Violent transient sloshing-wave interaction with a baffle in a three-dimensional numerical tank

A finite difference model for solving Navier Stokes equations with turbulence taken into account is used to investigate viscous liquid sloshing-wave interaction with baffles in a tank. The volume-of-fluid and virtual boundary force methods are employed to simulate free surface flow interaction with structures. A liquid sloshing experimental apparatus was established to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, as well as to study nonlinear sloshing in a prismatic tank with the baffles. Damping effects of sloshing in a rectangular tank with bottom-mounted vertical baffles and vertical baffles touching the free surface are studied numerically and experimentally. Good agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and experimental data. The numerical results match well with the current experimental data for strong nonlinear sloshing with large free surface slopes. The reduction in sloshing-wave elevation and impact pressure induced by the bottom-mounted vertical baffle and the vertical baffle touching the free surface is estimated by varying the external excitation frequency and the location and height of the vertical baffle under horizontal excitation.     

DZW型微伽重力仪弹性系统的设计

论述了ＤＺＷ型微伽重力仪弹性系统中有关参数的计算以及弹簧材料的选择、加工与处理。     

用变形分析方法研究鲜水河断裂带的地震形变

提出了一种变形分析和用Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ原理进行位移场变换的方法，并用以计算了鲜水河断裂带的水平形变，给出了比较客观的位移场。按均匀应变模型计算了点和图形的均匀应变和分区应变的加权平均值，结果说明主应变轴方位与破裂线方位相关；在北西走向的主干断裂上，无论是破裂区或闭锁区，主压应变轴方位都是近东西向的。采用样条函数和截断多项式函数拟合跨断裂的点，用非线性动态平差模型求得了地震区的垂直形变模型，结果显示了道孚地震震前的加速形变、震时以震中为中心的下沉和震后的反向回升运动。     

Developing a 2D vertical flow and sediment transport model for open channels using the Youngs-VOF method

A 2D vertical(2DV) numerical model,without σ-coordinate transformation in the vertical direction,is developed for the simulation of flow and sediment transport in open channels.In the model,time-averaged Reynolds equations are closed by the k-ε nonlinear turbulence model.The modified YoungsVOF method is introduced to capture free surface dynamics,and the free surface slope is simulated using the ELVIRA method.Based on the power-law scheme,the k-ε model and the suspended-load transport model are solved numerically with an implicit scheme applied in the vertical plane and an explicit scheme applied in the horizontal plane.Bedload transport is modeled using the Euler-WENO scheme,and the grid-closing skill is adopted to deal with the moving channel bed boundary.Verification of the model using laboratory data shows that the model is able to adequately simulate flow and sediment transport in open channels,and is a good starting point for the study of sediment transport dynamics in strong nonlinear flow scenarios.     

Energy dissipation through wind-generated breaking waves

Wave breaking is an important process that controls turbulence properties and fluxes of heat and mass in the upper oceanic layer.A model is described for energy dissipation per unit area at the ocean surface attributed to wind-generated breaking waves,in terms of ratio of energy dissipation to energy input,windgenerated wave spectrum,and wave growth rate.Also advanced is a vertical distribution model of turbulent kinetic energy,based on an exponential distribution method.The result shows that energy dissipation rate depends heavily on wind speed and sea state.Our results agree well with predictions of previous works.     

编制地壳垂直运动速率等值线图的有限元法

根据地壳垂直运动研究中的均衡理论,建立描述地壳垂直运动速率空间分布的数学模型,并提出应用有限元法拟合地壳垂直运动速率面的理论和方法。通过计算验证,说明有限元法可实现对地壳垂直运动速率面的精确逼近,是编制地壳垂直运动速率等值图的有效方法。     

