. The geodynamic conditions, phase composition, and geochemistry of rocks along with metallogenic specialization of Mesozoic volcano-plutonic complexes of southern Cis-Argun region are close to those of the Great Khingan Belt in northeastern China and eastern Mongolia.     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁地区晚侏罗世侵入岩年代学、地球化学特征及成矿潜力

摘要：阿鲁科尔沁地区位于兴蒙造山带东段,中生代岩浆岩分布广泛。对该地区晚侏罗世侵入岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及其成矿潜力研究。阿鲁科尔沁地区晚侏罗世侵入岩主要由石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩组成,主岩体黑云母花岗闪长岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb加权平均年龄为(14379±084) Ma(MSWD=33),属晚侏罗世,在区域Mo Au Cu成矿峰期内。岩体属准铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,相对富碱,稀土元素总量较低,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有中等Eu负异常,富集强不相容元素Rb、Th、U、LREE,亏损高场强元素P、Ti、Y及HREE,相对亏损Nb和Ta,相对亏损大离子亲石元素Ba,属I型花岗岩。岩体主体来源于壳源基性岩组分的部分熔融,形成于晚侏罗世的后碰撞伸展环境,为有利成矿构造演化阶段。K/Rb和Rb/Sr比值较小,DI值较大,SI值较小,Fe2O3/FeO比值较大,属中等-强演化中等分异程度的氧化型或磁铁矿系列花岗岩,地球化学含矿性参数显示其Cu、Au、Mo金属成矿潜力依次降低,与研究区已发现的矿化特征相一致。     

Geochemistry of carboniferous shales of the Sardar Formation,east central Iran: Implication for provenance,paleoclimate and paleo-oxygenation conditions at a passive continental margin

The Sardar Formation (Carboniferous) has a lithological variation that is characterized by sandstone, shale and limestone members. Shales of the Sardar Formation from the east central Iran have been analyzed for major elements and a number of trace elements. The shales of Sardar Formation are rich in quartz minerals and clay minerals of the bulk minerals. Clay minerals of shales are composed of illite, kaolinite and slightly montmorillonite. SiO₂ versus K₂O/Na₂O diagram shows these shales plotted in the passive continental margin or cratonic field. Geochemical data suggest high acidic source rocks similar to granite and intermediate igneous rocks. CIA and ICV suggest semi-humid climatic conditions during depositions and indicate high chemical weathering in the source area. The geochemical parameters such as V/Cr, Ni/Co and Cu/Zn ratios indicate that these shales were deposited in oxic environment.     

强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)与Cu、Au成矿作用

文中概述了强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)的研究历史、现状和意义,列出了扬子地块东部、青藏高原以及新疆北部与铜金成矿有关的同类岩石的一些特征,重点分析了当前强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)的研究中所存在的问题,并提出了一些初步的设想。强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)不仅具有重要的地球动力学意义(可能与俯冲、拆沉、底侵、板片窗或地幔交代等深部过程有关),而且具有极其重要的Cu、Au成矿意义。俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩及其成矿作用已有相当深入的研究,但是来自大陆内部的强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩的成因、岩石组合及其成矿作用是否类似于俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩,还需要深入的研究。一些强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)的所表现出的高钾特征很可能与高压(>1 GPa)条件下的熔融或源岩的高钾有关。文中提出了一个有别于俯冲洋壳熔融+埃达克岩+Cu、Au成矿的新工作模型——拆沉洋壳或下地壳熔融+强烈亏损重稀土元素的中酸性火成岩(或埃达克质岩)+Cu、Au成矿。拆沉洋壳或下地壳熔融形成熔体的Fe_2O_3对地幔的交代(氧化)作用可能是Cu、Au从地幔迁出并最终成矿的一个重要原因,但是增厚下地壳环境中流体的作用也不?     

