贺兰山——阿拉善地区下、中前寒武系的划分对比及其变质、成矿作用特征

据近期成果,贺兰山—阿拉善地区出露的巨厚变质杂岩可划分为中太古界贺兰山群和叠布斯格群(其全岩Rb—Sr等时年龄为3108.3和3218.8Ma),上太古界阿拉善群和下元古界的赵池沟群、阿拉坦敖包群;它们具不同的变质矿物共生组合,太古界变质岩属低压高温变质的麻粒岩相;下元古界为低—低中压区域动力(热流)变质的绿片岩相岩石。太古界有较强的混合岩化、花岗岩化作用,并蕴藏有铁、石墨、矽线石、刚玉等多种矿产。     

Historical-Genetic Analysis of the Formation of High-Grade Iron Ores and Related Bauxites in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (Russia)

Lithology and Mineral Resources - High-grade iron ores and bauxites of the Kursk magnetic anomaly (KMA) were formed in weathering crusts on the Early Precambrian ferruginous quartzites and shales,...     

山西袁家村矿区前寒武纪铁矿的形成条件

山西省吕梁山地区早元古宙袁家村铁矿以变质程度浅、地层剖面完整和地质构造简单为特征。厚约1200m 的袁家村组含铁岩系可以分成三个段,它们分别代表了三个沉积-成矿旋回。其中每一个旋回都是以粗碎屑岩开始,经过粉砂岩和泥质岩逐渐过渡为较纯的胶体化学沉积物即硅质岩。矿区出现的铁矿物相沿剖面自下而上依次为黄铁矿、菱铁矿、铁硅酸盐(包括铁绿泥石、铁滑石和黑硬绿泥石)、磁铁矿和赤铁矿。这些铁矿物相是沉积阶段、成岩阶段至初级变质阶段的产物。它们在地层剖面上的空间分布,反映各旋回铁矿物相的形成环境,在时间上自早至晚,空间上自下而上,其氧逸度逐渐增高。控制铁矿物相类型和其中铁价态形式的主要因素,是沉积时泥砂质碎屑组分和铁硅质胶体化学组分的性质和相对比例,以及其中有机质的存在与否及其多寡。     

The mineralogy,sulfur-isotope composition and origin of some copper deposits in the Belt Supergroup,Southwest Alberta,Canada

Stratabound Cu mineralization in the Precambrian, red-bed sequences of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup of SW Alberta, Canada is described. Local enrichment of mineralization has been effected by younger Precambrian dioritic intrusions and by hydrothermal activity adjacent to normal faults. Data from mineralogic and sulfur isotope studies suggest that the base metal deposits were originally syngenetic or diagenetic and that they have suffered redistribution and concentration during contact metamorphism and perhaps low grade regional metamorphism. The primary metal-bearing fluids may have been derived by exhalative activity associated with a Precambrian aulacogenic structure which possibly underlies the region.     

Neoproterozoic banded iron formations

Two epochs of the formation of ferruginous quartzites—Archean-Paleoproterozoic (3.2–1.8 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.85–0.7 Ga)—are distinguished in the Precambrian. They are incommensurable in scale: the Paleoproterozoic Kursk Group of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) extends over 1500 km, whereas the extension of Neoproterozoic banded iron formations (BIF) beds does not exceed a few tens of kilometers. Their thickness is up to 200 m and not more than 10 m, respectively. The oldest BIFs are located in old platforms, whereas Neoproterozoic BIFs are mainly confined to Phanerozoic orogenic (mobile) zones. Neoproterozoic BIFs universally associate with glacial deposits and their beds include glacial dropstones. In places, they underlie tillites of the Laplandian (Marinoan) glaciation (635 Ma), but they are more often sandwiched between glaciogenic sequences of the Laplandian and preceding Sturtian or Rapitan glaciation (730–750 Ma). Neoproterozoic BIFs are rather diverse in terms of lithology due to variation in the grade of metamorphism from place to place from low grades of the greenschist facies up to the granulite facies. Correspondingly, the ore component is mainly represented by hematite or magnetite. The REE distribution and (Co + Ni + Cu) index suggest an influence of hydrothermal sources of Fe, although it was subordinate to the continental washout. Iron was accumulated in seawater during glaciations, whereas iron mineralization took place at the earliest stages of postglacial transgressions.     

