桂东大瑶山地区铜金多金属矿床成矿系列及成矿模式

大瑶山地区铜金多金属矿床主要由斑岩型、夕卡岩型、断裂-蚀变岩型3种类型的矿床（点）组成,矿种以金为主,伴有铜、银、铅、锌等矿化,构成了一个较完整的成矿系列组合,可划分2个矿床成矿系列和4个矿床成矿亚系列.成矿作用与浅成-超浅成岩浆岩关系密切.岩浆活动为矿床的形成提供了热源和热液.断裂构造提供了运移通道并控制着矿体分布.震旦系-寒武系是主要矿源层.建立了矿源层、构造、岩浆活动“三位一体”的区域成矿模式.     

新疆克兰盆地红墩铅锌矿床与铁木尔特铅锌矿床的对比研究

虽然红墩铅锌矿床与铁木尔特铅锌矿床均产于新疆阿尔泰山南缘中部的克兰裂谷盆地,且二者的矿体产状与地层走向一致,具有明显的纹层状构造,但是在某些主要地质特征上,二者却存在显著的差异.例如,前者赋存于中泥盆统阿勒泰镇组的沉积碎屑岩,与海相基性火山岩有关,表现为锌多铅少,不含铜,且闪锌矿为含铁较少的低温闪锌矿;而后者却赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组的火山碎屑-碳酸盐岩中,与海相酸性火山岩有关,表现为铅多锌少,富含铜,且闪锌矿为含铁较多的高温闪锌矿.综合对比研究表明,红墩铅锌矿床属于SEDEX型铅锌矿床,而铁木尔特铅锌矿床则属于VHMS型铅锌矿床.     

新疆阿尔泰麦兹盆地沉积矿床地质特征与找矿方向

麦兹晚古生代火山盆地位于西伯利亚板块阿尔泰陆缘活动带东段,盆地中赋存有丰富的铅锌、铜铁等多金属矿产,其中可可塔勒大型铅锌矿、蒙库大型铁矿床、阿克哈仁铅锌矿、大桥铅锌矿等具有代表性,各类矿床表现出海底火山喷气沉积成矿的特征.麦兹盆地多金属矿床具有明显的规律性,铁矿主要分布于盆地北侧下泥盆统康布铁堡组下亚组,铅锌矿主要分布于盆地南侧下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组.今后应注意在蒙库铁矿区及外围寻找铜矿,在盆地中部的阿尔泰镇组沉积岩区寻找红墩式(沉积)铅锌矿,同时加强可可塔勒铅锌矿带西段和深部的勘查工作.     

新疆北部火山活动与铜铅锌成矿

新疆北部地质构造复杂，古生代火山活动很强烈。从寒武纪到二叠纪都有火山喷发，以泥盆、石炭纪火山喷发活动最强。铜铅锌矿的成矿与火山活动关系最密切。铜铅锌矿主要产于火山活动强烈，火山岩发育地段。依据铜铅锌矿成矿特征与火山活动的关系，新疆北部具有火山喷发—沉积、火山热液、次火山岩等类型的铜铅锌矿床     

新疆小石头泉铜多金属矿床地质特征、找矿前景

小石头泉矿区主含矿层为下石炭统雅满苏组第二亚组，火山穹隆及伴生断裂为主要的控矿构造。矿区含矿火山岩组合属岛弧钙碱性－拉斑玄武岩系列，不具备形成火山成因的块状硫化物矿床的条件。小石头泉铜多金属矿床可归属为与次火山热液有关的脉状铜铅锌银多金属矿床，矿田矿化带规模宏大，具备形成大型矿床的地质条件，矿区外围中酸性侵入岩体具有形成斑岩铜矿的地质条件。     