Modeling vertical heat transport in the wave affected surface layer of the ocean

In considering the vertical heat transport problems in the upper ocean, the flat upper boundary approximation for the free surface and the horizontal homogenous hypothesis are usually applied. However, due to the existence of the wave motion, the application of this approximation may result in some errors to the solar irradiation since it decays quickly in respect to the actual thickness of the water layer below the surface; on the other hand, due to the fluctuation of the water layer depth, it is improper to neglect the effects of the horizontal advection and turbulent diffusion since they also contribute to the vertical heat transport. A new model is constructed in this study to reflect these effects. The corresponding numerical simulations show that the wave motion may remarkably accelerate the vertical heat transferring process and the variation of the temperature in the wave affected layer appears in an oscillating manner. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA09A309); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070411111) and the Fund of Shandong Province for the Excellent Post-Doctors (No. 200603056)     

利用GNSS水准数据建立区域地壳垂直运动模型

针对少量稳定水准点无法建立区域地壳垂直运动模型的问题,提出一种利用GNSS与水准融合建立区域地壳垂直运动模型的方法。首先利用稳定水准点、GPS点初步建立区域地壳垂直运动模型;再根据各个水准点、GPS点的模型结果与实际结果的差异,选取区域地壳垂直运动建模所用点;最后利用函数模型拟合区域地壳垂直运动模型。以山东及周边一等水准网以及CORS数据为例进行计算,证明该方法能够克服因水准点数量不足而无法建立模型的弊端,并提高区域地壳垂直运动模型的精度。     

Analytical Solution for 3D Tidal Flow with Vertically Varying Eddy Viscosity

In this study, a 3D idealized model of tidal flow, in which the tidal elevation and velocities are solved analytically, is developed. The horizontal eddy viscosity is neglected, and the vertical eddy viscosity used in the study is assumed to be independent of time and only varies as a parabolic function in the vertical direction. The analytical solution is obtained in a narrow rectangular bay, with the topography varying only across the bay. The model results are compared with the field observations in the Xiangshan Bay. The results show that the influence of varying vertical eddy viscosity mainly has two aspects. On one hand, it amplifies the magnitude of the tidal elevation, particularly the amplitude near the head of the bay. On the other hand, it adjusts the axial velocity profile, resulting in an obvious frictional effect. Furthermore, the tidal elevation and velocities are more sensitive to the magnitude of the eddy viscosity near the bottom than the structure in the upper water layer.     

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMOCLINE MODEL FOR THE YELLOW SEA AND NORTHERN EAST CHINA SEA

A time-dependent, three-dimensional finite difference model is presented for simulating the stratifiedYellow Sea and northem East China Sea. The mode is forced by time-dependent observed wind, surfaceflux of heat, and tidal turbulence. With this model, momentum and temperature distribution can be computed,and an approximation for the sub-grid scale effects is introduced by the use of mass and momentumexchange coefficients. The vertical exchanges are quite dependent on these assumed coefficents, whichare complicated functions of the turbulence energy of tide and wind, of the stratified strength and otherfactors. This model was applied to describe the mechanics of the variations in strength and thickness ofthe thermocline covering almost the whole Yellow Sea and northern East Chna Sea in summer. Comparisonsof the computed output with obtained survey data led to some important conclusions.     

Simulation of coupled pelagic-benthic ecosystem of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass

A one-dimensional coupled pelagic-benthic box model for the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） is developed. The model is divided into three boxes vertically according to the depths of thermocline and euphotic layer. It simulates well the oligotrophic shelf ecosystem of the YSCWM considering effects of nutrients deposition and microbial loop. Main features of vertical structure of various variables in ecosystem of the YSCWM were captured and seasonal variability of the ecosystem was well reconstructed. Calculation shows that the contribution of microbial loop to the zooplankton can reach up to 60%. Besides, input of inorganic nutrients from atmospheric deposition is an important mechanism of production in upper layer of the YSCWM when stratified.     

Embankment deformation analyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling consolidation theory

The deformation, of embankment has serious influences on neighboring structure and infrastructure. A trial embankment is reanalyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling Blot＇ s consolidation theory. With the increase in time of loading, the damage accumulation becomes larger. Under the centre and toe of embankment, damage becomes serious. Under the centre of embankment, vertical damage values are bigger than horizontal ones. Under the toe of embankment, horizontal damage values are bigger than vertical ones.     

