Elision systems of the dnieper-donets aulacogen: Communication 2. Catagenetic processes in the donets and Pripyat depressions and some metallogenic features of the aulacogen

Elision processes associated with the formation and migration of brines and development of salt diapirs in the stratisphere in the Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets depressions are discussed. It is shown that salt stocks and mud volcanoes are characterized by the morphological similarity. Metallogeny of the Dnieper-Donets and Pripyat depressions is analyzed and problems of its further investigation are formulated.     

Alpine deformations in Donbass: Periodicity,character of stresses,and their probable sources

The periodicity, dynamics, and kinematics of the insufficiently studied Cenozoic (Alpine) movements in the Donets Fold Edifice and its framework are considered. The synthesis of the available data on the Donets Basin (Donbass) and the adjacent territories of the Russian and Scythian plates shows that the Early Alpine, or Laramian epoch of deformation in the Paleocene and the Late Alpine, or recent epoch of deformation in the early Miocene-Quaternary were divided by a tectonic pause in the Eocene and Oligocene. Judging from macrostructural pattern and results of mesotectonic observations, both epochs were characterized by meridional compression and latitudinal extension but substantially differed in the scope of deformation and the style of structure. The former developed to the west of the Donbass and resulted in compression of diapirs in the Dnieper-Donets Aulacogen, whereas the latter created the recent Donets-Azov Swell and brought about right-lateral strike-slip faulting along the North Donets and Persianovsky faults bounding the Donbass. The recent movements and related deformation in the eastern area, including the substantial role of right-lateral strike-slip faulting, more intense deformation in comparison with Laramian movements, and the mobilization of the basement not only in the Dnieper-Donets Aulacogen but also far beyond its limits allow us to connect these phenomena with coeval orogeny in the Greater Caucasus. The nature of the moderate Laramian movements confined to the axial zone of the aulacogen is more questionable; however, it can be explained in terms of within-plate reactivation of western and part of eastern Europe as a response to plate collision in the Alps, Dinarides, and Pontides in combination with coeval onset of spreading in the North Atlantic and Arctic, which created counter-pressure from the north. The eventual result of both processes was inversion and compression of some European aulacogens, including the Dnieper-Donets Aulacogen.     

中央克兹勒库姆区域构造演化及铀成矿特征

中亚天山造山带中央克兹勒库姆铀成矿区是世界驰名的铀矿产地,区域构造上属叠加于海西期地槽褶皱造山带上的喜马拉雅期活化造山带中的次级造山带,有大量层间氧化带砂岩型和碳硅质板岩型铀矿床分布。经活化构造成矿分析,铀成矿作用经历了多个大地构造演化阶段,地槽造山阶段形成铀源层、体,地台阶段形成部分有利铀成矿和储矿的砂岩层,活化造山阶段形成淋积和热流体成因的工业铀矿床。     

论新疆北部石炭-二叠纪成煤大地构造

研究表明,本区现阶段的构造分区为:天山地洼区,准噶尔地洼区和阿尔泰地洼区,各区演化、发展各具特征,表明地壳演比的不平衡性和差异性,石炭—二叠纪分别处于地槽发展前期和后期,二者无论在沉积环境、古地理条件,还是在构造型式、岩浆活动强度上都存在明显的差异。前期形成的聚煤盆地属海相环境,受近东西、北西西向地槽构造系的控制,火山话动强烈,系典型的优地槽沉积;后期形成的聚煤盆地属海陆交替相、陆相环境,为山间坳陷型盆地,受地槽褶皱山系的控制,以快速升降运动和快速堆积为特色,盆地中沉积了巨厚的磨拉式建造。石炭—二叠纪的沉积环境和构造条件不利于聚煤作用的发生和持续进行,致使海盆边缘和陆盆中未能形成良好的含煤岩系。因此,新疆北部地槽区与华北地合区相反,石炭—二叠纪不是理想的成煤时期,地槽期的海盆和地槽褶皱带期的山间坳陷也不是理想的聚煤盆地,这为该区的大地构造条件所决定。     

豫西马超营断裂带的构造演化及其与金等成矿的关系

马超营断裂带是豫西华北地台南缘一条重要的控矿构造带 ,具有复杂的构造演化史 ,至少发生过 5个旋回、7个世代的构造事件。其中海西—印支期的伸展滑脱构造体制和燕山期的逆冲推覆构造体制 ,对该构造带的发展演化和金、多金属成矿起着重要的作用。     

松辽盆地西南部上第三系地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件及远景预测

运用水成铀矿理论的地质预测和评价预测,在对松辽盆地西南部上第三系地层结构、岩性岩相特征、古气候、地球化学环境、水文地质条件及层间氧化带发育特征等控矿因素研究基础上,预测了成矿远景,认为舍伯吐地区、开鲁地区是层间氧化带砂岩型铀成矿远景地段,为本区进一步铀矿普查找矿指明了方向.     

