APPLICATION OF THE CLUSTERING METHOD IN ANALYSING SHALLOW WATER MASSES AND MODIFIED WATER MASSES IN THE HUANGHAI SEA AND EAST CHINA SEA

The idea of modified water masses is introduced and a cluster analysis is used for determining the boundary of modified water masses and its variety in the shallow water area of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and the East China Sea. According to the specified standards to make the cluster, we have determined the number and boundary of the water masses and the mixed zones.The results obtained by the cluster method show that there are eight modified water masses in this area. According to the relative index of temperature and salinity,the modified water masses are divided into nine different characteristic parts. The water, masses may also be divided into three salinity types. On the TS-Diagram, the points concerning temperature and safinity of different modified mater masses are distributed around a curve, from which the characteristics of gradual modification may be embodied. The variation ranges of different modified water masses are all large, explaining the intensive modification of water masses in th     

聚类分析法在浅海水团分析中的应用及黄、东海变性水团的分析

本文引入变性水团概念,用聚类分析确定黄、东海浅海海域变性水团的边界及其变化。根据给定的标准进行聚类,确定了水团的个数、边界及混合区。 由聚类方法所得结果看出,在该海区中有八个变性水团。根据温、盐相对指标,将这些水团分为九种不同的特征。也可以把这些水团划分为三种盐度类型。在温—盐点聚图上,不同变性水团的温盐点,分布于一条曲线附近,它体现出逐级变性的特点。各变性水团的变化范围都很大,这说明该海区中水团变性强烈。在暖季中的增温降盐和冷季中的降温增盐,可认为是整个黄海和东海水体变性的特征。所有季节性水团都经历一个形成与消亡的过程。 文中讨论了变性水团和海洋环境的相互关系。水团变性是热力因素和动力因素共同作用而产生的。通过变性水团的分析,作者认为,在该海区水团的变性中,热力因素起着主要作用。变性水团界线的舌状分布与流向之间的关系是很明显的,可作为分析环流的旁证。最后描述了变性水团和底层中心渔场之间的关系。     

长江口及济州岛附近海域变性水团的初步分析

基于变性水团的概念,本文把聚类分析用于确定长江口及济州岛附近海域变性水团的边界。由聚类分析得到的结果表明,在该海区有十个水团。对它们的特征、分布与变化进行了初步分析。作者得出的结论是:1、在十个水团中,有四个大洋性水团,六个变性水团。2、该海域水团变性的特点为暧季增温、降盐、降氧,而冷季则相反。3、水团变性是由海区内、外因素综合作用而发生的,而后者在浅水区域起主要作用。4、水团边界的舌状分布与流向之间有明显关系。因之,海流的方向及强度,大致可依水团舌状分布而判断。5、底层中心渔场基本上位于各变性水团之间的混合区或其附近。     

北黄海及渤海变性水团的初步分析

根据1978—1980年渤海及北黄海70个测站的表、底层温、盐资料,用预先给定控制临界值的聚类方法,在该海域划分出5个水团。分析结果表明。1.渤黄海暧水团在冬季为高盐特征,夏季为中盐性质;其分布范围在冬—春季较小而夏—秋季较大。2.渤海水团为中温中盐性质:其温、盐度变化较小而冬—春季范围较大。3.黄海冷水团是一个高盐水团,它在5个水团中保守性最强,而从5月至8月范围较大。4.渤海沿岸水是一个不稳定的水团,其盐度较低,温度变化较小,春季和秋季范围较大而夏季和冬季较小。5.江河冲淡水是温度变化较大的低盐水,其范围夏季大而冬季小。水团的分布,在地理位置上是从该海区之东向西,一层套一层,而各水团在不同季节有自己的模式。此外,本文还探讨了水团消长变化和渔场的关系。     

春末黄东海域溶解氧分布与水团关系

以１９８７年５—６月中日台作黄东海域综合调查的溶解氧资料为主，探讨调查海区溶解氧分布特征与水团的对应关系。指出：近岸水团溶解氧合量高，远海低；上层水团高，下层低。在黄海冷水和东海北部底层冷水的上界出现明显的溶解氧垂直分布最大值及封闭形高氧区。水团边界区，氧跃层明显。溶解氧含量变化与水团温盐特性有关。通过分析发现，溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对鉴别东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，可作为一种有效的指标。     

