甘肃省重要古植物化石产地区划及保护利用

古植物化石是地质历史时期各类植物实体或遗迹的残留.对古植物化石产地进行系统的调查和区划研究是开展古生物化石保护和利用工作的基础.在资料研究和实地调查的基础上,对甘肃省24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价和区划研究.甘肃省古植物化石产地可划分为北山地区、祁连山——河西走廊地区、鄂尔多斯和秦岭地区4个古生物化石大区以及6个古...     

甘肃省重要古植物化石产地区划及保护利用

古植物化石是地质历史时期各类植物实体或遗迹的残留。对古植物化石产地进行系统的调查和区划研究是开展古生物化石保护和利用工作的基础。在资料研究和实地调查的基础上,对甘肃省24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价和区划研究。甘肃省古植物化石产地可划分为北山地区、祁连山——河西走廊地区、鄂尔多斯和秦岭地区4个古生物化石大区以及6个古植物化石产地集中区。根据古植物化石产地的科学价值和美学价值,具体从科学性、稀有性、完整性、保存程度、可保护性5个单因素分别对24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价。在单因素评价基础上进行了综合鉴评,共鉴评出世界级化石产地1处,国家级化石产地7处,省级化石产地16处。根据产地自然区划、行政区划等要素划分了古植物化石产地集中保护区6个。根据保护区内古植物化石产地级别及重要程度,划分出特级保护区2个,重点保护区2个和一般保护区2个。提出对重要古植物化石产地实行化石标本保护加原产地保护的建议。     

中国黄土区第四纪脊椎动物

中国黄土研究中,脊椎动物化石一直具有重要地位。二十至三十年代,杨钟健、德日进、裴文中等对黄土中脊推动物化石做了比较深人的研究,为黄土地层划分奠定了基础。1962年,刘东生、张宗祜根据山西隰县午城剖面的脊推动物化石及地层的不整合关系,划分了午城黄土、离石黄土和马兰黄土。而后,刘东生等在“黄河中游黄土”、“中国的黄土堆积”和“黄土的物质成分与结构”等著作中,对黄土区的脊椎动物化石做了比较系统的总结。     

李官桥盆地与垣曲盆地早第三纪哺乳动物化石层位及有关问题的探讨

通过新化石地点的发现及对过去分类的各地点、各层位化石的整理研究及广泛对比,对河南西部红层盆地化石层位提出了较为理想的时代顺序,并在此基础上对垣曲盆地渐新统存在与否及中国东部早第三纪生物古地理的划分提出了初步意见。     

Iberian Plio‐Pleistocene biochronology: micromammalian evidence for MNs and ELMAs calibration in southwestern Europe

A multivariate biochronological analysis of the Plio‐Pleistocene Iberian rodent fossil record is presented. Among more than 300 fossil sites, 49 sites have been selected. The ordination of the fossil sites selected from the Iberian Peninsula has been achieved by the appearance event ordination method. After calibration of this ordination with geochronological dates at some of the localities, numerical dates are proposed for all the localities studied. Hence, mammal fossil sites non‐datable by other means (palaeomagnetism, radiometric dating, etc.) have been dated with a relatively high degree of confidence. Final results allow dating of boundaries between the Plio‐Pleistocene European Land Mammal Ages (ELMAS) or the Mammal Neogene (MN) units. These boundaries agree with previous studies using magnetostratigraphical calibration of these scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New Devonian plant fossil occurrences on the New South Wales South Coast: geological implications