青藏东部玉树、昌都地区地质地球物理特征及找矿远景

区内矿产资源丰富，有铜、铅—锌、金、铁、汞、镍六种成型矿床。区内古生代、中生代地层中海相火山岩层可作为有利的赋矿层，中生代沉积地层，尤其是三叠系地层可作为有利找矿层。铜、铁矿床形成与侵入岩有关。成矿带明显受北西、北西西、北西转南北向区域性深、大断裂控制。与中—酸侵入岩有关的矿床，局部重力异常多表现为圆形、椭圆形的重力低，矿床主要位于负异常中心及边部地带。航磁异常多有异常反映，幅值一般在50nT以下。与赵基性—基性侵岩有关矿床，局部重力异常表现为椭圆形的正异常，矿床位于正异常边部，且与一正磁异常对应。     

蒙古国巴颜乌列盖多兰哈达地区地球化学特征及成矿

蒙古国巴颜乌列盖多兰哈达位于世界著名的铜—金—铅锌—钨金属成矿区—阿尔泰多金属成矿带北西段。区内出露地层主要为泥盆纪火山—沉积岩系。地球化学异常呈环带状分布,与岩体关系密切,该区铅锌矿为受火山通道控制的火山热液型金—铅锌矿床。矿区西部有寻找深部富矿体的前景,矿区南部及矿区东部次火山斑岩体附近,有寻找深部盲矿体的潜力。     

A comparative study of stream water and stream sediment as geochemical exploration media in the Rio Tanama porphyry copper district,Puerto Rico

To test the relative effectiveness of stream water and sediment as geochemical exploration media in the Rio Tanama porphyry copper district of Puerto Rico, we collected and subsequently analyzed samples of water and sediment from 29 sites in the rivers and tributaries of the district. Copper, Mo, Pb, Zn, SO₄^2?, and pH were determined in the waters; Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn were determined in the sediments. In addition, copper in five partial extractions from the sediments was determined. Geochemical contrast (anomaly-to-background quotient) was the principal criterion by which the effectiveness of the two media and the five extractions were judged.Among the distribution patterns of metals in stream water, that of copper most clearly delineates the known porphyry copper deposits and yields the longest discernable dispersion train. The distribution patterns of Mo, Pb, and Zn in water show little relationship to the known mineralization. The distribution of SO₄^2? in water delineates the copper deposits and also the more extensive pyrite alteration in the district; its recognizable downstream dispersion train is substantially longer than those of the metals, either in water or sediment. Low pH values in small tributaries delineate areas of known sulfide mineralization.The distribution patterns of copper in sediments clearly delineate the known deposits, and the dispersion trains are longer than those of copper in water.The partial determinations of copper related to secondary iron and manganese oxides yield the strongest geochemical contrasts and longest recognizable dispersion trains. Significantly high concentrations of molybdenum in sediments were found at only three sites, all within one-half km downstream of the known copper deposits. The distribution patterns of lead and zinc in sediments are clearly related to the known primary lead-zinc haloes around the copper deposits. The recognizable downstream dispersion trains of lead and zinc are shorter than those of copper.     

Geological Characteristics of Copper Mineralization,Jiujiang—Ruichang Area,Jiangxi Province,China

The Jiujiang-Ruichang area in northwestern Jiangxi extends along the western part of the minerogenic belt of the middle-lower Yangtze Valley in a terrain of sediments ranging from Ordovician to Triassic in age with NEE-folda,and NW-compressive,NNW-tensile and NEE-compressive-shearing faults as the major structures .Igneous rocks are mostly intermediate-acid epizonal intrusive bodies.Typical copper mineralizations in this area include the skarn-type and stratiform Cu-bearing pyrite-type deposits at Wushan and the porphyry and breccia-pipe type copper-molybdenum deposits at Chengmenshan.Silurian strata,with a great thickness and an average copper content of 51 ppm,are considered to be the source bed of copper mineralization,as is evidenced,among other things,by the presence of an envelope which is notably impoverished in Cu aroud most of the deposits.Magmatic rocks which intruded into the Silurian strata often have relatively high alkali contents and K2O/Na2O ratios ,with extensive potash alteration.Magmatic rocks in the area are of co-melting type or mixed type.The magma assimilated a large quanity of country rocks while ascending.They are characterized by high REE contents,absence of Eu anomalies and high LREE/HREE ratios.Ancient lead and strontium isotopes were detected in feldspar megaphenocrysts from the granodiorite porphyry.Hydrothermal convective circulation systems of magmatic water of magmatic water and supergenic water was extensively developed in the magmatic and country rocks,in which copper,potassium and other ore-forming components were extracted from the country rocks and concentrated through heating,boiling and evaporating.When the ore-forming fluids found their way into the skarn zone or the unconformity between the Wutong Formation and the Huanglong Formation,ore precipitation would have occurred as a result of changing media,If the concentration of KCl exceeded 9%,copper and other ore-forming components might have been deposited in magmatic rocks,forming the porphyry-type ore deposits.     

