Fossiliferous Cambrian limestone from within the mt read volcanics,mt lyell mine area,Tasmania

In the Mt Lyell area limestone conformably underlying unmineralized Mt Read Volcanics and unconformably overlying mineralized Mt Read Volcanics contains fossils of late Middle Cambrian or early Upper Cambrian age. This suggests an upper limit of late Middle Cambrian or early Upper Cambrian for the mineralization in the Mt Lyell area. The view of Gee et al. (1970) that the Mt Read Volcanics and the fossiliferous Cambrian sequences of western Tasmania are at least partly contemporaneous is confirmed.     

塔里木盆地南部玛东早古生代褶皱-冲断带

玛东褶皱-冲断带位于塔里木盆地南部,走向NE-SW,由NW向SE方向冲断。褶皱冲断带发育于寒武-奥陶系,以中寒武统膏-盐层为主滑脱面。中志留统及其以上地层不整合于褶皱冲断带之上。它是世界上保存最好的早古生代褶皱冲断带之一。根据卷入变形最新地层、不整合于褶皱-冲断带之上的最老地层和上奥陶统上部的生长地层,玛东褶皱-冲断带的变形时间为晚奥陶世-早志留世。玛东褶皱-冲断带与其东南侧的塘南褶皱-冲断带同为塔里木盆地南缘早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带的组成部分,塘南褶皱-冲断带是该早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带主体的残余,其向NW的主冲断方向代表该前陆褶皱-冲断带的主冲断方向;玛东褶皱-冲断带是该早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带的前锋,其向SE的冲断具有反冲性质。它们是昆仑早古生代造山作用的重要记录,也是昆仑早古生代碰撞造山带的组成部分,现今保存最好的部分。     

Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Tarim area

The Tarim area in this paper refers to the present Tarim Basin and its surrounding mountains, bounded on the north by the Middle Tianshan Mountains, on the south by the Kunlun Mountains, on the west by the national boundary of China, and on the east by the Altun Mountains. It covers an area of more than 1 000 000 km². Based on the quantitative and qualitative data from the stratigraphy and petrology of outcrop and well sections, and according to the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method, the single factor maps of the Lower, Middle and Upper Cambrian, and the lithofacies palaeogeography maps of the Early, Middle and Late Cambrian of the Tarim area, are compiled. The most important character of these lithofacies palaeogeography maps is quantification, i.e. the determination of each palaeogeography unit based on accurate quantitative data and the quantitative single factor maps. The study marks the first time that this quantitative method has been applied in the Tarim area. In the Early Cambrian, the present Tarim Basin was mainly a carbonate platform, in which there were penebank, dolostone flats, and gypsum-halite lake. The South Tianshan Basin and East Tarim Basin were siliceous rock-limestone-mudstone basins. The Kunlun Platform was situated in the south, where there were two small lands. The Altun Land was situated in the southeast. In the Middle and Late Cambrian, the framework of lithofacies palaeogeography was similar to that in the Early Cambrian; the land area was gradually reduced; the basin area was enlarged; while the Tarim Carbonate Platform changed little. The transgression continued from the Early Cambrian to the Late Cambrian. Translated from Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(4): 427–439 [译自: 古地理学报]     

加里东运动构造古地理及滇黔桂盆地的形成--兼论滇黔桂盆地深层油气勘探潜力

中国南方的滇黔桂地区,早古生代与晚古生代之交曾经发生过较为强烈的加里东运动,包括三个幕:寒武纪末期的郁南运动,中、奥陶世末期的都匀运动以及志留纪末期的广西运动;奥陶系与志留系的残留不全和晚奥陶世至志留纪大片古陆———滇黔桂古陆的展布是加里东运动的重要体现。志留纪末期的广西运动之后,在大致相当于早古生代“滇黔桂古陆”分布的地区形成一个特殊的“滇黔桂盆地”,而且在滇黔桂盆地的主体部位常常是泥盆系直接覆盖在寒武系之上。寒武系,特别是下寒武统,由于寒武纪初期的快速海侵作用而在研究区域普遍发育烃源岩系;研究区域的泥盆系,特别是中泥盆统,在台间盆地中发育优质烃源岩。因此,巨大的构造古地理演变和海陆变迁,形成了一个晚古生代的泥盆系优质烃源岩与早古生代的下寒武统优质烃源岩的空间叠合区域,该叠合区域的加里东运动不整合面上、下的储集体即成为该地区的深层油气勘探对象,预示着滇黔桂盆地的深层存在较大的油气勘探潜力。     