吉林省中部地区花岗质岩石风化地球化学特征

对吉林省中部地区花岗质岩石及上覆残积土壤进行系统采样分析,研究表生环境中常量元素和微量元素含量变化,确定了花岗质岩石的风化特征及元素活动性规律：土壤中Ti、Mn、Co、Cu、Mo、V和Zr的平均含量高于岩石,而Al₂O₃、CaO、Na₂O、K₂O、Sr、Th和U的平均含量低于岩石,其余元素含量差别不明显;在垂直剖面上,SiO2、Ti、V、Y和Zr的含量变化不明显,Al₂O₃、Ba、Th、U在土壤B层中有明显的富集趋势,U含量在表层明显下降;Mo的含量在土壤C层明显升高,在表层含量有所下降;MgO、K₂O、Na₂O、CaO在土壤O层和A层中含量明显降低;TFe和Mn含量在垂向剖面上没有明显变化。总体上,亲石元素在风化过程中表现出较强的活动性;亲氧元素则相对较为稳定,在表生环境中元素活动性较弱;亲硫元素活动性介于两者之间。     

大陆板片-地幔相互作用:来自大别造山带碰撞后安山质火山岩的地球化学证据

俯冲到地幔深度的地壳物质不可避免地在板片-地幔界面与地幔楔发生相互作用,由此形成的超镁铁质交代岩就是造山带镁铁质火成岩的地幔源区.因此,造山带镁铁质火成岩为研究俯冲地壳物质再循环和壳-幔相互作用提供了重要研究对象.为了揭示俯冲陆壳物质再循环的机制和过程,对大别造山带碰撞后安山质火山岩开展了元素和同位素地球化学研究.这些安山质火山岩的SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄为124±3~130±2 Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世.此外,残留锆石的U-Pb年龄为中新元古代和三叠纪,分别对应于大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩的原岩年龄和变质年龄.它们具有岛弧型微量元素特征、富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,以及变化的且大多不同于正常地幔的锆石δ18O值.这些元素和同位素特征指示,这些安山质火山岩是交代富集的造山带岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物.在三叠纪华南陆块俯冲于华北陆块之下的过程中,俯冲华南陆壳来源的长英质熔体交代了上覆华北岩石圈地幔楔橄榄岩,大陆俯冲隧道内的熔体-橄榄岩反应产生了富沃、富集的镁铁质地幔交代岩.这种地幔交代岩在早白垩世发生部分熔融,就形成了所观察到的安山质火山岩.因此,碰撞造山带镁铁质岩浆岩的地幔源区是通过大陆俯冲隧道内板片-地幔相互作用形成的,而加入地幔楔中长英质熔体的比例决定了这些镁铁质岩浆岩的岩石化学和地球化学成分.      

新疆磁海超大型铁矿区基性岩及其成矿背景指示

新疆磁海超大型铁矿区基性岩与铁成矿关系密切,是认识大规模铁成矿及其背景的关键.磁海铁矿区基性岩以辉绿岩为主,辉绿岩中断裂-裂隙控制板状铁矿脉群,单颗粒锆石U-Pb法测得206Pb/238U平均年龄为263.8±3.6 Ma(n＝11,MSWD=1.3),与二叠纪塔里木、东天山造山带、北山构造-成矿带等区域基性岩同时代.磁海铁矿区基性岩球粒陨石标准化微量元素蛛网图较平坦,Sr、Ba显示弱富集,Nb略亏损,球粒陨石标准化的REE配分曲线平坦,岩浆起源于亏损软流圈地幔,与其所在区域的北山构造-成矿带、东天山造山带、塔里木等地的基性岩均属碱性-钙碱性系列,它们的微量元素组成相近,岩浆性质相似,成生关系密切.磁海铁矿区基性岩可能是二叠纪地幔柱成因塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分,大规模铁成矿于地幔柱背景,北山构造-成矿带可能是塔里木地幔柱的一枝.      

Genesis of the giant Zijinshan epithermal Cu-Au and Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in the Zijinshan ore district,Fujian Province,SE China: A multi-isotope and trace element investigation