条带状铁建造(BIFs)研究的几个问题

前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIFs)中拥有全球最重要的铁矿资源,BIFs中以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系还含有丰富的金、铜、锌、钴、铂族等有用元素。本论文主要针对BIFs形成过程中与成矿有关的几个关键问题进行评述和探讨,包括BIFs的成矿系列,地幔柱与BIFs的关系,微生物在BIFs形成中的作用等。认为BIFs内部以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系均构成贱、贵金属成矿系列;地幔柱与BIFs之间存在密切的时、空和成因联系;在早前寒武纪缺氧的环境下,厌氧的细菌类生物通过光合作用为BIFs中铁质沉淀提供了氧。希望该研究对包括BIFs的成矿作用在内的前寒武纪地质研究以及拓展找矿思路有所启示。     

晋北硅铁建造型铁矿床铁矿石相、沉积环境判别及铁矿找矿方向的研究

硅铁建造型铁矿床是太古代——早元古代火山作用、构造作用,沉积作用、变质作用的结果。硅铁建造型铁矿石担的研究对确定铁矿床成因类型、判别沉积环境、评价利用铁矿石都有着现实意义。詹姆斯(James H·L)金伯利(Kimberley M·M)古德温(Goodwin A·M)格罗斯(Gross G·A)等从铁矿物组合、岩石组合上划分了铁矿石相类型,提出形成铁矿石相的沉积环境,但并未对铁矿石相划分、相环境判别建立定量数值指标和相环     

试论前寒武纪变质岩古地磁研究的可行性：以闽北地区的研究为例

本文从变质作用与岩石矿物获得剩磁的关系和剩磁获得时间与同位素记年的相关性，岩石的形变对磁化方向的影响等方面讨论了前寒武纪变质岩古地磁研究的可行性；并列举部分国外前寒武纪早期岩石的例证；同时重点以闽北地区前寒武纪变质岩的古地磁结果为例，讨论了获得磁性可信性及其在地质构造方面的意义。     

The chronological analysis of crystallization and deformation of some Tasmanian Precambrian rocks

The analysis of the time‐relations between different minerals, between a mineral and some aspect of deformation, and between different aspects of deformation, enables the complex history of some regionally metamorphosed rocks to be recognized. Two separate periods of deformation occurred during the regional metamorphism of Precambrian schists, phyllites, quartzites and amphibolites from Frenchman's Cap, the Mersey‐Forth area and Port Davey, Tasmania.     

燃煤固体产物的矿物组成研究

利用X射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱与扫描电子显微镜等方法研究中国典型燃煤煤种的燃烧产物的矿物学特征，揭示出不同化学成分以及不同类型产物中矿物组成的差异性。根据化学成分，可将燃煤固体产物分为硅铝质、铁质和钙质三组，硅铝质产物结晶相主要为莫来石和石英，而结渣中基本为莫来石；铁质产物中主要矿物包括α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3与Fe3O4，其含量随锅炉燃烧湿度的变化而变化；钙质产物中矿物种类复杂，飞灰石检出石灰、石膏和石英，沾污中检出石膏、赤铁矿和石类，而结渣中还发现钙的硅酸盐矿物。上述矿物分布特征是由不同成分的硅酸盐熔体在不同热力学条件下的结晶行为所决定的。     

Petrography and origin of granulite‐facies rocks in the Western Musgrave Block,Central Australia

The granulite‐facies rocks in the Tomkinson Ranges of central Australia are dominated by layered felsic (quartzofeldspathic) gneisses with minor interbanded mafic, calcareous, ferruginous, and quartzitic granulites. They are regarded as representing a middle Proterozoic metasedimentary and/or metavolcanic sequence which has undergone anhydrous granulite‐facies metamorphism approximately 1200 m.y. ago. Conditions of metamorphism have been derived from a petrogenetic grid based on several experimentally determined reactions and give estimates of 10–11 kb pressure and 950–1000°C. Such metamorphism could take place close to the base of the crust with a moderate geothermal gradient of 25–30°C/km.     

Primary and secondary structures in the polymetallic ores of Rajpura-Dariba,Rajasthan, India

The Precambrian Rajpura-Dariba polymetallic deposits of Rajasthan, associated with black schists, quartzite and calcsilicate rocks, exhibit several primary structures, suggesting a syn-sedimentary origin. The secondary features of the sulphides are attributed to the effects of metamorphism.     

中国前寒武纪金矿的成矿找矿模式

中国前寒武纪含金岩系密切相关的金矿储量占全国岩金储量的73.85%,它几乎囊括了全国的金产量.已发现的金矿资源基地,基本上沿三条近东西向的槽台边缘构造带成带分布,由于受中生代环太平洋板块的作用影响,产生了一系列北东—北北东向的超壳型深大断裂,使中国前寒武纪金矿产生了极其明显的活化、改造和重就位作用.因此,中国东部金矿具有沿北东向深大断裂成串分布的规律.从10个方面讨论了中国前寒武纪金矿的成矿特点和找矿途径,建立了“三个系统”相统一的成矿找矿模式.     

General geology and petrology of some Precambrian crystalline rocks from the Vijayan Complex of Sri Lanka

Detailed field studies of the Precambrian Vijayan Complex terrain, Sri Lanka, reveal the occurrence of granites, gneisses and migmatites in association with calc-silicate gneisses, quartzites and dolerites. Microcline-rich granites and gneisses show both sharp and gradational contacts with the adjacent migmatites. Petrological observations favor a magmatic origin for the granites and gneisses. These bodies seem to have intruded into pre-existing metasedimentary rocks which were subsequently subjected to retrograde metamorphism under amphibolite facies conditions.     