Distinguishing eustatic and epeirogenic controls on Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary successions in West Gondwana (Morocco and Iberia)

Major eustatic fall has been invoked to explain Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary sandstones and faunal replacements on a number of Cambrian palaeocontinents. This proposal has been tested on the Moroccan and Spanish margins of West Gondwana and found to be inadequate to explain stratigraphical developments. In these regions, sandstone intervals long presumed to be regressive and late Early Cambrian in age are now shown to be early Middle Cambrian, and composed of a lower regressive and an overlying transgressive sandstone separated by a regional unconformity. Only the lower tidalites (i.e. Tazlaft Formation in Morocco and lower Daroca sandstones in Spain) record the Hawke Bay eustatic regression in West Gondwana. The Tazlaft is overlain by a newly recognized, unconformably overlying sandstone (Talelt Formation) that onlapped southern Morocco with reactivation of a pull‐apart or transcurrent regime. Up to 150 m of erosion on uplifted blocks in the High Atlas range and foundering of the Souss Basin to the south preceded onlap and deposition of the volcanic‐rich Tatelt, the correlative and depositional analogue of the upper Daroca and lower Valdemides Formations in northern Spain. With folding and erosion, a type 1 depositional sequence boundary also caps the Tatelt at its contact with an overlying, lower Middle Cambrian mudstone‐dominated succession. This unconformity probably occurs in Spain within the Valdemiedes Formation and corresponds to a faunal discontinuity called the ‘Valdemiedes geoevent’. The Iberian ‘Daroca regression’ and Moroccan ‘Asrir regression’ are misnomers, as the sandstones on which they are based are composite units with a lower regressive interval that records eustatic fall and an upper transgressive unit that records epeirogenically driven onlap.     

Evolution of geochemistry and depositional settings of Early Palaeozoic siliciclastics of the Barrandian (Teplá-Barrandian Unit,Bohemian Massif,Czech Republic)

Cambrian and Ordovician-Middle Devonian sequences of two successive Early Palaeozoic basins of the Barrandian unconformably overlie Cadomian basement in the Bohemian Massif NW interior (Teplá-Barrandian unit) which is the easternmost peri-Gondwanan remnant within the Variscides. Correlation of stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Early Palaeozoic siliciclastic rocks elucidated sediment provenances. Sandstones of the Middle Cambrian Píbram-Jince Basin were derived from a Cadomian Neoproterozoic island arc. The source area of the Ordovician shallow-marine siliciclastics of the successor Prague Basin is a dissected Cadomian orogen. Late Cambrian acid volcanics of the Barrandian and Cambrian (meta)granitoids emplaced in the W part of the Teplá-Barrandian Cadomian basement are also discernible in these sediments. Old sedimentary component increased during the Ordovician. Early Llandovery siliciclastic rocks show characteristics of an abruptly weakened supply of terrigenous material and an elevated proportion of synsedimentary basic volcanics as a result of Silurian transgression. Emsian siliciclastics (intercalated in the Late Silurian to Early Devonian limestone suite) presumably comprise an addition of coeval basic/ultrabasic volcaniclastics. Middle Devonian flysch-like siliciclastics indicate reappearance of Cadomian source near the Barrandian during early Variscan convergences of Armorican microplates that preceeded accretion of the Teplá-Barrandian unit within the Bohemian Massif terrane mosaic.Dr. Patoka deceased in July 2004.     