The Zijinshan ore district occurs as one of the largest porphyry-epithermal Cu–Au–Mo ore systems in South China, including the giant Zijinshan epithermal Cu–Au deposit and the large Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposit. The mineralization is intimately related to Late Mesozoic large-scale tectono-magmatic and hydrothermal events. The Cu–Au–Mo mineralization occurs around intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks and hypabyssal porphyry intrusions. In this study, we summarize previously available Re–Os isotopes, zircon U–Pb age and trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data, and present new Pb–S and Re–Os isotope data and zircon trace elements data for ore-related granitoids from the Zijinshan high-sulfidation epithermal Cu–Au deposit and the Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, in an attempt to explore the relationship between the two ore systems for a better understanding of their geneses. The ore-bearing porphyritic dacite from the Zijinshan deposit shows a zircon U-Pb age of 108–106 Ma and has higher zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios (92–1568, average 609) but lower Ti-in-zircon temperatures (588–753 °C, average 666 °C) when compared with the barren intrusions in the Zijinshan ore district. Relative to the Zijinshan porphyritic dacite, the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry from the Luoboling deposit show a slightly younger zircon U–Pb age of 103 Ma, but has similar or even higher zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios (213–2621, average 786) and similar Ti-in-zircon temperatures (595–752 °C, average 675 °C). These data suggest that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks crystallized from relatively oxidized and hydrous magmas. Combined with the high rhenium contents (78.6–451 ppm) of molybdenites, the Pb and S isotopic compositions of magmatic feldspars and sulfides suggest that the porphyry and ore-forming materials in the Luoboling Cu–Mo deposit mainly originated from an enriched mantle source. In contrast, the ore-bearing porphyritic dacite in the Zijinshan Cu–Au deposit might be derived from crustal materials mixing with the Cathaysia enriched mantle. The fact that the Zijinshan Cu–Au deposit and the Luoboling Cu–Mo deposit show different origin of ore-forming materials and slightly different metallogenic timing indicates that these two deposits may have been formed from two separate magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Crustal materials might provide the dominant Cu and Au in the Zijinshan epithermal deposit. Cu and Au show vertical zoning and different fertility because the gold transports at low oxygen fugacity and precipitates during the decreasing of temperature, pressure and changing of pH conditions. It is suggested that there is a large Cu–Mo potential for the deeper part of the Zijinshan epithermal Cu–Au deposit, where further deep drilling and exploration are encouraged.     

Abundances and modes of occurrence of trace elements in the Çan coals (Miocene), Çanakkale-Turkey

This study presents the concentrations and modes of occurrence of trace elements in 81 coal samples from the Çan basin of northwestern Turkey. The concentration of trace elements in coal were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Additionally, traditional coal parameters were studied by proximate, ultimate, X-ray diffraction, and petrographic analyses. Twenty trace elements, including As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, and Zn, receive much attention due to their related environmental and human health concerns. The Çan coals investigated in this study are lignite to sub-bituminous coal, with a broad range of ash yields and sulphur contents. The trace element concentrations show variety within the coal seams in the basin, and the affinities vary among locations. The concentrations of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, and Zn in Çan coals are within the Swaine's worldwide concentration range, with the exception of As, Th, U, and V. On the other hand, compared with world coals, the Çan basin coals have higher contents of As, B, Cu, Co, Mo, Pb, Th, U, V, and Zn. Based on statistical analyses, most of the trace elements, except for U, show an affinity to ash yield. Elements including As, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn, show a possible association with pyrite; however, the elements Se, B, and Mo can be have both organic and inorganic associations.     

Study of late-Mesozoic magmatic rocks and their related copper-gold-polymetallic deposits in the Guichi ore-cluster district,Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,East China

ABSTRACT

The Guichi ore-cluster district in the Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt hosts extensive Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits including the Tongshan Cu–Mo, Paodaoling Au, Matou Cu–Mo, Anzishan Cu–Mo, Guilinzheng Mo and Zhaceqiao Au deposits, mostly associated with the late Mesozoic magmatic rocks, which has been drawn to attention of study and exploration. However, the metallogenic relationship between magmatic rocks and the Cu–Au-polymetallic deposits is not well constrained. In this study, we report new zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and geochemical data for the ore-bearing intrusions of Guichi region. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages for the Anzishan quartz diorite porphyrite is 143.9 ± 1.0 Ma. Integrated with previous geochronological data, these late Mesozoic magmatic rocks can be subdivided into two stages of magmatic activities. The first stage (150–132 Ma) is characterized by high-K calc-alkaline intrusions closely associated with Cu–Au polymetallic ore deposits. Whereas, the second stage (130–125 Ma) produced granites and syenites and is mainly characterized by shoshonite series that are related to Mo–Cu mineralization. The first stage of magmatic rocks is considered to be formed by partial melting of subducted Palaeo-Pacific Plate, assimilated with Yangtze lower crust and remelting Meso-Neoproterozoic crust/sediments. The second stage of magmatism is originated from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic crust, mixed with juvenile crustal materials. The depression cross to the uplift zone of the Jiangnan Ancient Continent forms a gradual transition relation, and the hydrothermal mineralization composite with two stages have certain characteristics along the regional fault (Gaotan Fault). Guichi region results from two episodes of magmatism probably related to tectonic transition from subduction of Palaeo-Pacific Plate to back-arc extensional setting between 150 and 125 Ma, which lead to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in southeast China.