循环荷载特征对焊接工字形钢支撑低周疲劳性能的影响

通过14根铰支焊接工字形支撑在不同特征的循环轴向位移荷载下的低周疲劳试验，研究了循环轴向位移荷载的位移幅值、平均位移幅值及加载次序等因素对钢支撑低周疲劳及耗能性能的影响。研究发现，对称循环荷载中幅值越小，支撑翼缘局部屈曲发展越晚，其耗能及承载力退化也越平缓。文中提出了支撑在幅值6δ≤Δδ≤12δy的对称循环荷载下的疲劳寿命经验公式。试验表明，循环荷载的位移幅值是支撑疲劳损伤及耗能退化的最主要影响因素，过载峰效应及适当的平均压位移幅值改善了钢支撑低周疲劳及耗能性能。     

Evaluation of the seismic performance of a three‐story ordinary moment‐resisting concrete frame

This study focuses on the seismic performance of Ordinary Moment‐Resisting Concrete Frames (OMRCF) designed only for gravity loads. For this purpose, a 3‐story OMRCF was designed in compliance with the minimum design requirements in the American Concrete Institute Building Code ACI 318 (1999). This model frame was a regular structure with flexure‐dominated response. A 1/3‐scale 3‐story model was constructed and tested under quasi‐static reversed cyclic lateral loading. The overall behavior of the OMRCF was quite stable without abrupt strength degradation. The measured base shear strength was larger than the design base shear force for seismic zones 1, 2A and 2B calculated using UBC 1997. Moreover, this study used the capacity spectrum method to evaluate the seismic performance of the frame. The capacity curve was obtained from the experimental results for the specimen and the demand curve was established using the earthquake ground motions recorded at various stations with different soil conditions. Evaluation of the test results shows that the 3‐story OMRCF can resist design seismic loads of zones 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 with soil types S_A and S_B . For soil type S_C , the specimen was satisfactory in seismic zones 1, 2A, 2B and 3. For soil type S_D , the OMRCF was only satisfactory for seismic zones 1 and 2A. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Reinforcing Steel本构的高强钢筋混凝土柱纤维模型研究

为了研究HTRB630E级高强钢筋的基本力学参数和疲劳性能,本文进行了应变等幅低周疲劳性能试验,并将试验结果与HRB400级钢筋的结果进行了对比分析.首先,基于应变等幅低周疲劳试验数据点,对OpenSees程序中Reinforcing Steel材料本构的疲劳参数Cf、Cd和 α进行拟合,然后采用拟合的Reinforc...     

Nonlinear pushover analysis of infilled concrete frames

Six reinforced concrete frames with or without masonry infills were constructed and tested under horizontal cyclic loads. All six frames had identical details in which the transverse reinforcement in columns was provided by rectangular hoops that did not meet current ACI specifications for ductile frames. For comparison purposes, the columns in three of these frames were jacketed by carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer （CFRP） sheets to avoid possible shear failure. A nonlinear pushover analysis, in which the force-deformation relationships of individual elements were developed based on ACI 318, FEMA 356, and Chen＇s model, was carried out for these frames and compared to test results. Both the failure mechanisms and impact of infills on the behaviors of these frames were examined in the study. Conclusions from the present analysis provide structural engineers with valuable information for evaluation and design of infilled concrete frame building structures.     

考虑不同配筋率影响的板柱节点抗冲切性能分析

冲切破坏是钢筋混凝土板柱结构的主要破坏形式。通过对ACI318-08、Eurocode 2、GB50010-2010等规范中关于板柱节点受冲切承载力计算公式的对比分析,发现对于板中配筋率的影响可否忽略以及影响程度等问题的考虑并不统一。为深入研究配筋率对板柱节点抗冲切性能的影响,在考虑材料和几何非线性的基础上,通过有限元软件OpenSEES对5个配筋率分别为0.5%(2个)、0.99%、2.0%及3.0%的板柱节点试件进行数值模拟和参数分析,对比分析各试件的承载力、刚度变化过程及破坏特征,发现模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好。研究表明:配筋率是进行板柱节点抗冲切设计不可忽略的影响因素,建议在规范修订中考虑此参数。最后还分析了其抗震性能及混凝土强度对抗冲切承载力的影响。     