Stratigraphic significance of the Cambrian ichnofauna of the Zanskar region,Ladakh Himalaya,India

The Cambrian succession in the Zanskar Basin of Tethys Himalaya contains an abundant ichnofossils like in the other Tethyan Himalayan successions. The ichnofossils are stratigraphically important as they occur below the trilobite body fossils and are useful to define the basal part of the Cambrian. The ichnofossil assemblage reported from the Zanskar Basin of Ladakh Himalaya is significant to demarcate the Early Cambrian age due to lack of other faunal elements so far. The body fossils of trilobites recorded from the overlying beds indicates the earliest part of the Middle Cambrian age. Sixteen ichnogenera identified include: Bifungites, Cruziana, Diplichnites, Dimorphichnus, Isopodichnus, Lockeia, Merostomichnites; Monomorphichnus, Psammichnites, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Skolithos, Taphrhelminthopsis, Teichichnus, Trepitichnus and trilobite scratch marks etc. The ichnogenera reported so far from this part of the Tethyan Himalayan region belongs mostly to the traces of arthropod origin. The ichnofauna ranges in age from Lower Cambrian to late part of the Middle Cambrian. The ichnofaunal assemblage can be assigned to repichnial, cubichinial, pascichnial, to fodinichnial behaviour. The distribution of ichnofossils in the studied sections shows that the ichnofossils are predominately less in occurrence in the sections were trilobites dominates and higher in the successions the abundance of ichnofossils decreases.     

内蒙古苏左旗南部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩特征及其构造意义

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群由早元古代宝音图群(1910Ma),中、新元古代温都尔庙群(1511Ma,825Ma)和早古生代乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉蛇绿混杂岩(409Ma)组成。出露于乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉地区的乌勒图蛇绿混杂岩是由层位不全的,肢解了的蛇绿岩经构造混杂而成。其基质主要为绢云绿泥石英片岩、变质凝灰质砂岩,局部为绿泥片岩。岩块成分复杂,大小不一,形态各异,杂乱分布,主要岩石类型为白云岩、硅质岩、超基性岩、基性火山岩、灰岩。蛇绿混杂岩岩石化学分析表明,超基性岩MgO/FeO*比值在8-13,MgO/(MgO+ FeO*)比值在0.85-0.87 之间,与世界大多数变质橄榄岩相同。基性火山岩具大洋拉斑玄武岩特征,常量元素和稀土元素显示陆间洋盆性质。蛇绿混杂岩被晚泥盆世色日巴彦敖包组地层不整合覆盖,前者所含超基性岩块Sm-Nd 同位素等时线年龄为409Ma,表明其形成于中、晚志留世,于晚泥盆世前发生构造侵位。     

塔里木盆地寒武纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

寒武系是塔里木盆地当前油气增储上产的重点层系,恢复寒武纪的盆地原型是油气勘探的重要基础。利用最新的钻井、地震及露头资料,以沉积相为研究实体,将盆地充填与周缘构造演化相结合,由点→线→面进行分析,恢复了塔里木盆地寒武纪不同时期的构造-沉积环境,并建立了相应的盆地充填演化模式。塔里木盆地寒武纪经历了一次完整的海侵-海退旋回,包括早寒武世早期快速海侵→中寒武世海退、晚寒武世缓慢海侵→寒武纪末海退两个次级旋回,分别对应沉积演化的2个阶段：塔西克拉通内坳陷早寒武世的碎屑滨岸-陆棚相→局限台地相→中寒武世的蒸发台地相,晚寒武世的局限台地相→寒武纪末期的台地暴露不整合;塔东克拉通边缘坳陷为深水盆地相,经历了硅质泥岩→泥岩与灰岩薄互层→碳酸盐岩的岩相演化。寒武纪塔里木原型盆地特征及演化主要受控于Rodinia超大陆的裂解,其构造-沉积格局经历了由震旦纪末的南北分异格局向中-晚寒武世的东西分异格局的演变。     

Mineralogical and geochemical studies of boron-rich bauxite ore deposits in the Songqi region,SW Henan,China

