覆盖层对激电异常的影响研究

激发极化法已经在资源勘查中得到广泛应用,并取得了显著的地质效果。然而,在野外实际工作中,通常由于地表存在低阻或高阻覆盖层,而使覆盖层下目标地质体的激电异常发生变化。这里首先介绍时间域激电二维有限元数值模拟的基本理论;其次介绍了设计存在覆盖层条件下几种典型的理论地电模型,并对其进行有限元数值模拟;最后,总结覆盖层对激电异常的影响特征。这些工作能够为激发极化法在实际工作中的应用起到参考作用。     

PROGRESS OF GEOLOGICAL STUDIES AT THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE U.S.S.R.

Progress report deals with: 1) Geochronology — potassium-argon — principally Precambrian. Gives dates on Precambrian of Baltic Shield including eastern Sweden, Northeastern Norway, Finland, Karelia, and Kola Peninsula. Gives a correlation of the Precambrian for the entire European U.S.S.R. 2) Depth and origin of magmatic ore deposits using reconstructed erosion surfaces for the major periods of mineralization. The depth zones of ore formation of American and European theories is questioned. 3) Tectonic mapping in crustal studies. And in this conjunction 4) Bathy-metric map of the Pacific has been prepared, conspicuous features are major tectonic and volcanic forms of the ocean bottom, as well as minor detail. Brief mention is made of ore deposits from the ocean. 5) “Weathering Crust” studies of subaerial weathering erosion and deposition, mainly of ancient crusts. 6) Study on the origin and distribution of “agricultural areas”, mainly phosphates. 7) Compilation of a Manual of Minerals now underway.--M.A. Klugman.     

FIRST EXTENDED PLENUM OF THE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMISSION ON GEOMORPHOLOGY,DIVISION OF GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES,ACAD. OF SCIENCES OF THE U.S.S.R.

Among the topics covered by the 12th plenary meeting of the Commission of Geomorphology were 1) status of geomorphological research and mapping in the U.S.S.R., 2) application of geomorphology in construction and mineral prospecting, 3) geomorphological training, and 4) standardization of mapping procedures and symbolism. The plenum went on record as favoring maps based primarily on genetic classification of features.—M. Russell.     

辽宁鞍山一带第四系覆盖区航磁异常的找矿意义

根据我国钢铁工业快速发展的实际情况,探讨了第四系覆盖区航磁异常的找矿意义。通过对辽宁省鞍山地区1:20万和1:5万航磁数据的处理,提出了1:5万航磁测量ΔT化极上延垂向二次导数正值区可以作为研究铁矿床分布规律一个因素的认识,并参考布格重力异常等资料,认为鞍山一带第四系覆盖区航磁异常具有寻找铁矿床的意义,而且该区铁矿资源潜力巨大。     

佛子冲火山岩区隐伏铜锌矿床的类型归属及成矿远景

佛子冲铅锌成矿带包括两种矿床类型,即佛子冲式夕卡岩型矿床和牛卫式热液充填（交代）型矿床,这两类矿床矿体产状,围岩蚀变,矿物组合,以及单矿物中微量元素分布特征等方面区别明显,但硫化矿物的硫,铅同位素组成相同,并且均表现出强烈的均一化的特点,反映出两者的成矿条件及成矿方式虽然不同,但具有相同的物源－燕山期钙碱性火山岩系,在佛子冲矿带南部火山岩覆盖区,铅锌矿化组合空间展布呈“三层楼”结构,并且构造控矿作用明显：矿点主要分布于佛子冲隐伏背斜的轴部（“龙脊”）,特别是在隐伏背斜被NE向断裂切割部位,火山岩铅锌矿化大多属于佛子冲式矿床类型,即佛子冲矿带内主要的矿床类型,具有较大的找矿前景。     

NOTE ON THE GEOLOGY OF CHANGSINTIEN-TUOLI AREA,S.W.OF PEIPING

Changsintien is a station on the Peiping-Hankow railway and is situatedabout 20 km S.W.of Peiping.Further S.W.for about 15 km is the townof Tuoli where begins the Tuotsin aerial ropeway for transporting coal and at     

GEOBOTANICAL MAP OF THE U.S.S.R.

A newly compiled geobotanical map of the U.S.S.R. scale 1:4,000,000 is described. Two hundred and ten categories of vegetation are mapped, classified under 15 major groups. The relation of the mapped vegetation units to climate, soil, ground condition (permafrost), watersheds, and major geomorphic features is emphasized. -- M. Russell.     

NOTE ON THE GEOLOGY OF CHANGSINTIEN-TUOLI AREA,S.W.OF PEIPING

Changsintien is a station on the Peiping-Hankow railway and is situatedabout 20 km S.W.of Peiping.Further S.W.for about 15 km is the townof Tuoli where begins the Tuotsin aerial ropeway for transporting coal and at     

米仓山区盖层褶皱构造变形分析

通过１∶５万区域地质调查和构造研究，首次提出米仓山区构造模式是在印支期到喜马拉雅期秦岭造山、四川成盆的山－盆耦合作用动力学和区内岩石力学性质差异分层结构的地质背景下，经历主波长－接触应变褶皱之后，通过断展褶皱作用以先成褶皱包络面和盖层底部角度不整合面为褶皱变形面形成的一个巨型不协调背斜构造。充实并运用主波长理论公式估算了褶皱作用期间的有关参数。建立了区域构造两类四型五阶段演化模式。     

成都长安垃圾填埋场填土料对污染物质的吸附试验研究

现场调查和室内实验表明,作为垃圾填埋结构之一的填土层对渗滤液污染物质起着不可低估的净化作用。本文在详细研究了成都市长安垃圾填埋场填土料的矿物组成、化学成分和颗粒分布特征的基础上,选取渗滤液中的主要污染物质ＮＨ＋４进行了静态和动态吸附试验。结果表明：土料对ＮＨ＋４有较强的吸附能力,平均吸附量为２．５２ｍｇ·ｇ－１,吸附速率为１．１２５ｍｇ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１,吸附过程符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程。填土层在工作过程中形成了上部饱和层、中部工作层、下部新料层的三个部分,吸附机理以置换Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋等阳离子为主的离子交换作用,出水中ＮＨ＋４与Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋等阳离子呈现显著的负相关关系。     

页岩地区浅埋隧道超前地质预报方法研究

以页岩的不良工程性质和围岩分级依据为基础,探讨公路隧道页岩浅埋段的超前地质预报方法的优化组合。通过比较国内外现有的各种超前地质预报方法的优缺点,提出了以TSP法和双频激电法为主,根据工程项目的等级适当考虑采用探地雷达作为补充的一套组合方案,而在某些特别复杂地段建议采用水平钻探加以验证。应用这套方案,中南大学在常(德)-张(家界)高速公路第十合同段的关口垭隧道进行了一次科研试验,对预报结果进行详细的处理和分析后,给施工单位提出了相应的施工建议。后期的跟踪调查结果表明,试验成果与实际情况基本吻合,给予了施工正确的指导,基本达到了试验目的。