烟威及石岛近海春季水团分析

本文使用1960—1980年春季的水文资料,以温度和盐度作为主要指标,根据聚类分析逼近温盐图解,结合对该海域地理环境特征的分析,对烟台、威海及石岛近海春季的水团结构演变及其和渔场、渔期的关系进行综合分析。结果表明,北黄海及青岛外海的冷水团,以及黄海暖水团的强度与位置的变动,对春季渔期的早迟以及渔场位置的变动,都有很大的影响。     

浅海变性水团的软划分

In this paper, the principle and steps for differentiating water masses by fuzzy cluster method are introduced, and a scalar formula bsed on Euclidean distance and a method for determining objectively the number of water masses by F-test are proposed. Consequently, a method and specific steps for differentiating modified water masses in shallow sea according to fuzzy elastic classification are given. Computation of the membership degree in which each sample belongs to every water mass determines conveniently and quantitatively the cores, boundaries of water masses and mixed zones. An example for the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea is shown and compared with previous results.     

聚类分析在浅海变性水团分析中的试验

The statistical cluster analysis method is applied to the modified water masses in the shallow sea and a series of experiments are carried out. A simple and convenient method for defining the quantity and boundary of water masses and mixing zone from the hierarchical tree is given. Two cluster methods of gradual examination are proposed and compared with the hierarchical method.     

应用对应分析法划分夏季东海水团的初步研究

本文综合分析四个断面16个标准层的因子点聚,表明在整个海区有九个水团,即:黑潮表层水、黑潮次表层水、黑潮中层水、黑潮深层水、大陆沿岸水、台湾暖流水、黄海水、对马暖流水和东海混合水,前6个水团是该海区的主要水团。本文还详细讨论了每个水团的分布特征。     

东海西北部水团分析及与渔场的关系

作者用聚类分析法划分浅海水团,目的在于克服大洋水团分析法进行分析所遇到的一些困难,它在根据不同海区特点确定临界值与检验值时有较大的灵活性。本文讨论了浅海变性水团与中心渔场的关系。结果表明,东海底层冷水、东海表层水和大陆沿岸水对渔业生产有重要影响。     

黄、东海春季水团的模糊判别分析

使用1987年5～6月黄、东海的调查资料,在水团多元模糊划分的基础上,引入了使用隶属函数的模糊判别分析,对海域中的11个水团模糊划分的有效性,给出了合理的判别方法,使水团的模糊分析增添了新的内容,得到了一些有益的结论。同时,简要地分析了各水团的分布与特征。     

划分变性水团边界的温盐点聚对照法与东海西部海区变性水团的分析

温盐点聚对照法是根据温盐点聚图而确定变性水团边界的一种分析方法。用这种方法分析东海西部海区中的变性水团,可以得到如下结果:在该海区中除四个原型水团之外,还有两个变性水团。具有区域性特征的变性回归线,仅在寒冷季节存在。可以看出,变性交换区与顺时针环流的存在密切相关。提出了检验该海区各变性水团消长变化的模式。最后,描述了混合带与中心渔场位置之间的关系。     

Low-Frequency Temperature Variability at Fukue Island Located Southwest of the Tsushima Straits

Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity variations at Fukue Island (located southwest of the Tsushima Straits) were investigated. In spring, low-frequency SST fluctuations with periods of 10–20 days predominate. Synthetic analysis of in situ observation and satellite infrared image reveals that these SST fluctuations are caused by movement of mixed warm water masses which have a temperature intermediate between those of the Kuroshio and the East China Sea (ECS) shelf waters. Since these fluctuations do not correspond with those in the Tsushima Straits, it is indicated that these water masses can hardly pass the Tsushima Straits while retaining their original water properties. In July, SST fluctuations with a period of several days are also found at Fukue Island. Since these SST fluctuations show an opposite correspondence with its salinity fluctuations and a good correspondence with the SST fluctuations at Okinoshima in the Tsushima Straits, it is inferred that warm and low-salinity water originated from the ECS shelf water causes these fluctuations and intrudes into the Tsushima Straits.     

