山东海岸沙生植被的初步研究

山东海岸沙滩滨海沙生植被由沙生植物及部分耐沙植物组成,其特点是: (1)组成植物种类简单,有种子植物68种,隶属于22科55属;(2)植物科、属的区系地理成分具有明显的温带、北温带性质,并含有一定数量的热带、亚热带成分;(3)沙生植物种的区系成分多数是北方分布的种类、而耐沙植物则大多数是广布种;(4)植被具有旱生性质,组成植物有耐旱、耐瘠、耐热、耐盐的生态生理特性,在形态上表现为低矮、匍匐、具刺、肉质和根系特别发达等形态学特征。最后从植物生态学角度论述了山东海岸沙生植被的保护与开发利用。滨海沙生植被是海岸带生态系统的重要组成部分,是沙滩生态系统中最基本的生物资源,其种群数量变动对沙滩生态及海岸带环境有着重大影响。对滨海沙生植被的研究国内虽有报道,但还无人对地处暖温带气候区山东的滨海沙生植被种类组成及其群落性质进行系统地研究。     

海岸河口高潮滩盐沼边界层沉积动力研究

此项目采用实验（现场、室内）方法研究海岸（河口）高潮滩盐沼泥沙过程 ,即波浪、潮流、海岸盐生植物、细颗粒悬沙和淤泥质底床的相互作用。（１）高潮滩盐沼盐生植物的野外调查 :海岸盐生植物的属种、高度、大小、密度 ;（２）高潮滩盐沼边界层水流结构的现场实验观测 :ａ．潮流水位、流速、紊动的野外现场观测 ;ｂ．波浪衰减的观测 ;（３）高潮滩盐沼细颗粒悬沙浓度的现场观测 ;（４）高潮滩盐沼地区长期、短期细颗粒泥沙堆积和侵蚀速率的现场观测 ;（５）海岸盐生植物作用下波浪、潮流边界层的室内实验研究 ;（６）海岸盐生植物作用下细…     

台湾海峡两岸高等植物区系研究

台湾海峡两岸高等植物有１１６种,其中东岸有９９种,西岸９２种,海峡两岸物种相似性为７８．５％。据海岸基质类型的不同,可分为砂生、盐生、基岩及海岸林和广生境４个生态类群。热带海岸植物木榄、海漆、露兜树等的分布北缘在厦门以南,台湾海峡两岸植物与日本、印度较相似;各种热带。亚热带成分占优势,温带成分较少,分别占总属娄物８９．９％和１０．１％;台湾海峡两岸植物区系中,热带及亚热带成分从南到北呈递减趋势。     

要重视海岸地区观测植物资源的开发

列举了海岸地区常见的观赏植物群落,阐述了海岸地区观测植物资源,对滨海旅游业利用海岸地区观测植物资源提出了要求。     

北部湾大风江与南流江河口红树林空间分布格局研究

生长在潮间带的红树植物在河口植物群落构成、海岸防风消浪中具有重要价值。本文基于本地种桐花树胚胎浸泡下沉实验与北部湾南流江和大风江河口段水体盐度、沿线潮间带植物群落结构与地貌分析,探讨红树林在河口空间分布及影响因素。结果主要表明:南流江河口和大风江河口红树林自海向陆基本展现“红树林纯林(桐花树、秋茄、无瓣海桑种类混生)→红树植物与半红树植物(黄槿、苦朗等)混生→红树植物、半红树植物与非红树植物混生→红树植物镶嵌→稀疏红树林小苗”的分布格局,但大风江河口向陆界限主要以红树、红树幼苗及半红树混生为主。此外,红树被浸淹时长是控制河口红树空间分布结构的主要因素。潮水上溯时长影响红树向陆生长的极限位置,宜林滩地是红树发育生长的必要条件。     