Devonian fossil localities are summarised for coastal southeastern Australia, including both marine invertebrates representing a major late Frasnian (Late Devonian) transgression, and plant remains of Middle–Late Devonian age in associated non-marine strata. Lycopsid plant specimens (Leptophloeum) from near Majors Creek, NSW, first documented by Edgeworth David and E. F. Pittman in association with marine fossils to demonstrate a Late Devonian age, are illustrated for the first time. Lycopsid plants of presumed Middle Devonian age are illustrated from three new localities: Yowrie River inland from Cape Dromedary, Tuross River northwest of Narooma and Charlies Forest Road northeast of Braidwood. The Yowrie River occurrence (in float) indicates probable Middle Devonian strata upstream that are not shown on published maps. The Tuross River occurrence is in sheared and folded strata previously mapped as Ordovician, and the Braidwood occurrence demonstrates Devonian black shales adjacent to previously mapped Ordovician. Evidence supporting alternative thrust or simple fold interpretations for the Budawang Synclinorium is discussed, and relevant Ordovician fossil localities are listed.     

辽宁地质历史时期的植物界

辽宁地区晚古生代以来的陆相地层发育,丰富的植物化石产于自晚古生代至新生代各地质时期的沉积物中.本文概要地整理了辽宁自晚古生代早石炭世晚期以来,已报道的化石属种名单,共200余属,480余种.包括古生代、中生代及新生代3个组成部分.每个部分的名单均按自然分类系统排列.每个种后面附有拉丁学名、产地、层位及时代.对每个断代的某些重要类群或辽宁独具特色的化石并作简要说明.     

Fossil remnants of up-turned debris bands in Pleistocene glacial deposits of Poland

Fossil remnants of up-turned debris-rich bands of glacial ice are recorded from three localities in the Polish Lowlands. In each case the fossil debris bands occur in proximal parts of hills built of glacitectonically disturbed sediments. The characteristics of these remnants and of the associated deposits and structures are described, and they are compared to present-day examples from Spitsbergen.     

New Jurassic Fossil True Bugs of the Pachymeridiidae(Hemiptera:Pentatomomorpha)from Northeast China

Four new fossil genera and species of true bugs from the family Pachymeridiidae, Beipiaocoris multifurcus, Bellicoris mirabilis, Nitoculus regiUus, and Viriosinervis stolidus, are described. New specimens were collected from the Middle and Upper Jurassic non-marine sedimentary strata from the Jiulongshan and Yixian Formations of northeast China. The species Karatavocoris asiatica Becker-Migdisova, 1963, which was considered to be a member of the family Coreidae is transferred to the Pachymeridiidae. A new map of all known and newly discovered fossil pachymeridiid localities is given. The diagnosis of the family is modified.     

The first record of a bryophyte in Upper Cretaceous amber from Taimyr,northern Siberia: Taimyrobryum martynoviorum gen. et sp. nov. (Bryopsida)

Cretaceous bryophyte fossils are known only from a few localities and only a few are known in ultrastructural fidelity. We describe a fossil moss gametophyte from Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber and place it in the fossil genus Taimyrobryum martynoviorum gen. et sp. nov. (Bryopsida). Its unbranched, somewhat zig-zagged stems with distantly spaced, spreading, narrowly lanceolate leaves and the unbranched costa match the gross morphology of Dicranidae; however, the uniformly prosenchymatous leaf cells contradict an affiliation to this subclass. The Yantardakh in the Taimyr Peninsula is the fourth and northernmost Cretaceous amber locality yielding inclusions of bryophytes.     

我国寒武纪早期含磷岩系中织金壳属 Zhijinites 化石的构造和分类

我国寒武纪早期含磷岩系中产出丰富的小壳动物化石,其层位居于含老三叶虫动物群的层位之下。这个动物界早期演化的第二阶段--从软身躯演化而来初具硬骨髂的阶段,目前研究甚差,绝灭种类甚多,许多化石是分类位置未定的。1975年后,笔者和其他人先后在四川省峨眉县麦地坪,贵州省织金大院及湖北省宜昌县天柱山的寒武系底部含磷岩系中,用化学法处理出大量图钉形态的小壳化石。     