Dual‐plastic hinge design concept for reducing higher‐mode effects on high‐rise cantilever wall buildings

This paper explores the notion of detailing reinforced concrete structural walls to develop base and mid‐height plastic hinges to better control the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings to strong shaking. This concept, termed here dual‐plastic hinge (DPH) concept, is used to reduce the effects of higher modes of response in high‐rise buildings. Higher modes can significantly increase the flexural demands in tall cantilever wall buildings. Lumped‐mass Euler–Bernoulli cantilevers are used to model the case‐study buildings examined in this paper. Buildings with 10, 20 and 40 stories are designed according to three different approaches: ACI‐318, Eurocode 8 and the proposed DPH concept. The buildings are designed and subjected to three‐specific historical strong near‐fault ground motions. The investigation clearly shows the dual‐hinge design concept is effective at reducing the effects of the second mode of response. An advantage of the concept is that, when combined with capacity design, it can result in relaxation of special reinforcing detailing in large portions of the walls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lithospheric necking: a dynamic model for rift morphology

Rifting is examined in terms of the growth of a necking instability in a lithosphere consisting of a strong plastic or viscous surface layer of uniform strength overlying a weaker viscous substrate in which strength is either uniform or decreases exponentially with depth. As the lithosphere extends, deformation localizes about a small imposed initial perturbation in the strong layer thickness. For a narrow perturbation, the resulting surface topography consists of a central depression and uplifted flanks; the layer thins beneath the central depression. The width of the rift zone is related to the dominant wavelength of the necking instability, which in turn is controlled by the layer thickness and the mechanical properties of the lithosphere. For an initial thickness perturbation with a width less than the dominant wavelength, deformation concentrates into a zone comparable to the dominant wavelength. If the initial perturbation is wider than the dominant wavelength, then the width of the zone of deformation is controlled by the width of the initial perturbation; deformation concentrates in the region of enhanced thinning and develops periodically at the dominant wavelength. A surface layer with limiting plastic (stress exponent n = ∞) behavior produces a rift-like structure with a width typical of continental rifts for a strong layer thickness consistent with various estimates of the maximum depth of brittle deformation in the continental lithosphere. The width of the rift is essentially independent of the layer/substrate strength ratio. For a power law viscous surface layer (n = 3), the dominant wavelength varies with layer/substrate strength ratio to the one-third power and is always larger than for a plastic surface layer of the same thickness. The great widths of rift zones on Venus may be explained by unstable extension of a strong viscous surface layer.     

Seismic steel jacketing of rectangular RC bridge columns for the mitigation of lap‐splice failures

This paper investigated the use of external steel jacketing for seismic retrofit of non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns to prevent lap‐splice failure. Three 1/2.5‐scale specimens were tested under cyclic loads. The effectiveness of two types of steel jackets for improving the ductility and strength of specimens using inadequate transverse reinforcing and lap‐splice details were examined. An octagonal steel jacketing scheme for the seismic retrofitting of rectangular RC bridge columns was proposed. In addition, the methods for seismic retrofitting rectangular columns using elliptical steel jacketing were also critically tested. The test results indicated that the octagonal steel jackets can effectively provide confinement thereby mitigating failures as a result of inadequate transverse reinforcing and inadequate lap‐splices. Tests also confirmed that the ductility performance and the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens can be significantly improved by the octagonal steel jacket. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

林聪悟-直线法在基于美国混凝土规范设计中的程序实现

首先,阐述了美国ACI318-08规范中钢筋混凝土受弯、受压构件的设计原理和基本假定。与我国混凝土结构设计规范不同,ACI318-08规范是根据构件的受力破坏形态来确定名义抗压和抗弯承载力的折减系数的,相对于延性破坏,脆性破坏构件的承载力折减较多。然后,由平衡条件、平截面假定及Newton迭代格式,推导出林聪悟-直线法的计算公式。编制程序实现该算法时,须根据最大、最小配筋率的规定对迭代区域进行限定;在确定P-M相关曲线上的拐点位置的基础上,实现中性轴高度在曲线上的分段迭代。通过在曲线拐点处设置微小增量及自动调整中性轴高度等方法,解决了程序计算时可能出现的迭代发散问题。算例表明,所编制程序的计算结果具有很高的精度。     

