The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern

The response of erosion and sediment export to past land-use change has been studied in four agricultural areas of Europe. Three of these areas were subject to land abandonment or de-intensification and one to intensification of land-use practices. Erosion and sediment yield were modeled using the WaTEM/SEDEM model, which combines the RUSLE equation with a sediment routing algorithm. Spatial relationships between the RUSLE C-factor (i.e. land-use) and other erosion and sediment export-determining factors (slope, soil erodibility and distance to rivers) were investigated, as these account for non-linearity in the response of erosion and sediment export to land-use change.Erosion and sediment export have decreased enormously in the de-intensified areas, but slightly increased in the intensively cultivated area. The spatial pattern of land-use change in relation to other erosion and sediment export-determining factors appears to have a large impact on the response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change. That the drivers of abandonment of arable land and erosion coincide indicates that de-intensification leads to a more favourable landscape pattern with respect to reduction of erosion and sediment export. This mechanism applies not only within the study areas, but also among the European study areas where the process of intensification of some areas and de-intensification of others might result in an overall decrease of erosion and sediment yield through time.     

北方农牧林交错带土地利用区的分析与评价：以科尔沁右翼前旗为例

采用聚类分析法，对北方农牧林交错带上的科尔沁右翼前旗的土地利用类型进行了分类，在此基础上，对各土地利用区的土地利用类型及结构特点进行了分析与评价，并对今后合理利用土地资源提出了意见。     

五十年代以来我国粮食生产地域格局变化趋势及原因初探

九十年代以来，我国传统的“南粮北调”格局愈益明显地被“北粮南调”格局所取代。对有关统计资料的分析表明，这一调运格局变化乃是生产地域重心由南向北逐渐推移的结果。粮食生产重心渐趋北上的原因是多方面的，其中粮食需求压力、生产知识和技术进步、经济体制变革是最基本的动力机制。     

HISTORICAL HAZARDS: THE GEOGRAPHY OF RELICT INDUSTRIAL WASTES*

Current inventories of hazardous waste sites seldom include older, unreported sites, thereby creating a serious shortcoming in attempts to assess risks posed by one type of technological hazard. Based upon a review of urban morphogenesis, hazardous material use in industry, and past waste management practices, this paper presents a model of historical hazards accumulations. Reviews of past industrial waste disposal practices in three Illinois urban settings illustrate the model's effectiveness.     

北京市土地利用空间格局演化模拟及预测

土地利用空间格局的演化模拟可定量地从空间尺度揭示区域土地利用变化的驱动因素,是厘清未来时期内土地变化的重要途径。基于CLUE-S模型,以北京市为研究案例,结合1985、2000和2010年三期土地利用数据,运用Logistic逐步回归方法识别了北京市各种土地利用类型演化的驱动因素,对北京市土地利用空间格局进行模拟。在此基础上,基于北京市社会经济发展、土地利用规划、资源禀赋及生态保护等不同情景,对北京市2020年土地利用空间分布格局进行模拟及预测。结果表明：①不同的时期内,驱动因子对不同土地利用类型的影响呈现差异性,其中交通因素及社会经济因素对土地利用类型的转化率影响较显著,坡度对各个土地利用类型的影响较大。②通过对2010年北京市土地利用变化的模拟结果来看,Kappa指数为87.03%,说明预测结果与实际土地利用情况有较好的一致性。③预测结果显示,北京市的城市发展均表现为继续向外扩展,且以东南、东北为主要扩展方向,但扩张的程度存在差异。     

肇庆市点轴发展模式优化研究

在分析肇庆区域经济现状特点的基础上,指出肇庆现状点轴系统的最大缺陷是缺乏强有力的增长中心,且点轴系统之间联系较为薄弱.因此,肇庆点轴系统的优化方向为轴线下游地区发展大城市,注重"点"的扩大;上游地区加强发展轴对区域内部的带动作用,强调的是"轴"的延伸.最后为肇庆点轴优化方向提出了几条具体的建议:下游城镇群融入广佛都市圈、改善交通条件、适当发展工业园、撤并乡镇、保护生态环境等.     

RURAL LAND USE IN NW JUTLAND

Hansen, V., 1980: Rural land use in NW Jutland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 80: 93–97. Copenhagen, june 1980.

The paper contributes to the open field/common field discussion in historical-geographical circles, in as much as it analyzes an infield/outfield system from the northwestern part of Jutland, Denmark. The 1688 field book for the village of Tødsø on the island of Mors testifies the use of a strip-cultivated but non-compulsory land-use in the infield. At the same time most of the outfield was composed of turfwalled crofts, grazed and occasionally cropped in severalty by the 15 full farmers, and this was non-assessed land.     

周边地区地缘政治经济发展态势对我国区域格局的影响

经济一体化是经济全球化基础上的经济发展潮流,是最终实现经济全球化的区域性实践。但由于不同地区面临的地缘经济和地缘政治形势不同,因此,参与国际和国内区域一体化的程度及需要解决的问题也．不尽一致。本文结合我国社会经济发展的长期战略规划,试图对各地区周边的地缘政治和地缘经济环境及其对我国区域经济格局的影响做出科学的判断,并从中发现需要着重解决和突破的关键问题及重点领域,以便为我国各地区利用有利条件,对可能出现的地缘态势作出未雨绸缪的安排,促进区域经济的发展,提供可参考的依据。     

Den 4. Internationale Kartografkongres,Canada, 1972

Humlum, J., 1973: Den 4. Internationale Kartografkongres, Canada, 1972. Geografisk Tidsskrift 72, 68–70. København, September 30, 1973.

4th International Cartographic Association Conference. Canada 1972.     