Dynamique sédimentaire comparative dans les bassins stéphano-permiens des Ida Ou Zal et Ida Ou Ziki, haut Atlas Occidental, Maroc

The intra-mountainous Ida Ou Zal Basin developed as a graben during the Stephanian (Carboniferous) and Lower Permian. Along its borders from east to west are the remnants of basal conglomerates. Passing laterally towards the centre of the basin are fine-grained fluvial-lacustrine sediments or flood-plain deposits. The important accumulation (1800 m) of sediments, associated with climatic and tectonic changes, caused substantial subsidence in a late orogenic setting. The remnants of sporadic volcanic products (shards) found in the Ida Ou Zal and the Ida Ou Zika Basins suggest nearby simultaneous magmatic activity.A comparison between the basins of Ida Ou Zal and Ida Ou Ziki suggest that the two basins formed a single unit, called the Souss Basin, ultimately terminated between the Lower Permian and Upper Permian times by a sinistral movement of the N70-80° Agadir Ou Anzizen Fault (west branch of the Tizi N'Test Fault) at the very end of the Hercynian Orogeny in Morocco.     

Geology of massive sulphide deposits in the Spanish-Portuguese Pyrite Belt

The Spanish-Portuguese Pyrite Belt covers a large area in the SW part of the Iberian Peninsula from Seville to the westcoast of Portugal. Total reserves of aprox. 1.000 million tons of massive sulphide ores have an average content of 46% S, 42% Fe, and 2–4% Cu+Pb+Zn. The stratiform sulphide deposits and accompanying manganese mineralizations are of synsedimentary-exhalative origin. They occur in a Lower Carboniferous, geosynclinal, volcanic-sedimentary rock sequence, strongly folded during the Hercynian Orogeny. A brief outline of the regional geology of this ore province is given, and the geology of three mining districts is described: Lousal (Portugal), La Zarza and Tharsis (Huelva Province, Spain). A close relationship between sulphide and manganese ores with the submarine, acid alkaline volcanism is emphasized. Solfataric activity is responsible for the formation of sulphides in the final stages of volcanic extrusions. The ore concentration in big deposits (ore-lenses with up to 100 million tons of massive sulphides) has been due to inflows of sulphide muds and/or detrital sulphides into newly formed depressions of a contineously changing seafloor topography due to volcano tectonic movements.     

Middle Devonian salt-bearing deposits of the Pripyat basin

This first correlation of the data on the Middle Devonian salt-bearing deposits of the Pripyat basin considers the spatial location of the rock-salt stratum, its composition, and the nature of the insoluble components, fii paleogeographlc respects, salt deposition on the East European Platform coincided with the beginning of the Hercynian orogenic cycle. This process took place in two subbasins: the Pripyat and the Moscow. The Pyarnu-Narova “microcycle” is r e garded as a rudimentary phase of rift formation In the Pripyat basin—Authors.     

灵山断褶带地质构造基本特征及其大地构造性质的探讨

灵山断褶带地处桂东南灵山、钦州和东兴等县,东北和西南两侧分别受六万大山和十万大山所夹峙,北端截于浦北县寨圩北西向断裂,南段延出国境以外,在我国长约240公里,宽约30公里。断褶带北东-南西向,主要由古生代、中生代和新生代地层以及酸性岩浆岩构成,断裂与褶皱发育,具明显的多期性和继承性。     

北疆阿巴宫-库尔提断裂带显微组构的运动学和动力学分析

研究了阿尔泰地区NW走向高角度冲断构造中主干的阿巴宫—库尔提断裂带。详细研究了断裂构造岩的变形构造和组构及其所显示的运动学和动力学特征。结果表明:存在早、晚更替且性质不同的变形显微构造。早期以糜棱岩中的韧性变形构造为主,发育有递进变形的不对称构造(压力影、旋转变斑晶、S—C构造等),是断裂中剪切变形运动指向的主要判据。晚期为脆性破裂构造,与早期变形组构具继承、叠加关系。研究了石英光轴的组构形式,证实存在:早期共轴纯剪变形的小圆环带组构和非共轴简单剪切变形中,呈递变关系的点极密—大圆环带—交叉大圆环带组构型式。对变形构造和组构所作的运动学和动力学分析结果表明:阿—库断裂带的形成和变形历史为:①地壳早期NE挤压收缩环境,形成劈理化带;②在持续NE向挤压作用下,大规模剪切、逆冲叠置,和地壳加厚,产生重熔岩浆和流体再分配效应,促使糜棱岩带形成和发展;③晚期地壳NE向挤压下,以垂直差异抬升和大量碎裂岩化高角度逆冲断裂的继承、叠加为特征。在区域大地构造的关系上:①、②对应于地槽褶皱、封闭的地槽体制(海西期),③对应于地洼体制(后海西期)。     