软钢耗能器可靠度的分析方法

本文以低周疲劳破坏作为软钢耗能器的破坏模式,建立了弹塑性滞回变形幅值和滞回循环次数的概率分析方法。在此基础上,按照线性累积损伤准则,提出了大震作用下软钢耗能器可靠度的分析方法。最后,通过算例分析证明了上述方法的可行性。     

Hybrid experimental performance of a full‐scale two‐story buckling‐restrained braced RC frame

This paper proposes a novel implementation of buckling‐restrained braces (BRB) in new reinforced concrete (RC) frame construction. Seismic design and analysis methods for using a proposed steel cast‐in anchor bracket (CAB) to transfer normal and shear forces between the BRB and RC members are investigated. A full‐scale two‐story RC frame with BRBs (BRB‐RCF) is tested using hybrid and cyclic loading test procedures. The BRBs were arranged in a zigzag configuration and designed to resist 70% of the story shear. The gusset design incorporates the BRB axial and RCF actions, while the beam and column members comply with ACI 318‐14 seismic design provisions. Test results confirm that the BRBs enhanced the RCF stiffness, strength, and ductility. The hysteresis energy dissipation ratios in the four hybrid tests range from 60% to 94% in the two stories, indicating that BRBs can effectively dissipate seismic input energy. When the inter‐story drift ratio for both stories reached 3.5% in the cyclic loading test, the overall lateral force versus deformation response was still very stable. No failure of the proposed steel CABs and RC discontinuity regions was observed. This study demonstrates that the proposed design and construction methods for the CABs are effective and practical for real applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

结构损伤分析的力学方法

本文将损伤力学中的损伤变量概念从材料广到了构件和结构；在此基础上，针对钢筋混凝土结构单调力－变形曲线，给出了其损伤演变过程，并对等位移循环和地震后钢筋混凝土压弯构件的低周疲劳损伤进行了分析。最后，探讨了系统损伤的组合问题。     

新型舌板黏滞阻尼器力学性能试验研究

本文提出了一种新型舌板黏滞阻尼器,通过对该黏滞阻尼器进行低周循环加载试验和抗低周疲劳性能试验,研究并验证了该阻尼器的耗能性能、抗低周疲劳性能及恢复力模型。研究结果表明:选取合适参数的舌板式黏滞阻尼器滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能与抗低周疲劳性能良好。Maxwell模型能够较好地描述该阻尼器力学行为,反映阻尼器在各种试验工况下的出力情况。该阻尼器设计与加工简单,对工程结构的耗能减震有着实际意义。     

Design,manufacture and calibration of the SARI portable rainfall simulator for field and laboratory experiments

The Simulator of Artificial RaInfall (SARI) rainfall simulator (RS) is a newly designed, constructed and calibrated, portable, two-nozzle RS with low water consumption, accurate measurement, easy management and low cost. The raindrop size distribution and velocity and mean rainfall intensity were measured. The best rainfall spatial distribution was achieved with nozzles separated by 50, 60 and 70 cm, and with oscillation angles of 30, 45 and 60°, at a pressure of 60 kPa. The uniformity coefficient varied from 57 to 61% and rainfall intensity from 48 to 101 mm h^?1. The raindrop diameter varied from 0.2 to 9.9 mm. The raindrop velocity at the optimum pressure of 60 kPa, which was measured with high-speed photography, ranged from 1.1 to 7.1 m s^?1. Comparison with other RSs shows that the SARI simulator is a suitable apparatus to research soil erosion and runoff generation under laboratory and field conditions.     