大亚湾红树林及海岸植物叶片盐腺与表皮非腺毛结构

光镜下观察研究了大亚湾地区部分红树林和海岸植物叶片的盐腺（腺毛）和非腺毛的结构及部分种类的发育过程,结果表明：在２１种植物中,叶片具盐腺的有桐花树、老鼠勒、白骨壤、黄槿、假茉莉、海南刺、二叶红薯,具非腺毛的有黄槿、白骨壤、钝叶豆腐木、草海桐。不同植物盐腺和表皮非腺毛的基本结构一致,反映出对难生境的趋同适应。     

台湾海峡红树植物的种类组成和地理分布

红树林是热带和亚热带海岸地区特有的植物群落。关于红树植物的概念,从广义方面理解,认为红树植物包括了潮水所能到达的海岸上所有的木本植物群落,其组成成份并非全部都具有红树科植物的特征。因此,有人根据其组成种类和群落生境,分为真红树植物和半红树植物;从狭义方面理解,认为红树植物只包括受海潮浸及的、红树科植物特征显著的木本植物群落。本文指的红树植物是广义方面的概念,包括了真红树植物和半红树植物。     

我国红树林资源人为破坏及保护对策

一、红树林资源现状 红树林是分布于热带海岸潮涧带的木本植物群落,具有防浪护岸、促淤造陆、净化环境、为海洋动物提供栖息环境和饵料等多方面的作用。 我国现有红树林面积14000公顷,红树植物种类37种,其中真红树26种,半红树11种,     

北仑河口国家级自然保护区的老鼠簕群落

表1北仑河口国家级自然保护区老鼠簕群落的主要分布区域及其面积北仑河口国家级自然保护区位于我国大陆海岸的西南端,东南临北部湾,西南与越南相邻。现有红树林面积约1 131hm2,主要群落可划分为8个群系、14个群落类型。红树植物种类有14种,其中真红树有10种,半红树有4种。组成红树植物群落的主要建群种有卤蕨(Acrostichumaureum)、白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)、桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)、秋茄(Kandeliacandel)、木榄(Bruguieragymnorrhiza)、海漆(Excoecariaagallocha)、老鼠簕(Acanthusilicifolius)和银叶树(Heritieralittoralis)8…     

柽柳对盐碱地生态环境的影响

<正>柽柳是一种盐生植物,具有很强的耐盐、抗旱、耐淹的生物学特征,广泛分布在内陆盐碱地和我国北方滨海湿地、滩涂,有"南有红树,北有柽柳"之说。柽柳是典型泌盐盐生植物,在盐碱地(含滨海湿地)种植形成柽柳林,不仅可以显著提高其物质生产、能量转换、气候与水分调节、水质净化、生物多样性保育、防风固沙/护堤等生态与环境功能[1-2],而且也是生物改良盐渍土的一种有效措施。种植柽     

烟台近岸人工鱼礁与自然岩礁底层渔业生物群落特征对比分析

为探究烟台近岸人工鱼礁区的底层渔业群落与自然岩礁区的差异,本研究于2018年5月—2019年2月在位于山东烟台近岸的养马岛自然岩礁区、牟平人工鱼礁区及毗邻泥沙区开展4个季度的渔业调查.调查共发现渔业生物15目37科53种,自然岩礁区与人工鱼礁区的平均物种数的差异不显著,但均明显高于泥沙区(Kruskal-Wallis ...     

Polychaete Fauna of Seagrass Beds (Halodule wrightii Ascherson) Along the Coast of Rio de Janeiro (Southeast Brazil)

Abstract.  The polychaete community structure from six Halodule wrightii seagrass beds along the Rio de Janeiro coast (Southeast Brazil) was investigated. Variations in species diversity, overall density and species composition in relation to sediment grain size, seagrass biomass and selected plant structural features such as root and shoot length from the study sites were analysed. Ten core samples (0.02 m²) were randomly collected from each site. Three additional samples were taken for grain size analysis of sediment. Sixty-eight species of polychaetes belonging to 24 families were found. The dominant species as well as species composition varied greatly among sites, showing that a typical polychaete community does not exist. The number of species was positively correlated with the silt-clay percent and sorting coefficient of the sediment. A positive correlation between polychaete density and plant biomass was also obtained. Multivariate analysis indicated that polychaete communities were influenced greatly by seagrass plant features: plants with longer shoots harbour mainly surface-deposit feeders such as Magelona papillicornis , whereas plants with a higher root-shoot length relation sheltered mainly suspension or interface feeders like Fabricia filamentosa . This study demonstrates that granulometric properties as well as plant architecture play an important role in structuring the polychaete community. As the community-level response can reflect changes in local seagrass beds, the structure of the polychaete community can be an important indicator for management plans and the restoration of seagrass ecosystems.     