Paleodynamics of the southern margin of the East European craton

The tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the southern European part of Russia from the Donets Basin (Donbas) and the northern Caspian region in the north to the Mountainous Crimea and the Greater Caucasus in the south is considered. This territory embraces the southern margin of the East-European craton and the northern periphery of the Tethys Ocean, which originated in the Neoproterozoic, as well as its marginal seas till the formation of the modern Azov-Black Sea and Caspian basins.     

Holocene deposits in the Mangyshlak Peninsula,North Caspian Sea region

Comprehensive analysis of the data of high-precision seismoacoustic profiling, drilling and sampling of deposits using seabed corers, biostratigraphic studies, and radiocarbon age data was performed for the first time for Mangyshlak sediments in several bottom sites of the North Caspian. It was found that the Mangyshlak sediments comprise numerous linearly stretched depressions of 5–10 m in depth (morphologically similar to modern substeppe ilmen areas in the Volga River delta), which are covered by the Novocaspian sedimentary cover, and river incisions (among them the largest Volga River valley). In addition, the Mangyshlak sediments comprise the deltaic alluvial fans of different sizes along the shelf zone of the North Caspian. Analysis of mollusks and biogenic remains indicates that accumulation of the Mangyshlak sediments occurred in freshwater and slightly salty water environments under various hydrodynamic and hydrochemical conditions. According to radiocarbon dating of organic matter, the Mangyshlak sediments formed during sea regression in the range of 10-8 ka (isotopic age) or 11.5-8.5 ka (calendar age). Several types of sediments are distinguished: clayey-carbonate sediments, enriched with organic matter up to the formation of sapropel and peat, accumulated at the lowest sea level; weakly calcareous silty-clayey silts, formed during the subsequent intense filling of paleodepressions with terrigenous material. The features of the mineral composition of sediments are as follows: polymineral composition of clayey material with a high proportion of hydromica and disordered mixed-layered formations, a high content of minerals of the epidote group, amphiboles, and other accessory minerals. All of this indicates a genetic relationship between the Mangyshlak sediments and the Volga terrigenous material.     

On the problem of the horizontal heterogeneity of the earth's crust and uppermost mantle in southern Eurasia

An analysis of the geological structure and history of development of the Himalayas points to the conclusion that prior to the Neogene most of that territory was part of the epi-Proterozoic Indian Platform; it was reworked only in the epoch of Neogene-Quaternary activation of tectonic movements. It was precisely during this period that the mountain ridge of the Himalayas formed. Only the narrow northern zone — the Himalayas of Tibet — which is composed of marine deposits of all systems of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic groups possibly did not develop on the platform with the Precambrian basement. Most likely, it is a near-fault folded zone that arose on the site of a near-fault trough, which already in the Cambrian Period had formed along the northern boundary of the Indian Platform.     

Laws of formation and criteria for predicting nickel content in weathering crusts of east Kazakhstan

The article considers from the theoretical point of new global tectonics the geological conditions of formation, peculiar features of material composition, and criteria for predicting deposits of nickeliferous weathering crusts of east Kazakhstan. According to geotectonic zoning, this territory includes geological structures of the Big Altai (BA), which is part of the central Asian mobile belt. The ore-controlling role is assigned to the area of global interaction of the Kazakhstan and Siberian paleocontinents during the stage of the Hercynian collision (Ñ₁-Ñ₃) followed by the formation of the Zaisan suture zone, the structure of which is represented by the Charsky-Gornostaevsky ophiolite belt (suture stitch). During the Hercynian cycle of tectogenesis, main gold fields of the regions appeared in the Zaisan suture (gold-quartz, gold-sulphide, gold-listvenite, etc.) in a collision situation, controlled by a system of deep faults of the crust and mantle type. In similar tectonic environment, large stockwork gold deposits were formed in Rudny Altai, north Kazakhstan, and other regions. During the Cimmerian cycle, the residual weathering crust deposits of Au, Ti-Zr, Ni-Co were formed in the region of continental rifting. The article emphasizes the spatial association of silicate cobalt-nickel deposits to the outputs of serpentinized ultrabasites of the Charsky-Gornostaevsky belt and provides a characteristic of the geological structure and material composition of nickel content in ores of the Belogorskoye and Gornostaevskoye standard deposits. Expansion of prospects depends on the possibility of growth of reserves of cobalt and nickel ores on the flanks and deep horizons of the known ore fields and search for buried deposits in prospective areas determined by geological and geophysical studies.     