Experimental seismic behavior of squat shear walls with precast concrete hollow moulds

This study proposes an innovative precast shear wall system, called an EVE precast hollow shear wall structure (EVE-PHSW). Precast panels in EVE-PHSW are simultaneously precast with vertical and horizontal holes. Noncontact lap splices of rebars are used in vertical joints connecting adjacent precast panels for automated prefabrication and easy in situ erection. The seismic behavior of EVE walls was examined through a series of tests on six wall specimens with aspect ratios of 1.0∼1.3. Test results showed that EVE wall specimens with inside cast-in situ concrete achieved the desired “strong bending and weak shear” and failed in shear mode. Common main diagonal cracks and brittle shear failure in squat cast-in situ walls were prevented. Inside cast-in situ concrete could significantly improve the shear strength and stiffness of EVE walls. The details of boundary elements (cast-in situ or prefabricated) and vertical joints (contiguous or spaced) had little effect on the global behavior of EVE walls. Noncontact lap splices in vertical joints could enable EVE walls to exhibit stable load-carrying capacity through extensive deformations. Evaluation on design codes revealed that both JGJ 3-2010 and ACI 318-14 provide conservative estimation of shear strength of EVE walls, and EVE walls achieved shear strength reserves comparative to cast-in situ walls. The recommended effective stiffness for cast-in situ walls in ASCE 41–17 appeared to be appropriate for EVE walls.

     

Equivalent ductility factors,taking into account low-cycle fatigue

During strong earthquakes, the deformation capacity of structures is reduced due to the cumulative damage caused by cyclic load reversals. In the paper, equivalent (reduced) ductility factors have been proposed, which take into account this effect. They are based on different failure hypotheses. Ductility reduction due to low-cycle fatigue is controlled by a dimensionless parameter γ, which is a function of dissipated hysteretic energy, maximum displacement and the natural frequency of the structural system, and which has been proved to be a relatively stable quantity in the whole period range. If approximate values for γ are used, the determination of equivalent ductility is very simple, and thus appropriate for design purposes. The formulae for equivalent ductility factors include damage indices, and permit the designer to choose acceptable level of structural damage explicitly. As an example, equivalent ductility factors have been used to construct inelastic acceleration spectra, which are proportional to strength demand, for the El Centro 1940 SOOE record. The results have been compared with the ‘exact’ spectra obtained by non-linear dynamic analysis.     

T形钢管混凝土柱与钢梁外伸端板连接节点抗震性能试验研究

本文对3个T形钢管混凝土柱与钢梁外伸端板连接节点进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究及分析,研究外伸端板连接节点破坏形式及抗震性能。分析结果表明:该类节点的强度主要取决于高强螺栓的强度及外伸端板的强度和刚度,高强螺栓强度和外伸端板厚度的不同直接影响节点的性能;该类节点具有较好的耗能性能,强度较高。这些研究结果对外伸端板连接节点的研究和应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

圆钢管轻集料混凝土梁与混凝土桥墩连接节点试验研究

为了解决圆钢管轻集料混凝土梁与混凝土桥墩的整体连接问题,共设计了穿心钢筋、穿心钢筋加弯矩传递板和穿心工字钢3种节点连接形式,采用拟静力试验研究了刚节点在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震耗能性能。试验结果表明,3种节点都具有良好的抗震耗能性能,等效粘滞阻尼系数都超过了钢筋混凝土结构要求的0.1,延性系数都大于规范规定的2;在节点屈服以后,3种节点仍然具有一定的承载力,其中穿心钢筋和穿心工字钢节点的延性系数和等效粘滞阻尼系数基本相同,穿心钢筋加弯矩传递板较其他2种刚节点稍差。     

抗震结构的等效延性破坏准则及其子结构试验验证

基于试验结果与分析，本文提出了反映结构低周疲劳特性的“等效延性破坏准则”。将由结构非线性动力反应分析求得的、预计按本文所提破坏准则能引起柱破坏的三种不同位移反应时程，施加于三个柱试件，以验证所提准则的有效性与实用性。     

低屈服点钢研究进展与力学性能数据分析

为对低屈服点钢进行进一步的研究,同时促进其在工程中的应用,全面综述了国内外学者对低屈服点钢材料的研究成果,主要包括单调拉伸性能、循环加载性能以及低屈服点钢材料的应用。并将文献中的力学性能参数进行统计,采用K-S检验法对屈服强度与抗拉强度进行检验。结果表明:低屈服点钢具有良好的延性与滞回性能,力学性能参数基本满足规范要求;3种钢材的伸长率均随厚度增大而增大;低屈服点钢屈服强度符合正态分布,抗拉强度则不符合正态分布;实际工程中对低屈服点钢耗能构件的应用仍相对较少,还需进一步对其进行深入研究,以提高其应用比例。