卢氏-栾川地体铅锌矿成矿地质条件分析及找矿远景

卢氏—栾川地体是一个独立而独特的成矿地质单元，通过研究认为地体内铅锌矿床(点)的空间分布与燕山期中酸性小岩体关系密切。首次提出区内铅锌矿除分布于远离燕山期中酸性小岩体并受中、上元古界大理岩地层控制的脉状铅锌矿床外，还有矽卡岩型铅锌矿床呈环带状分布于钼(钨)矿床外围，这三种矿床共同构成一个与燕山期中酸性小岩体有关的成矿系列。其中矽夕卡岩型铅锌矿床的找矿前景广阔，是进一步找矿的重要类型。     

Metal transport, partition and fixation in drainage waters and sediments in carbonate terrain in Southeastern Ontario

Lake sediment composition as an indicator of mineralization within the catchment area has found widespread application in recent years, particularly in Canada. Results have indicated, however, the existence of varying relationships between lake sediment composition and mineralization resulting from local features of the limnological environment. Accordingly it was considered appropriate to examine the nature of metal transport in the lake and stream environment, the partitioning of metal between the stream waters and stream sediments and between lake waters and lake sediments to obtain some understanding of the factors that affect the lake sediment-mineralization relationship. This investigation was carried out over an area containing Pb-Zn occurrences of supposed “Mississippi-Valley type” in Grenville and Paleozoic bedrock in southeastern Ontario.The headwater drainage systems comprise active streams, swamps, beaver ponds and small lake-bog systems giving way downstream to open lakes. The beaver swamps and seasonal swamps act as drainage sinks for metals, restricting the extent of geochemical dispersion in drainage systems adjacent to mineralization. Selective extraction analysis of bog, stream and lake sediments indicates that metals are preferentially concentrated with amorphous iron oxides, which readily adsorb and complex lead and zinc and are stable in the alkaline environment common in swamps adjacent to carbonate-hosted lead-zinc mineralization. The accumulation of lead and zinc with amorphous iron oxides combined with the adsorbing and chelating action of organic matter on lead and zinc makes organic-rich sediments from these small swampy areas an excellent sample medium for reflecting local mineralization. Down drainage anomalies of these elements can be accentuated by selective analysis for the amorphous iron oxide-held metal, involving selective extraction techniques.In contrast, within larger lake systems, the analysis of water samples indicates that geochemical dispersion in surface waters in the high pH environment (pH = 8.0) associated with the carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits is extremely restricted. In this environment, anomalous metal contents in lake water were not evident in lakes adjacent to mineralization, while anomalous lake sediment compositions exist only in lakes immediately adjacent to Pb-Zn mineralization and do not extend down the drainage system. The restricted dispersion necessitates basing geochemical reconnaissance surveys on collection and analysis of samples from the headwater organic-rich swamps at a higher sample density and resulting higher cost than in areas where a lower sample density is acceptable due to a wider dispersion.     