Characteristics of water mass under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn

Two different cold waters were found under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn 2004. One is cold saline water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen, and the other is cold less saline water with a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. The older saline water originates from the bottom of the East China Sea, strongly influenced by the Kuroshio water with high salinity. The bottom density in the eastern channel of the Tsushima Straits is coincident with that of the East China Sea in autumn, corresponding to the season when the cold saline water was frequently found in the Tsushima Straits. The newer less saline water originates from the front of Tsushima Warm Current between the Tsushima Warm Current water and the surface cold water in the Japan Sea. This water is formed by subduction above the isopycnal surface from the front of the Tsushima Warm Current.     

南海北部海区水团分析

以模糊聚类为主要方法,在南海北部海区划出8个水团:沿岸冲淡水团(F)、近岸混合水团(M)、暖表层水团(WS)、表层水团(S)、表-次层混合水团(SU)、次层水团(U)、次-中层混合水团(UI)和中层水团(I).对各水团的形成、基本特征、变性特点以及消长变化和分布规律进行了综合分析.可将它们分为3种类型:径流冲淡型——F,浅海变性型——M、WS、S、SU和深海大洋型——U、UI和I.     

1986年7月黄海南部及东海北部海况的主要特征

本文简要阐明了1986年7月中美南黄海合作调查所得的东海北部和南黄海的海况特征。给出了2m,50m,底层及主要断面的温、盐度分布图、T-S图解、动力计算和漂流浮标的观测结果。从这些图表可以看出:夏季黄海暖流不再进入南黄海内部,但有经济州海峡重新回归对马暖流的迹象;黄海冷水团内部结构复杂,黄海的陆架锋对黄海水文要素的分布变化有重要影响;南黄海上层存在着封闭的密度环流;济州岛西南依然存在着气旋型海水运动等。     

春末黄东海海域溶解氧分布特征与水团相互关系探讨

采用1987年5－6月中日合作黄东海海域综合调查溶解氧资料，参考有关文献，讨论调查海域溶解氧分布特征及与水团的对应关系。分析结果表明，各水团中溶解氧含量的差异与各水团温盐特性及生物地球化学过程不同有关。通过分析还发现溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，是一个重要的指标。     

水团分析中的模糊数学方法

使用多年平均温盐资料,应用模糊数学的一系列方法,对渤、黄、东海整个海域逐月进行了水团划分与分析。用移动格域法和模糊积分法确定水团的聚类中心,依Fuzzy-F统计判定海区内水团的个数;用模糊ISODATA聚类法调整软划分矩阵,依模糊贴近度衡量水团之间的相近程度,用模糊熵讨论水团的不均匀程度,从而给出了在水团分析中系统地应用模糊数学方法的实例和计算流程。     

ELASTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MODIFIED WATER MASS IN SHALLOW SEA

In this paper, the principle and steps for differentiating water masses by fuzzy cluster method are introduced, and a scalar formula based on Euclidean distance and a method for determining objectively the number of water masses by F-test are proposed. Consequently, a method and specific steps for differentiating modified water masses in shallow sea according to fuzzy elastic classification are given. Computation of the membership degree in which each sample belongs to every water mass determines conveniently and quantitatively the cores, boundaries of water masses and mixed zones. An example for the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea is shown and compared with previous results.     

春季东海不同水域的表层叶绿素含量

利用１９９４年春季在东海及台湾海峡首次获得的表层水中绿素含量大面走航连续观测资料，结合温盐分布及以往的有关东海及台湾海峡的海流和上升流的结论，分析了春季东海表层叶绿素含量在不同水域的分布特征。结果表明，叶绿素含量分布与水文结构关系密切。叶绿素含量值随不同海流流域而变，但在各海流流域内基本不变，黑潮表层水的叶绿素含量最低，其次是台湾暖流表层水，长江冲淡水与江浙沿岸流域的叶绿素含量较高；黑潮西侧弱流剧