当代世界经济贸易地理格局及其形成的地缘基础

本文首先论述了当代世界经济贸易地理格局的特点：美、日、西欧三足鼎立与众多实力较弱经贸集团并存的多极格局开始形成；然后着重对这种格局形成的地缘基础进行了分析；最后对影响世界经贸格局形成的主要因素—地缘经济及其发展的新特点进行了概括。     

人口移动与区域经济格局变动

人口移动是我国近几年发生的重要社会经济现象之一,其机制是东部地区人多地少的推力与西部地区产业结构性空缺的吸力,以及国家对后者特定的工资与粮食政策。它对地域分工格局的变动产生着重大影响。     

近期我国省域经济增长的基本态势分析

本文对1991年～1996年间，我国省域经济增长的区域差异性进行了分析。重点是：揭示国家宏观发展政策对省域经济发展格局的作用效果，总结省域经济发展水平变化及对国家经济总量增长贡献程度分异的规律，以及划分省域经济增长类型、并探讨主要类型形成的内在机制。     

Restructuring in Cooperatives: The Example of the Danish Pork Processing Industry, 1968–2002

This article investigates the degree to which large cooperative organizations behave like other multilocational firms when they restructure. An examination of the restructuring of the Danish pork processing industry over thirty-five years reveals that cooperative ownership does matter in subtle ways. In particular, the coordination of the market achieved under cooperative ownership results in a restructuring that preserves both global economic position and fundamental institutions, particularly the cooperative movement and the set of beliefs that underpin it. This preservation of the beliefs of the cooperative movement is particularly evident in the lack of price “squeezing” on pigs delivered to the slaughter facilities.     

论城乡互动:解决"三农"问题的机制与对策

“三农”问题是关系到新世纪、新阶段改革开放和现代化建设全局的大问题。也是关系到社会稳定的大问题。但解决“三农”问题必须跳出过去基于农村本身就“三农”论“三农”的研究思路,因为农村区域自身没有条件和能力来解决“三农”问题。从城乡互动视角来研究“三农”问题尤为重要,城乡互动是解决“三农”问题的有效途径,重点分析了城乡良性互动的机制和模式,最后提出了促进城乡良性互动的措施。     

Sea-level changes,coastal dune building and sand drift,North-Western Jutland,Denmark

Christiansen, C. & Bowman, D.: Sea-level changes, coastal dune building and sand drift, North-Western Jutland, Denmark. Geografisk Tidsskrift 86: 28–31. Copenhagen, June 1986.

Two main models linking dune building and sea level changes have so far been proposed. Application of the low sea level model suggests that the major Danish dune building period from 1550 to 1750 need not necessarily be the result of human activity. The dune building period is probably related to a low sea level and the reworking of exposed shallow marine sand.     

Observations of beach cusps

Aagaard. Troels: Observations of beach cusps. Geografisk Tidsskrift 85: 27–31 Copenhagen, October 1985.

Observations of beach cusps have been conducted under low-energy conditions on the northern coast of Zealand, Denmark. The distance between cusps showed consistently good correlation with values calculated from a hypothetical occurrence of synchronous or subharmonic edge waves. A relationship is implied between the edge wave frequency and the value of the surf scaling parameter. Supplementary observations from the southern coast of England indicate that the edge wave theory may not be adequate in explaining the distance between cusps on pocket beaches.     

试论区域持续发展中的资源导向模式

区域作为地球表面的一部分 ,包含若干地理环境内容 ,具有一定的环境结构 ,同时区域又是各种资源的承载体 ,必然具有资源结构 ,区域的资源结构与环境相互交错形成区域特有的资源——环境结构。两大类资源即自然资源和人文资源与自然、人文环境相互作用共同构成了区域的多种资源——环境结构类型 ,不同的结构类型对区域发展的作用不同 ,但只有占主导地位的结构类型才有可能对区域发展起导向作用。基于此 ,本文用可持续发展的观点 ,提出了区域持续发展的三种资源导向模式 ,即自然资源导向型、人文资源导向型和资源综合导向型 ,并对每种模式进行了详细的分析和进一步的划分 ,最后对不同类型资源导向模式的动态转化进行了分析。     

湖南土地资源及其利用研究

本文论述湖南土地资源的主要特点，分析了土地利用现状及存在的主要问题，同时提出对土地资源的合理开发利用措施。     

Satellite based long-term assessment of rangeland condition in semi-arid areas: An example from Botswana

A methodology was devised for comparison of generalised range condition over time, irrespective of the nature of original imagery used. It was applied for range condition change mapping throughout Botswana through 1984-2000. Results showed that range degradation was most widespread during the 1980s drought when 25% of the country was affected, decreased to 6.5% in 1994 and increased to 9.8% in 2000. This suggests that these semi-arid rangelands are fairly resilient and can withstand “normal” droughts even under conditions of heavy grazing pressure. However, degradation that persists during normal or above average rainfall years is related to increasing livestock and other pressures on rangelands and may represent areas with severe range recovery problems. This application meets some requirements of a semi-arid developing country looking to improve range condition monitoring over relatively remote areas.     

JORDSAND—EROSION UND AKKUMULATION EINER HALLIG

Jespersen, Margot und Rasmussen, Erik: Jordsand—Erosion und Akkumulation einer Hallig. Geografisk Tidsskrift 75: 13–23. København, juni 1, 1976.

Since 1972 the authors have carried out investigations of erosion and accumulation on the island of Jordsand in the Danish Wadden Sea. The investigations supported by the Danish State Research Council for Natural Sciences are not yet finished, and this paper is a midway report including preliminary results and working hypotheses.