冀东陆壳热结构─—由岩石学模型推导

本文根据变质岩矿物对的平衡热力学研究结果，提出冀东地区早前寒武纪陆壳平均地温分布曲线，并讨论现代陆亮地温曲线的两种可能形态．早前寒武纪在相当于中、下地壳的部分，地温的平均梯度约为７．３℃／ｋｍ，它预示了对流热传输占有重要地位（约占６５％）．基于传导热传输的假设，现代地温分布是一条平滑的曲线，而基于中地壳是一个含水的低速层以及对流热传输的假设，现代地温分布则可能是一条折线．退变质作用引起的放热与扩容可能是诱发地震的能量来源之一．     

观音岩水电站坝址区右岸岩体溶蚀发育机理研究

观音岩水电站位于金沙江上游,坝型初拟混凝土重力坝和心墙堆石坝组合坝.坝址区分布有侏罗系中蛇店组(J2s)地层,岩性主要为钙质铁质胶结的砾岩、石英砂岩,其中砾石成分以泥晶灰岩和生物灰岩为主.在地下水作用下砾岩钙质溶蚀形成规模较大的囊状空腔或孔洞,砂岩则表现为钙质胶结物流失溶蚀呈砂土状或砂糖状,对坝基稳定性造成了一定的影响...     

A model for phlogopite development in low magnesium rocks

Phlogopites containing anomalously high values of Zn, Mn and Li have been identified in low-magnesium feldspathic schists and quartzites from the Precambrian of northern New Mexico. The phlogopite is volumetrically minor (<2%) and coexists with muscovite. The presence of hematite and piemontite in the phlogopite-bearing samples indicates high oxidizing conditions, but their presence in phlogopite-free mica schists nearby demonstrates that high fo₂ is insufficient to account for the phlogopite occurrences. A model for phlogopite development is presented which is based upon (1) high fo₂ conditions, (2) limited H⁺ during metamorphism, and (3) early mobilization of Mg (and Zn, Mn, Li) during incipient metamorphism. The absence of phlogopite in associated rocks which refect high fo₂ conditions is due to the larger amount of H⁺ available during metamorphism, resulting in the development of abundant muscovite rather than rare phlogopite.     

秦岭泥盆系热水沉积岩中主要矿物的标型特征

秦岭泥盆系中广泛发育一套与成套有关的热水沉积岩，其主要矿物成分为钠长石、石英、含铁白云石、电气石及重晶石等。本文主要是通过不同方法来研究各种矿物的标型特征，这些特征均反映了矿物及其所赋存的岩石和矿床是由热水沉积作用形成的，并为进一步研究热水沉积岩和热水成矿作用提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

琼西戈枕剪切带中成矿流体演化与金成矿

以海南省西部戈枕剪切带控制的土外山、抱板、二甲、不磨等金矿床为例，通过对这些典型金矿床中的石英和方解石所含流体包裹体的镜下观察，均一温度、盐度和成分以及氢、氧同位素的测试，结合成矿地质、构造背景的研究，探讨了含金剪切带中流体的演化特征和流体在金成矿过程中的重要作用。研究结果表明：成矿流体具有混合热液的特点，δ１８Ｏ和δＤ值分别为－１０．４‰～４．７‰和－５０‰～－８７‰；热液成分为Ｎａ＋（Ｋ＋）－Ｃａ２＋－Ｃｌ－（Ｆ－）型；金的成矿温度主要为２４０～２５０℃：成矿流体的盐度ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）为２．０％～９．２％；成矿压力为２７～５０ＭＰａ；成矿流体的性质和成分受到构造演化和构造不同部位特点的控制，在时间上和空间上都有一定的变化，导致了含金剪切带中金成矿作用的发生和不同类型金矿床的形成。     

鲁西地区太古宙绿岩带硫铁矿床地质特征及成矿机制

鲁西地区新太古代雁翎关组由科马提岩、角闪质岩石、变粒岩和含铁石英岩等组成 ,其原岩为一套超镁铁质镁铁质火山熔岩及火山碎屑沉积的表壳岩建造 ,经历了三期区域变质作用 ,变质程度达低角闪岩相 ,是华北地台上一个典型的绿岩带。鲁西花岗岩绿岩带中分布有大小黄铁矿脉数十条之多 ,呈层状、透镜状或脉状沿片麻理方向展布 ,硫品位 3 .79%～ 3 1.6% ,伴生有用组分Fe、Ni、Ag等。通过对绿岩、矿体和矿石特征、S、Fe分布及变质成矿作用等方面的研究 ,证实绿岩中含有丰富的S、Fe、Ni等造矿元素 ,认为绿岩既是赋矿岩石亦是矿源层 ,矿床属变质热液叠加的变质火山沉积型硫铁矿床。