沉积硬石膏岩中铜、铅、锌、锶、钡的含量特征及其活化、迁移的实验研究

本文对云南金顶铅锌矿区和山东大汶口盐矿区硬石膏中铜、铅、锌、锶、钡含量的测试结果进行了统计分析,并进行了95℃和150℃下硬石膏在不同介质水溶液中重金属的活化模拟实验.结果表明:硬石膏岩中普遍含有铜、铅、锌、锶和钡等重金属.其中铅和锶的含量服从正态分布;而铜、锌和钡的含量则服从对数正态分布.硬石膏岩中的重金属在介质水溶液中能够被活化,尤其是其中的锶,活化后的释出量相当可观.含有NaCl和氨基酸的酸性水溶液更有利于这种活化作用.据此,作者认为:蒸发岩层可以提供部分成矿无素,即通过介质水溶液的活化作用形成有意义的戍矿溶液.含有NaCl和有机质（氨基酸）的水溶液不仅有利于蒸发岩中重金属的活化,而且有利于它们在溶液中的迁移和富集.     

Origin of fluorine in mineral waters of Bujanovac valley (Serbia, Europe)

This paper deals with mineral and thermomineral water occurrences of the Bujanovac valley in south eastern part of Serbia related to granitoides of the Bujanovac massif along both the margin and the floor of the valley. In past decades (1966–2010) numerous hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and geophysical explorations were carried out. One of results of these explorations is the completion of test holes and exploratory—production wells. They provide groundwater for three water bottling factories: “Heba”, “Bivoda”, “Prohor” as well as the “Vrelo Bujanovac Banja Spa Centre” for rehabilitation, treatment, and prevention. All stated consumers use the same mineral water aquifer. The content of fluoride in the majority of examined mineral waters is higher than 4 mg/1, whereby they are singled out as typical fluoride waters. The content of calcium ions in them amounts 80 mg/1, and the values of the saturation index in relation to calcium fluoride (SI) range from 0.4 to 0.7 mg/1, which points to mineral waters saturated in relation to fluorite. However, in the study area, there are mineral water occurrences with the content of fluoride significantly lower than in the majority of analysed waters representing hydrochemical anomalies. These waters occur as hydrochemical anomalies in marl and sandstone wherein Secondary mineral water aquifers, originating from cracked granite of the Bujanovac massif, are formed. When mineral waters from granite (with the increased content of fluoride) reach these secondary aquifers, the content of fluoride ions lowers to about 1 mg/1, which is of great significance from the point of view of mineral water utilisation as table bottled water. In this paper, it is proved that, in addition to the presence of some minerals as basic fluorine bearers, the role of the lithological environment where the natural process of defluoridation occurs is significant, which is confirmed by the revitalization of the A-4 well. The paper deals with mineral water deposits of the Bujanovac valley, and the natural way of lowering of fluorine content in the given waters.     

新疆阿克陶县塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿带矿体地质特征

新疆塔木－卡兰古铅锌矿带矿床属于台缘碳酸盐岩容矿的超低温度热液成因。矿麻赋存于中泥盆统一下石炭统３个控矿的由碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩组成的古含水层中,角砾岩、矿体均具有复杂的产状,影响矿体产出了主要因素包括碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩界面、构造、低温热液交代作用以及容矿围岩的岩性,铅锌、铜、铁矿均是统一的成矿系统的一部分,锌（铅）矿围岩以碳酸盐岩为主,铜矿围岩为紫工色碎屑岩,铅矿围岩为灰白色碎屑岩,各主要矿空部及外围均存在较好的找矿前景。     

兰坪——思茅盆地砂页岩中铜矿床成矿物质来源研究

兰坪－思茅中,新生代盆地砂页岩中铜矿床的微量元素特征,稀土配分型式以及硫、铅、碳、氧、氢、硅等同位素等表明,成矿金属物质、硫和碳、既有来自赋矿岩石（包括火山岩）,又有来自基底岩石,同时还有深部物质的参与。成矿溶液主要来自大气降水、矿化和蚀变作用是在水／岩比值较低的体系中进行的。     

Geochemistry of Thermal－Mineral Waters in Siping＇an District， Shanxi Province， China