The Songqi region, SW Henan, is an important bauxite province in China. The bauxite ore deposits occur unconformably on the top of Middle Ordovician argillaceous carbonates. The bauxite ores from the Songqi region are characterized by unusually high boron contents. In this paper, we report the mineralogical and chemical compositions of selected bauxite ores from the region. These new data, together with existing geochemical data of soils in the region, are used to evaluate the origin of boron enrichment in the bauxite ores. The compositional characteristics of tourmaline in the bauxite ores suggests that this mineral was likely derived from a meta-sedimentary protolith. Mass balance calculation reveals that tourmaline only accounts for a small portion of boron in the bauxite ores; the majority of boron in the ores must occur in other forms, possibly by ion absorption on the surfaces of diaspore and clay minerals. In the Songqi region, the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks are known to contain abundant tourmalines whereas the Cambrian–Ordovician argillaceous carbonates and the Upper Proterozoic shales are all enriched in boron in free ion state. We suggest that these rocks provided tourmaline and boron ion to the bauxite deposits in the region. Most known bauxite deposits in the Songqi region occur at the margins of boron-rich soil domains, suggesting that boron in soils is a potential exploration indicator for unknown bauxite deposits in this region.     

中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理

中国南方是指西至金沙江-元江断裂、西北至龙门山断裂、北至城口-房县-襄樊-广济断裂、东北至郯庐断裂、东至黄海和东海、南至南海的我国南方广大地区。在各露头剖面和钻井剖面地层学和岩石学研究所取得的各种定量及定性资料的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作用法,编制出了中国南方下寒武统下部和中部、下寒武统上部、中寒武统和上寒武统的各种单因素图以及相应的早寒武世早期和中期、早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理图。这些古地理图的最主要特征是定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量的单因素图为依据。这种定量的岩相古地理图在中国南方寒武纪还是首次出现。中国南方寒武纪有7个主要的古地理单元,即滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡、江南盆地、东南台地和华夏陆。滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡和江南盆地属康滇古地理体系,东南台地和华夏陆属华夏古地理体系。这两个古地理体系拼合在一起,就构成了中国南方寒武纪的两陆、三台、一盆和一坡和古地理的基本格局。是寒武世早期和中期的岩相古地理特征与早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理特征有明显的不同。这是两个大不相同的演化阶段。这种定量的岩相古地理图在古地理学中是个重大的进展,对石油、天然气以及其他各种矿产的预测和勘探有重要的指导作用。     

上扬子区下古生界层序地层格架的初步研究

上扬子区下古生界在贵州及其邻区发育较为完整。在震旦纪与寒武纪之交的台地淹没事件之后,寒武系形成一个从深水盆地相黑色页岩系到大套台地碳酸盐的沉积序列,其中下寒武统包含5个三级层序而可以进一步归为一个二级层序,中上寒武统构成一个二级层序而且可以进一步划分为7个三级层序。奥陶纪艾家山世末期的都匀运动、奥陶纪末期的与冈瓦纳大陆冰期相响应的全球海平面下降事件以及志留纪末期广西运动的共同作用,造成扬子地台大幅度的古地理变迁以及残留不全的奥陶系和志留系。详尽追踪和对比的结果可以将奥陶系划分为8个三级层序且可以进一步归为一个二级层序,在残留不全的的志留系中可以划分出7个三级层序并可以进一步归为一个二级层序。层序地层格架的建立,可以大致解读许多有趣的地质现象,如寒武纪碳酸盐台地的生长过程,奥陶纪与志留纪之交的“浅海静水”型黑色页岩系的发育特点,志留纪由北而南的海侵所造成的复杂的志留系展布特征等等;同时也意味着许多有待于进一步研究的问题,早寒武世数次快速海侵事件与生物事件的关系,奥陶系顶部特殊的“观音桥灰岩”的成因,奥陶系红花园组海绵生物礁的基本沉积模式等等。     

Tectonics and geodynamics of Gorny Altai and adjacent structures of the Altai–Sayan folded area

