Geodemographics and spatial interaction: an integrated model for higher education

Spatial interaction modelling and geodemographic analysis have each developed as quite separate research traditions. In this paper, we present an integrated model that harnesses the power of spatial interaction modelling to behavioural insights derived from a geodemographic classification. This approach is applied to the modelling of participation in higher education (HE). A novel feature of the paper is the integration of national schools, colleges and HE data; a national model is then calibrated and tested against actual recorded flows of students into HE. The model is implemented within a Java framework and is presented as a first step towards providing a quantitative tool that can be used by HE stakeholders to explore policies relating to such topics as widening access to under-represented groups.     

Geodemographics as a tool for targeting neighbourhoods in public health campaigns

Geodemographics offers the prospects of integrating, modelling and mapping health care needs and other health indicators that are useful for targeting neighbourhoods in public health campaigns. Yet reports about this application domain has to date been sporadic. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of a bespoke geodemographic system for neighbourhood targeting in an inner city public health authority, Southwark Primary Care Trust, London. This system, the London Output Area Classification (LOAC), is compared to six other geodemographic systems from both governmental and commercial sources. The paper proposes two new indicators for assessing the performance of geodemographic systems for neighbourhood targeting based on local hospital demand data. The paper also analyses and discusses the utility of age- and sex standardisation of geodemographic profiles of health care demand.     

GIS and Intelligent Agents for Multiobjective Natural Resource Allocation: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

An important component of natural resource management is determining how to allocate resources within a landscape to different stakeholders in a manner that satisfies multiple objectives. Developing decision making tools for assisting natural resource allocation is a challenging endeavor as stakeholders' objectives typically exist at varying spatial scales, their actions are defined by the spatial constraints in which they operate, and the spatial distribution of resources can be altered due to system disturbances. The nature of such challenges suggests the need for a geographic approach that can investigate these spatial complexities in order to generate a suitable set of solutions. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an Intelligent Agent Model for multiobjective natural resource allocation. The model integrates agent-based modeling in a GIS environment with reinforcement learning – a heuristic method for generating, evaluating, and improving multiobjective decision making solutions. The model is implemented by simulating a forest management scenario in which agents that represent forest companies learn how to harvest trees in a manner that maximizes economic return while minimizing the adverse ecological impact to the surrounding landscape. In addition, the model simulates forest disturbances of varying frequencies and intensities to determine how disturbance events affect the decision-making ability of agents. The model is validated to demonstrate that it can provide practical solutions to natural resource decision making.     

湖南省益阳市农村土地信托流转资源配置效应分析

农用地流转是实现农业适度规模经营的重要途径。目前在国内还未形成一个可以在全国范围内大面积推广的土地流转模式。通过对湖南省益阳市土地信托流转的资源配置效应进行分析,对这种流转模式进行思考,提出优化调控这种土地流转模式的对策建议,为完善其他土地流转模式提供参考。     

The Integration of Geographic Visualization with Knowledge Discovery in Databases and Geocomputation

This paper details the research agenda of the International Cartographic Association Commission on Visualization: Working Group on Database-Visualization Links. The paper stresses the need for the closer integration of three largely disparate technologies: geographic visualization, knowledge discovery in databases, and geocomputation. The introduction explains the meaning behind these terms, the ethos behind their practice, and their connections within the broad realm of knowledge construction activities. The state of the art is then described for different approaches to knowledge construction, concentrating where possible on visual and geographically oriented methods. From these sections, a research agenda is synthesized in the form of three sets of research questions addressing: (1) visual approaches to data mining; (2) visual support for knowledge construction and geocomputation; and (3) databases and data models that must be satisfied to make visually-led knowledge construction a reality in the geographic realm. Conclusions relate this agenda to issues of (1) data, (2) geographic knowledge, and (3) the visualization environment and pose significant challenges to the way we currently represent geographic information and knowledge within computational systems.     

厦门市二调数据成果1980西安坐标转换

根据第二次全国土地调查有关技术文件的要求,各地汇总和提交的成果资料的数学基础必须是1980西安坐标系,而当前许多城市的土地调查工作是基于地方坐标系进行的.本文以厦门市为例,从技术路线、实现方法、精度检查等方面就地方坐标系下的调查成果如何转换为西安坐标系进行了较为详细的探讨,为其他地区的类似工作提供了有益的借鉴.     

Towards Real‐Time Geodemographics: Clustering Algorithm Performance for Large Multidimensional Spatial Databases

Geodemographic classifications provide discrete indicators of the social, economic and demographic characteristics of people living within small geographic areas. They have hitherto been regarded as products, which are the final “best” outcome that can be achieved using available data and algorithms. However, reduction in computational cost, increased network bandwidths and increasingly accessible spatial data infrastructures have together created the potential for the creation of classifications in near real time within distributed online environments. Yet paramount to the creation of truly real time geodemographic classifications is the ability for software to process and efficiency cluster large multidimensional spatial databases within a timescale that is consistent with online user interaction. To this end, this article evaluates the computational efficiency of a number of clustering algorithms with a view to creating geodemographic classifications “on the fly” at a range of different geographic scales.     