Study on biological oceanography charateristics of planktonic copepods in waters north of Taiwan Ⅱ. Community characteristics

I~IOWThe area north of Taiwan is a mixing waters with complicate hydrographic features because itis influenced by the pushing and mixing of different water masses such as the Zhejiang -- Fujiancoastal water, the Taiwan Strait water, the Kuroshio surface water, the KurOShio sub-surfacewater and so on. The planktonic copepods in the area are also very complex and various. From research on species compoSition and ~nal variation, diversity and characteristics of copeal community in the area, …     

Invasive plants on disturbed Korean sand dunes

The sand dunes in coastal regions of South Korea are important ecosystems because of their small size, the rare species found in this habitat, and the beautiful landscapes they create. This study investigated the current vegetative status of sand dunes on three representative coasts of the Korean peninsula, and on the coasts of Cheju Island, and assessed the conditions caused by invasive plants. The relationships between the degree of invasion and 14 environmental variables were studied. Plots of sand dunes along line transects perpendicular to the coastal lines were established to estimate vegetative species coverage. TWINSPAN (Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis), CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis), and DCCA (Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were performed to classify communities on sand dunes and assess species composition variation. Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, and Vitex rotundifolia were found to be the dominant species plotted on the east, the west, and the peripheral coasts of Cheju Island, respectively. Vegetation on the south coast was totally extinct. The 19 communities, including representative C. kobomugi, C. kobomugi–Ixeris repens, C. kobomugi–Oenothera biennis, E. mollis, Lolium multiflorum–Calystegia soldanella, and V. rotundifolia–C. kobomugi, were all classified according to TWINSPAN. Oenothera biennis and L. multiflorum were exotics observed within these native communities. CCA showed that invasive native and exotic species distribution was segregated significantly, according to disturbance level, exotic species number, gravel, sand and silt contents, as well as vegetation size. It further revealed that human disturbance can strongly favor the settlement of invasive and exotic species. Restoration options to reduce exotic plants in the South Korean sand dune areas were found to be the introduction of native plant species from one sand dune into other sand dune areas, prohibition of building and the introduction of exotic soils, and conservation of surrounding sand dune areas.     

象山港冬季浮游动物的分布

对2002年12月象山港海区的浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特征及其与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,象山港海区出现浮游动物44种,可以划分为4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐性类群的种类较多,其优势种有真刺唇角水蚤Labidoceraeuchaeta、驼背隆哲水蚤Acro-calanusgibber、中华哲水蚤Calanussinicus、中华假磷虾Pseudeuphausiasinica和拿卡箭虫Sagittanagae等,半咸水河口类群、暖水性外海类群和广盐暖水性类群的种数均较少。浮游动物生物量的分布趋势与丰度的一致。湾顶部水域浮游动物的生物量和丰度都出现最高值,从湾顶部往湾口方向,浮游动物的生物量和丰度均呈逐渐降低的趋势。象山港海区周日连续站观测的结果显示,夜间半日潮时浮游动物的生物量和丰度均高于白昼半日潮时,低平潮时浮游动物的生物量与丰度均出现了最高值。     

XX核电厂附近海域生态环境及潜在致灾生物研究

为了了解XX核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了四个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻,其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母和薮枝螅水母。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹、长吻沙蚕和丝异须虫。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁XX核电厂冷源安全的潜在致灾生物。海地瓜、棘刺锚参、海葵和球型侧腕水母的风险等级较高,其分布主要受温度和盐度的影响。后续工作中,XX核电厂应根据潜在致灾生物与环境因子的关系加强暴发机制研究、提升监测预警能力,并优化驱赶消杀技术和干扰体系,为核电厂冷源安全提供理论和技术保障。     