地壳垂直形变场的综合逼近模型

针对地壳垂直形变受多力源影响，单一逼近模型难以准确逼近地壳形变场的问题，提出了两步逼近综合模型和加权综合逼近模型，给出了模型应用实例并进行了验证。结果表明，综合逼近模型具有一定的理论研究和实际应用价值。     

调和分析法应用于编制地壳垂直运动速率面等值线图的可靠性讨论

对有关文献提出的“地壳垂直运动调和分析”模型的建立过程作了全面分析 ,指出 :该模型建立过程中所做的一些处理是不合理的 ,由此建立的模型不是地壳垂直运动规律的客观反映 ,因而尚不足以成为编制地壳垂直运动速率面等值线图的可靠手段。     

基于OpenMP多核并行算法的垂线偏差快速计算

针对利用超高阶地球重力场模型计算大范围、高分辨率区域垂线偏差效率低的问题,提出基于OpenMP多核并行技术的数组升维和分区计算方法。实验表明,该方法计算垂线偏差的加速比最高达到5.6倍,显著提高了超高阶垂线偏差的计算效率,也为解决重力场数据处理过程中类似的快速计算问题提供了思路。     

Embankment deformation analyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling consolidation theory

The deformation of embankment has serious influences on neighboring structure and infrastructure. A trial embankment is reanalyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling Biot's consolidation theory. With the increase in time of loading, the damage accumulation becomes larger. Under the centre and toe of embankment, damage becomes serious. Under the centre of embankment, vertical damage values are bigger than horizontal ones. Under the toe of embankment, horizontal damage values are bigger than vertical ones.     

利用多代卫星测高数据反演海洋重力异常及大地水准面

联合多代卫星测高数据,研究并实现了多种测高数据联合交叉点平差方法,削弱了数据内部系统性偏差;采用沿轨迹加权最小二乘方法,选取适当的搜索半径,确定了浙江近海剩余垂线偏差子午分量ξ和卯酉分量η;基于移去 恢复方法和FFT技术,利用剩余垂线偏差,考虑最内圈带的影响,选取适当的积分半径,反演得到了浙江近海高分辨率的重力异常模型和大地水准面模型;将浙江近海重力异常与船测重力进行比较,差值的均方根为±5.231 58 mGal;将浙江近海大地水准面与EGM96及EGM2008模型大地水准面进行比较,差值的均方根分别为±0.694 57 m及±0.029 51 m。     

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铅垂断层向错引起的地表重力变化

利用直立长方体组合模型以及坐标旋转理论,对铅垂断层向错引起的重力变化进行数值模拟,分别计算深度为1、5、10 km的铅垂断层在单一方向上、两个方向上向错引起的地面重力变化。结果表明,当断层在单一方向产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1、W2向错引起的地面重力变化场均呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布|以中点为基点的W3向错引起的地面重力变化场构成四象限反对称分布。当断层在两个方向上同时产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1W2向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布,整体显示W2向错起主导作用|以中点为基点的W2W3向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现非对称分布,整体也显示出W2向错起主导作用,断层附近的扭错现象为W3向错的作用。随着断层深度的增加,断层向错引起的地面重力变化值递减,但影响范围逐渐扩大。     

Wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar

This study gives an analytical solution for wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar based on linear potential theory. The whole study domain is divided into multiple sub-regions in relation to the structures. The velocity potential in each sub-region is written as a series solution by the separation of variables. A partially reflecting boundary condition is used to describe the partial reflection of a vertical wall. Unknown expansion coefficients in the series solutions are determined by matching velocity potentials among different sub-regions. The analytical solution is verified by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) solution and experimental data. The wave run-up and wave force on the partially reflecting vertical wall are estimated and examined, which can be effectively reduced by the submerged porous bar. The horizontal space between the vertical wall and the submerged porous bar is a key factor, which affects the sheltering function of the porous bar. The wave resonance between the porous bar and the vertical wall may disappear when the vertical wall has a low reflection coefficient. The present analytical solution may be used to determine the optimum parameters of structures at a preliminary engineering design stage.