Shaanxilithes在贵州的发现及其意义

贵州清镇桃子冲组发现了保存精美的 Shaanxilithes,其特征与陕南高家山生物群中的相同分子基本一致 ,结合瓶状化石资料 ,初步推断桃子冲组下段的下部可与高家山段对比 ,与南澳的“可疑构造”在形态上的相似性进一步证实 Shaanxilithes具有较为稳定的地史分布 ,可以作为新元古代末期地层对比的一个潜在的重要标志。对Shaanxilithes的深入研究排除了其为遗迹化石或蠕形动物的可能 ,推测它可能是一类钙化的藻类化石碎片     

陕南震旦系上部地层中的后生动物化石及其地层意义

近年来,同位素地质年龄测定的方法应用越来越广泛。但古生物学原理仍然不失为地壳沉积层划分对比的主要理论基础,甚至许多学者还热心地探讨应用这种方法去划分对比前寒武纪地层的可能性(随着有机地球化学的进展,不少人认为应把地层中获得的各种有机化合物作为“化学化石”,进一步对比地层,并探索生命的起源和演化。)。     

吉林东南部白山盆地下白垩统鹰嘴砬子组时代厘定及地质意义

对鹰嘴砬子组层型剖面进行了重新测制,系统采集了古生物化石。研究证明该组所产脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和孢粉化石组合与Eosestheria-Epicharmeropsis-Lycoptera (EEL)组合为代表的热河生物群一致,代表了中国最东部的热河生物群化石产地,地质时代应为早白垩世,而不是前人划归的晚侏罗世。孢粉学和年代地层学研究资料进一步表明,鹰嘴砬子组地质时代应为早白垩世Hauterivian-Barremian期。鹰嘴砬子组区域上可与辽西义县组、冀北大店子组—西瓜园组及龙江盆地光华组对比。     

关于峡东陡山沱组具刺疑源类化石研究的补充

在峡东陡山沱组黑色燧石中前人报道了多种多样的具刺疑源类化石，笔者最近重新研究了陡山沱组岩石切片中的具刺疑源类，发现微化石三维地保存了几乎没蚀变的条件下，这个生物群落包括Filis phaeridi-um,Baltisphaeridium,Comasphaeridium和Tianzhushania等分子，它们中的Tianzhushania在外表及形态上可与产自挪威斯瓦尔巴德群岛晚里菲岩层中的Trachyhstrichosphaera aimika比较，Trachyhystrichosphaera aimika是晚前寒武纪最特殊和分布最广的一个分子，目前已知至少产自世界上15个地区的晚里菲岩层中，对于新古元代前文德地层似乎是一个出色的指示化石，产自陡山沱组的Tianzhushania似乎支持Butterfield的观点，即：陡山沱组硅化碳酸盐沉积的年代早于伊迪卡拉后生物多样化的时期，但是，由于化石只发展于少数岩石薄片中，因此，这些化石或许只代表峡东陡山沱组局部的生态环境。文中还讨论了陡山沱组的沉积环境及化石的保存。     

中国西北地区第四纪盐湖沉积中钙质超微化石的发现及其古环境意义

报导了中国西北地区的甘肃、青海、新疆等地陆相第四纪盐湖沉积中发现的钙质超微化石,它们主要是：Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ,Ｃｏｃｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｐｅｌａｇｉｃｕｓ,Ｃａｌｃｉｄｉｓｃｕｓｌｅｐｔｏｐｏｒｕｓ,Ｃ．ｍａｃｉｎｔｙｒｅｉ,Ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｏｆｅｎｅｓｔｒａｍｉｎｕｔｕｌａ等。上述钙质超微化石群具有以下特征：（１）化石丰度中等,属、种分异度低,化石保存差;（２）赋存化石的层位均为富含石膏盐层的微咸水咸水的沉积物,或为盐湖沉积;（３）产出化石地点远距该地质时期时的古海岸线。它们与古海域既无通道相连,亦非残留海。中国西北地区盐湖沉积中钙质超微化石的发现说明了中国东部地区第三纪沙河街组某些层位中的钙质超微化石不能作为“海相生物”的标志,否定了这些化石层位与“海侵”或“海泛”的关联。     