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阿尔泰山南缘典型铜、镍、铅锌矿床成矿模式初探

阿尔泰山南缘的阿舍勒铜(锌)矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、喀拉通克铜镍矿均为大型-特大型矿床.通过典型矿床成矿特征比较,认为本区主要的铜、镍、铅锌等有色金属矿床均形成于海西期,产于西伯利亚与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔这两大板块之接合部位的陆缘裂谷带附近,块状硫化物矿床是其最基本的成矿形式,额尔齐斯深大断裂两侧是最有利的矿化富集空间.成矿物质来源都涉及到前泥盆系的古老岩石基底或更深的上地幔原始熔浆.其成矿模式有两种基本类型,一是早-中泥盆世海底火山喷流-沉积成矿作用模式,二是海西中晚期与上地幔拉斑玄武熔浆有关的熔融洋壳岩浆熔离分异成矿作用模式.     

甘肃北祁连山错沟-寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带区域地质背景及找矿方向

甘肃省错沟-寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带位于奥陶纪弧后盆地和岛弧扩张脊火山岩带内,沿成矿带分成有5个矿化集中区,区内典型矿床研究表明:矿床形成于强烈拉张的构造背景,赋存在蛇绿岩套中-上部的基性火山熔岩-火山碎屑沉积岩中,受古火山机构和其原生构造裂隙控制.根据控矿条件分析,今后有必要对蛇绿岩套发育、存在以Cu为主的化探异常、海底热液喷流标志明显的摆浪沟地区和小砂石地区进行深入的找矿工作.     

兰坪盆地喜马拉雅期构造-岩浆活动与流体成矿的关系

以往人们对兰坪盆地铅锌多金属矿床成因的研究,大多侧重于对十地下水成矿作用和热水沉积改造作用探索,而忽视了盆地内构造－岩地该区多金属 矿作用的贡献。本文重点研究了兰坪盆地及邻及喜山期岩浆岩的微量经地球化学特征。并对岩浆活动与流体成矿的关系进行了详细的讨论。     

陕西省矿床成矿系列的初步划分

通过系统总结，首次将陕西省主要矿床初步划分为4个矿床成矿系列组合，22个成矿系列类型，42个成矿系列和若干亚系列。其中省内金矿床的主要成矿系列为燕山期与变质一岩浆热液有关的金多金属矿床成矿系列、略勉板内结合带与岩浆热液有关的金矿成矿系列、商丹板块对接带与变质热液有关的金矿床成矿系列、现代河流中的冲一洪积砂金矿床成矿系列、与热水渗滤作用有关的金矿床成矿系列及活动区造山带与碱性碳酸盐类有关的金矿床成矿系列类型，银矿床的主要成矿系列为复理式建造中的菱铁矿银多金属矿床成矿系列，铜矿床的主要成矿系列为与元古代中-酸性岩有关的铁铜矿床成矿系列、加里东-印支期与中性-酸性花岗岩类有关的铁铜金钨萤石矿床成矿系列、与海相中基性火山岩有关的铜锌矿床成矿系列、前寒武系变质火山岩中的铜锌黄铁矿床成矿系列，钼矿床的主要成矿系列为与中酸性浅成-超浅成小岩体(斑岩)有关的钼铁铜矿床成矿系列，铅锌矿床的主要成矿系列为海底热液喷流-沉积铅锌矿床成矿系列、与热水渗滤作用有关的铅锌矿床成矿系列、海底喷流沉积-热液改造铅锌铜矿床成矿系列，汞锑矿床的主要成矿系列为与热水渗滤作用有关的汞锑矿床成矿系列，重晶石矿床的主要成矿系列为寒武系-奥陶系中的钒钼重晶石磷块岩黄铁矿石煤矿床成矿系列、下志留统中的重晶石铀石煤矿床成矿系列，煤矿床的主要成矿系列为大型内陆盆地中的煤油页岩成矿系列及与海陆交互相沉积岩有关的煤铝黄铁矿粘土高岭土矿床成矿系列类型，岩盐矿床的主要成矿系列为产于奥陶系中的岩盐(钠盐)矿床成矿系列。