An Application of a Choice Heuristic Algorithm for Managing Land Resource Allocation Problems Involving Multiple Parties and Conflicting Interests

Competition among individuals and communities for the use of resources has made resource management activity very contentious and complex. Conflicts over the allocation of resources are forcing resource managers worldwide, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, to widen the range of interests they consider and embrace environmental factors before they make and implement resource policies. In tandem with the recent extension of GIS applications into the region therefore is the expectation that the technology would create opportunities for public participation and for resolving conflicts that result from competition for resources. However, creating a supportive environment for people in the communities to actively participate in resource policy decisions requires simple, but efficient, participatory decision support procedures that are lacking in many of today's GIS. This paper describes the application of a decision support algorithm for managing resource allocation problems involving competing interests. A case involving multiple claims to resources in the Aboma Forest Reserve located at Kofiase in Southern Ghana is used to illustrate the Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) methodology.     

关于新疆煤炭资源配置及矿业权审批制度的思考

经济的快速发展,促使新疆煤炭资源配置及矿业权审批步伐加快。同时,新疆煤炭资源配置及矿业权审批存在着矿业权审批职责不清、地方政府深度介入、不按地质规律和市场规律办事以及冷落作为地质找矿主力军的地勘单位等问题。解决这些问题已成为新疆煤炭资源配置及矿业权审批制度改革的当务之急。     

基于PGIS的社区警务管理系统研究和实践

本文针对基层社区警务工作的特点和需要,分析了国内外相关领域的研究进展,论述了利用GIS技术来实现社区警务工作精细化管理的技术路线,并依托公安部PGIS平台,设计和实现了社区警务管理系统的系统原型,探讨了GIS技术在社区警务应用中的若干技术问题。     

城市(工矿)局部坐标系的转换

影响局部坐标转换参数求定量精度的因素;局部坐标转换参数的选择;局部坐标转换模型。     

在自然资源管理中发挥测绘地理信息科技创新作用研究

2018年10月,自然资源部研究印发了《自然资源科技创新发展规划纲要》,提出了以“一核两深三系”为主体的自然资源重大科技创新战略。测绘地理信息技术已广泛应用于资源生态环境调查和对人口、经济、社会等空间分布规律研究。测绘地理信息科技创新是自然资源调查监测、国土空间优化管控、生态保护修复技术体系（“三系”）建设的重要内容,也是深地探测、深海探测国际科学前沿（“两深”）研究的重要手段。分析了自然资源管理内涵,结合《自然资源科技创新发展规划纲要》中有关自然资源科技创新发展任务布局,提出了测绘地理信息科技创新在自然资源管理中的相关任务建议。     

公安院校GIS人才培养的分析与思考

当前,GIS技术在公安业务中扮演着越来越重要的作用,同时对公安院校开展相关人才的培养也提出了迫切的需求。本文从面向公安业务应用的角度出发,对在当前公安院校中开展GIS人才培养的必要性、培养目标、专业建设、课程体系和培养方式等问题进行了思考和分析。     

广东省测绘地理信息地方标准的现状与思考

从广东省测绘地理信息技术的发展及地方标准建设的实际出发,结合本省数据建设的基本需要,总结并探讨广东省测绘地理信息地方标准体系的建设内容和保障机制,提出测绘地理信息地方标准建设的必要性和迫切性。     

关于加强军地测绘地理信息资源统筹的思考

在国家统筹经济建设和国防建设的大背景条件下,本文简要论述了我国军地测绘地理信息资源共享合作的基本情况,研究分析了制约军地测绘地理信息资源共享的原因,提出了分步推进军地测绘地理信息资源统筹发展的思路建议。     

研究探索学会工作的新路子

学会在当前体制转轨的形势下,如何逐步做到具有自身生存与发展能力,这是全国学会工作者都在关心的２,作者结合学会工作的实践进行一些探索和研究,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

国土资源信息核心元数据的研究

国土资源信息核心元数据是建立运行在国土资源数据交换网络上的国土资源信息目录的基础和重要组成部分，也是目前数字国土工程中实现国土资源数据共享的重要途径。分析了国内外地理信息元数据标准的发展状况，根据国土资源信息核心元数据确定的原则和描述要求，确定了国土资源信息核心元数据的主要内容，提出了以通用建模语言UML类图作为国土资源信息核心元数据的结构设计，用数据字典详细定义核心元数据的组成，以构成国土资源信息核心元数据的完整描述的设计方法。     

《陕西省环境资源地图集》的设计研究

陕西省环境资源地图集的设计、编制和印刷装帧汲取了众多优秀图集的成功经验,借鉴了各种精美的符号和表达方式,基于Freehand制图软件的编制设计使地图集编制的效率有了很大的提高.     

城市规划信息资源的整合管理与服务

实现规划信息的共享涉及到对规划信息资源、业务规范和系统应用等多方面、多层次进行整合和集成,其中最为基础和核心的部分就是对城市规划数据库的信息资源进行整合和管理。以广州市城市规划信息系统的建设为例,阐述了以应用为导向建立城市规划海量数据库;提出了通过建立统一数据规范的开放型信息交换平台是信息资源整合与管理比较理想的方案;并讨论了建立符合信息共享要求的数据分发与应用服务体系模式。