Packages of Late Paleozoic tectonic nappes and associated major NE-trending strike-slip faults are widely developed in the Altai–Sayan folded area. Fragments of early deformational phases are preserved within the Late Paleozoic allochthons and autochthons. Caledonian fold-nappe and strike-slip structures, as well as accompanying metamorphism and granitization in the region, are typical of the EW-trending suture-shear zone separating the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent and Siberia. In the Gorny Altai region, the Late Paleozoic nappes envelop the autochthon, which contains a fragment of the Vendian–Cambrian Kuznetsk–Altai island arc with accretionary wedges of the Biya–Katun’ and Kurai zones. The fold-nappe deformations within the latter zones occurred during the Late Cambrian (Salairian) and can thus be considered Salairian orogenic phases. The Salairian fold-nappe structure is stratigraphically overlain by a thick (up to 15 km) well-stratified rock unit of the Anyui–Chuya zone, which is composed of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician fore-arc basin rocks unconformably overlain by Ordovician–Early Devonian carbonate-terrigenous passive-margin sequences. These rocks are crosscut by intrusions and overlain by a volcanosedimentary unit of the Devonian active margin. The top of the section is marked by Famennian–Visean molasse deposits onlapping onto Devonian rocks. The molasse deposits accumulated above a major unconformity reflects a major Late Paleozoic phase of folding, which is most pronounced in deformations at the edges of the autochthon, nearby the Kaim, Charysh–Terekta, and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones. Upper Carboniferous coal-bearing molasse deposits are preserved as tectonic wedges within the Charysh–Terekta and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones.Detrital zircon ages from Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician rocks of the Anyui–Chuya fore-arc zone indicate that they were primarily derived from Upper Neoproterozoic–Cambrian igneous rocks of the Kuznetsk–Altai island arc or, to a lesser extent, from an Ordovician–Early Devonian passive margin. A minor age population is represented by Paleoproterozoic grains, which was probably sourced from the Siberian craton. Zircons from the Late Carboniferous molasse deposits have much wider age spectra, ranging from Middle Devonian–Early Carboniferous to Late Ordovician–Early Silurian, Cambrian–Early Ordovician, Mesoproterozoic, Early–Middle Proterozoic, and early Paleoproterozoic. These ages are consistent with the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent, which includes the Tuva-Mongolian island arc with accreted Gondwanan blocks, and a Caledonian suture-shear zone in the north. Our results suggest that the Altai–Sayan region is represented by a complex aggregate of units of different geodynamic affinity. On the one hand, these are continental margin rocks of western Siberia, containing only remnants of oceanic crust embedded in accretionary structures. On the other hand, they are represented by the Kazakhstan–Baikal continent composed of fragments of Gondwanan continental blocks. In the Early–Middle Paleozoic, they were separated by the Ob’–Zaisan oceanic basin, whose fragments are preserved in the Caledonian suture-shear zone. The movements during the Late Paleozoic occurred along older, reactivated structures and produced the large intracontinental Central Asian orogen, which is interpreted to be a far-field effect of the colliding East European, Siberian, and Kazakhstan–Baikal continents.     

Manganese oxide mineralogy,petrography and genesis,Pilbara Manganese Group,Western Australia

Supergene manganese oxides, occurring in shales, breccias and dolomites of Proterozoic Age, in the Western Australian Pilbara Manganese Group, have Mn/Fe ranging from 1.9 to 254 and Mn⁴⁺ to Mn (Total) of 0.49–0.94. The manganese mineralogy is dominated by tetravalent manganese oxides, especially by cryptomelane, with lesser amounts of pyrolusite, nsutite, manjiroite, romanechite and other manganese oxide minerals. The manganese minerals are commonly associated with iron oxides, chiefly goethite, indicating incomplete separation of Mn from Fe during Tertiary Age arid climate weathering of older, manganiferous formations. These manganese oxides also contain variable amounts of braunite and very minor hausmannite and bixbyite. The braunite occurs in three generations: sedimentary-diagenetic, recrystallised sedimentary-diagenetic, and supergene. The mode of origin of the hausmannite and bixbyite is uncertain but it is possible that they resulted from diagenesis and/or low-grade regional metamorphism. The supergene manganese deposits appear to have been derived from manganiferous Lower Proterozoic banded iron formations and dolomites of the Hamersley Basin and overlying Middle Proterozoic Bangemali Basin braunite-containing sediments.     