渤海湾排污区底栖动物调查初步报告

近年来,由于海河,蓟运河以及永定新河将天津、北京两市的工业废水和生活污水排入渤海湾,加之沿海和海上油田的开发,还投入了含油污水等,所以,渤海湾的环境质量已受到有关部门的重视。中国科学院海洋研究所自1978年至1980年对渤海湾的环境质量进行了水文、化学、地质、生物等方面的调查。现将底     

Regional and temporal changes in bivalve diversity off the south coast of Portugal

From 2000 to 2006, a total of 75 bivalve species were identified, varying from 29 (spring 2001) to 54 species (spring 2005) per year. Seasonal tendencies in diversity varied according the year, thus the interpretation of long-term and regional scales is essential before drawing any conclusions in other studies. Richness and diversity consistently decreased with depth and increased with sediment grain size (from low in very coarse sand to high in coarse silt). Diversity decreased progressively from 3 to 16 m depth, thus the harsher shallower environments (due to waves and tidal air exposure) showed greater diversity than the most stable areas. Communities in finer sediments were more diverse than those in coarser sand. Evenness showed patterns opposite to diversity, overall.Diversity and evenness maps (produced with multivariate universal kriging), showed that most geographic areas with greater diversity were farer from river outflows and wastewater treatment plants. Two types of geographic pattern were observed: areas with persistently greater bivalve diversity through time and areas that changed locally from year to year. This spatial analysis can be used to establish priority conservation areas for management purposes, and to analyse the persistency of regional diversity patterns. The area with most habitat heterogeneity (Sotavento) corresponded to greatest diversity.There was a positive relationship between Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina landings and bivalve diversity 2 years and 1 year later, respectively. Possibly, local fisheries, by selectively withdrawing the commercial numerically dominant species from the ecosystem, increased diversity 1 to 2 years later, as the ecological niches of the dominants are quickly filled by several other species thereby creating a more even community. On regional scales, no significant impact was found on long-term bivalve diversity in local fisheries,     

Biotic variation in coastal water bodies in Sussex, England: Implications for saline lagoons

Coastal water bodies are a heterogeneous resource typified by high spatial and temporal variability and threatened by anthropogenic impacts. This includes saline lagoons, which support a specialist biota and are a priority habitat for nature conservation. This paper describes the biotic variation in coastal water bodies in Sussex, England, in order to characterise the distinctiveness of the saline lagoon community and elucidate environmental factors that determine its distribution. Twenty-eight coastal water bodies were surveyed for their aquatic flora and invertebrate fauna and a suite of exploratory environmental variables compiled. Ordination and cluster analyses were used to examine patterns in community composition and relate these to environmental parameters. Biotic variation in the coastal water body resource was high. Salinity was the main environmental parameter explaining the regional distribution of taxa; freshwater and saline assemblages were evident and related to sea water ingress. Freshwater sites were indicated by the plant Myriophyllum spicatum and gastropod mollusc Lymnaea peregra, while more saline communities supported marine and brackish water taxa, notably a range of chlorophytic algae and the bivalve mollusc Cerastoderma glaucum. Site community differences were also related to bank slope and parameters describing habitat heterogeneity. A saline lagoon community was discerned within the matrix of biotic variation consisting of specialist lagoonal species with associated typically euryhaline taxa. For fauna, the latter were the molluscs Abra tenuis and Hydrobia ulvae, and the crustaceans Corophium volutator and Palaemonetes varians, and for flora they were the algae Ulva lactuca, Chaetomorpha mediterranea, Cladophora spp. and Enteromorpha intestinalis. One non-native polychaete species, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, also strongly influenced community structure within the lagoonal resource. The community was not well defined as specialist and associated taxa were distributed throughout the spectrum of sites surveyed. Implications for the identification and conservation of saline lagoons are discussed.