Some Deep-Seated Features Of Platform Provinces Of The Soviet Union

Geophysical and deep-drilling data disclose the block nature of the faulting in both folded and platform provinces of the crust. System and morphology of deep-seated structures embraces two types of major elements: large angular crustal blocks bordered by intense crush zones on one or more sides,and narrow elongated graben rifts. On platforms, the sedimentary cover conceals the true identity of the deep-seated structures which reveal themselves as gentle flexures but seldom by thickening or thinning of the beds as a whole. Deep rifts of the Russian platforms (Russian, Scythian-Turanian, West Siberian, and East Siberian) are interpreted as parts of a planetary system of rifts. Associated with these major features are sub-systems of more localized faults and fold belts. The deep Russian rifts and structures of the platforms are analyzed by depth to basement measurements which collectively show the enormous amount of absolute crustal subsidence even on relatively elevated platforms. Combinations of platform and geosynclinal tectonic provinces are discussed with some interesting variations on the general pattern of geosynclinal evolution. - -B. N. Cooper.     

Geometric and Dynamical Characteristics of Sequences in Yitong Graben

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哈萨克斯坦共和国油气地质资源分析

哈萨克斯坦共和国地处中亚并与我国接壤,石油天然气资源潜力巨大,陆上油、气可采储量分别为21亿吨和16000亿立方米,而海上油气资源更加丰富,目前已发现油气田200余个,包括油田、油气田、凝析气田和气田等多种油气组合,集中分布在哈萨克斯坦国西部各含油气省.该国含油气面积约为170万平方公里,滨里海、中里海-曼格什拉克和乌斯丘尔特沉积盆地具有十分丰富的油气资源,楚河-萨雷苏伊盆地和锡尔河盆地也有油气发现.     

Palaeoshorelines as Indic ator of Late Cenozoic Climo-Tectonic Changes in Ladakh Trans Himalaya: an Illustration From Tso Kar Lake

PALAEOSHORELINES AS INDICATOR OF LATE CENOZOIC CLIMO-TECTONIC CHANGES IN LADAKH TRANS HIMALAYA:AN ILLUSTRATION FROM TSO KAR LAKE1　BhattacharyyaA .Vegetationandclimateduringthelast 30 0 0 0 yearsinLadakh [J] .Palaeogeogr,Palaeoclimatol,Palaeoecol,1989,73:2 5～ 38. 2　CerlingTE .LateCenozoicvegetationchange,atmosphericCO2 andtectonics[A] .Ruddiman ,W .F .,ed .Tectonicupliftandclimatechange[M] .NewYork:PlenumPress,1998.313～ 2 2 7. …     

Metal deposits in the Da Hinggan Mountains,NE China: styles,characteristics, and exploration potential

The Da Hinggan Mountains mineral province (DHMP), northeastern China, is divided into three tectonic units and corresponding metallogenic belts. The tectonic units of the Da Hinggan Mountains are the Erguna fold zone on the northwest, the Hercynian fold zone on the north, and the Hercynian fold zone on the south. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Erguna Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo-Au belt of the NW DHMP, the Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-Fe-Au belt of the northern DHMP, and the Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn-Fe-Mo belt of the southern DHMP. Distinct ore bodies, mostly associated with Mesozoic granites and volcanics, comprise (1) hydrothermal vein deposits including Pb-Zn-Ag-(Cu) and W‐Sn-Cu, (2) exhalative (Pb-Zn-Ag, Cu) deposits, (3) porphyry (Cu, Au, Mo), (4) skarn (Fe, Zn, Cu), and (5) epithermal Au-Ag deposits. The hydrothermal veins are hosted by a range of different rock types, whereas the exhalative ores are confined to Permian strata. The porphyry deposits occur within granite porphyries. The epithermal deposits are related to Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and occur within superjacent igneous structures. The first type, represented by the Bairendaba deposit, shows many characteristics of hydrothermal deposits. The second type occurs in a Permian clastic-chemical sedimentary sequence. Most Fe-Zn-Cu deposits related to granites and granodiorites are skarns. Granodiorite and granite-related deposits are typical porphyry ores, formed during Hercynian and Mesozoic time. Promising metallogenic conditions and the recent discovery of many large metal deposits indicate that this mineral province has a great exploration potential.