Early Cretaceous choristoderes (Diapsida,Choristodera) from Siberia,Russia

There are ten known Lower Cretaceous localities for skeletal remains of choristoderes in Siberia (Russia). Choristoderan remains at all these localities are represented by isolated bones, usually by isolated vertebrae of Choristodera indet. Three choristoderan taxa in two geological units were identified: the non-neochoristodere Khurendukhosaurus sp. (possibly closely related to the long-necked Sino-Japanese hyphalosaurids) from the Murtoi Formation, Transbaikalia; cf. Khurendukhosaurus sp. and the “Shestakovo choristodere” with possible neochoristoderan affinities from the Ilek Formation, Western Siberia. All these three choristoderan taxa had a microanatomical organization of vertebrae similar to that of in advanced large neochoristoderes (vertebral centra with tight spongiosa). The Siberian fossil record includes the westernmost (Shestakovo locality, Ilek Formation) and the northernmost (Teete locality, the Sangarian Group) occurrences of the Early Cretaceous choristoderes in Asia. Like in other regions of Asia, Siberian localities are characterized by the absence of neosuchian crocodyliforms.     

海龙类化石在云南泸西上三叠统的发现

采自云南泸西县城附近小兴安村晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组的海龙化石,是关岭生物群海龙类化石在贵州关岭之外地区的首次发现。该化石标本共保存有9枚较好的背椎骨,21条完好的肋骨及若干腹肋。靠近头部的4枚背椎骨为有次序的自然排列。背椎椎体长约12cm,椎体横突发育,椎体腹侧轻微凹入,呈双凹形,近似圆形。这一特征与鱼龙类脊椎骨明显的双凹特征有所区别,故暂且将其归于海龙类。新采集的该化石标本为探讨海龙类的古地理分布,以及寻找规律生物群新化石产地提供了信息。     

The first record of Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the Upper Cretaceous of Myanmar

A new subfamily of Ichneumonidae, Novichneumoninae subfam. nov., is established based on two new genera with two new species: Novichneumon longus gen. et sp. nov. and Caloichneumon perrarus gen. et sp. nov. These two new species are the first ichneumonids described from the Upper Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. A list of all described Mesozoic ichneumonid fossil species with their respective localities and ages is summarized. The distribution of Ichneumonoidea during the Cretaceous indicates that Cretaceous ichneumonids were documented from localities at high latitudes while braconids were distributed worldwide, a pattern consistent with the distribution of extant ichneumonids and braconids.     

Triassic Scleractinian Corals in China: A Review of Present Knowledge

Scleractinian corals appeared during the Anisian period of the Triassic after the end-Permian mass extinction, which in Triassic were distinct from the Jurassic-Cretaceous scleractinian corals. The study on Triassic scleractinian coral fauna as a separate field is significant for exploring the development and evolution of modern corals and investigating environmental changes since the Mesozoic. The first Triassic coral in China was reported in 1925, and since then, nearly 25 articles dealing with taxonomy and 17 papers about fossil reports on Triassic scleractinian corals in China have been published, which refer to 60 genera and 312 species, 49 localities and 25 strata. In this paper, the history, taxonomy, localities, stratigraphic distribution, current research, and existing knowledge gaps of the Triassic scleractinian corals in China are reviewed. More specifically, the research findings of the Triassic scleractinain coral in China since 1925 are discussed; the species of the Triassic scleractian coral fossil reported in China, has been examined and its synonyms have been sorted out; the geographical distributions of the Middle and Late Triassic scleractinian corals in China are systematically treated; the Triassic coral biostratigraphy in China has been improved; and the stratigraphic ranges of existing genera and species are provided. The above conclusions are presented in the form of complete figures. At the same time, we analyzed shortcomings in current research and identified productive future research directions of the Triassic scleractinian corals in China.