辽西叶柏寿隆起区早前寒武纪地质

通过１∶５万地质填图工作,将叶柏寿隆起区的早前寒武纪建平群变质岩系进行了解体。新的研究成果表明区内基底岩系主要由晚太古代ＴＴＧ和ＣＡ质侵入杂岩及少量表壳岩,早元古代变质火山—沉积岩组成。最老的表壳岩呈捕掳体状分布在ＴＴＧ、ＣＡ质侵入杂岩中,ＣＡ质杂岩（辘轳井二长片麻岩）侵入ＴＴＧ质杂岩（叶柏寿片麻杂岩）中。     

Uranium mineralization in the South Alligator River valley

The South Alligator uranium deposits are located in the Northern Territory, Australia, south-west from the recent discoveries of Nabarlek, Ranger, Koongarra and Jabiluka. All five deposits occur in intensely folded Early Proterozoic rocks around the perimeter of the Kombolgie Formation, a flatlying Middle Proterozoic sandstone unit. It is proposed that during reconstitution (weathering or diagenesis) of acid volcanic rocks, groundwaters leached uranium and percolated down into the groundwater system of the permeable sandstone and conglomerate unit at the base of the sequence. Uranium as uranyl ion was stable in relatively high Eh groundwater conditions and was carried in solution until active reducing conditions were met with which resulted in reduction of uranyl ion to insoluble UO₂. Reduction occurred where faulting had brought underlying carbonaceous shales up against the sandstone aquifer, or where groundwater could percolate down permeable fault zones into the carbonaceous shales. These structural, chemical traps were sites of uranium accumulation.     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

 扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

塔里木地区寒武纪岩相古地理

塔里木地区是以当今的塔里木盆地为主体并包括其周边山地的广大地区,北至中天山,南至西昆仑山,西至我国国界,东至阿尔金山,面积逾100万km2。在39个露头剖面和钻井剖面的各种单因素定量及定性资料的基础上,采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制出了塔里木地区寒武系下、中、上统的各种单因素图及相应的寒武纪早、中、晚世的岩相古地理图。这些岩相古地理图最主要的特征是定量,即每个古地理单位的划分和确定都有确切的定量资料与定量的单因素图。这种定量的岩相古地理图在塔里木地区还是首次出现。在早寒武世,塔里木地区是一个碳酸盐岩台地,其中散布着准滩、云坪和膏盐湖。其北侧和东北侧是南天山和塔东硅岩石灰岩泥岩盆地。其南侧是昆仑台地,其中有2个小陆地。其东南侧有阿尔金陆。中寒武世和晚寒武世的岩相古地理格局与早寒武世相似,但陆地面积逐渐缩小,盆地面积逐渐扩大,塔里木碳酸盐岩台地变化不大。从早寒武世到晚寒武世是一个逐渐的海进过程。     

新疆北部前寒武系划分和对比

库鲁克塔格是新疆北部前寒武系分布较广,地层层序相对完整的地区.作者以库鲁克塔格为地层模型区,以同位素第龄为格架,初步确定了本区群级地层单元的界线及归属.在岩石地层、生物地层、化学地层等各种方法相互印证的基础上,建立并完善了前寒武纪的地层层序.     

天津蓟县晚元古代冰碛岩的发现

在对华北板块中北部天津蓟县中、新元古界的研究中发现,在新元古界青白口系景儿峪组之上、早寒武世府君山组之下,发育一套角砾岩,其究竟属于晚元古代还是早寒武世,并没有确切证据。由此推测为晚元古代并将这套地层命名为“西井峪组”。通过对西井峪组角砾岩的野外实测、薄片观察,对角砾岩的沉积特征做了详细的描述,并对其成因及物源进行了分析。结果表明:西井峪组为一套厚155 m的角砾岩,并可根据角砾成分和大小的变化分为九段。这套角砾岩中角砾的成分主要为白云岩,还有少量的燧石及石灰岩;整体呈块状,无层理,无层面;角砾含量80%~90%,杂乱排列,大小混杂,分选差,磨圆差,普遍为棱角状和次棱角状,填隙物主要为白云石泥和粉砂,结构成熟度极低。角砾的母岩主要是中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组,少量来自铁岭组。这套角砾岩属于冰川成因,为典型的冰碛岩。这套冰碛岩的发现对恢复晚元古代地球气候特征具有重要意义,其出现或许与“雪球地球”有关。